1,2-二（N-（4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)）甲基碳硼烷的合成及其紫外吸收性质

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、1,4-二氯-2-丁炔和十硼烷为原料,通过取代反应和炔加成反应合成了1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷(4-NP CBR)。考察了反应溶剂、原料物质的量之比和反应温度对反应的影响,得到的优化条件为:甲苯为反应溶剂,n{1,4-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)]-2-丁炔)}∶n(乙腈硼烷)=1.2∶1,100℃下加热反应16 h,在该条件下,1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷的产率为51.2%。产物通过FTIR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HR-MS进行结构表征,并测定了其紫外吸收性质。     

Balz-Schieman法合成4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,通过Balz-Schieman法制备了4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺,考察了BalzSchieman反应中氟硼酸用量对氟硼酸重氮盐收率的影响,得到n(4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(氟硼酸)=1∶4时收率最高,为89.2%。并考察了反应条件对重氮盐加热分解反应的影响,得到最优反应条件为:采用液相加热分解方式,氟化钾催化剂存在下,n(原料)∶n(氟化钾)=1∶2,在130℃分批次投料,反应3 h,4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率为43.4%。     

微波催化合成N-(2-吡啶基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的研究

用微波催化法制备N-(2-吡啶基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺,考察了功率、时间、反应物料配比,溶剂等参数,得到优化工艺参数为:以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂:功率5.0W,物料比n(2-氨基吡啶)∶n(邻苯二甲酸酐)=1∶1.2,反应时间6min,收率91.3%;无溶剂时:功率5.0W,物料比n(2-氨基吡啶)∶n(邻苯二甲酸酐)=1∶1.2,反应时间8min,收率:85.5%。微波催化法具有环保、时间短、收率高、后处理简单等优势。     

N-甲基-4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成研究

以4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,碳酸二甲酯作为甲基化试剂制备N-甲基-4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,优化各反应条件,收率达78％;再经铁粉还原制备N-甲基-4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,优化各反应条件,收率达91．5％。     

一锅法合成N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以邻苯二甲酰亚胺和烯丙基氯为原料,采用一锅法合成,经红外和核磁氢谱表征,确定该产物为N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。考察原料配比、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂对产物收率的影响,得到优化反应条件:n(烯丙基氯)∶n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)=1.5∶1,在60℃下反应12 h,N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率可高达88.5%。     

4-溴-5-硝基-1,8-萘酐的合成工艺改进

以苊为原料、NaBr/CeCl3?7H2O/H2O2为溴化试剂,得到5-溴苊,再用Al(NO3)3?9H2O/CH3COOH硝化,得到4-溴-5-硝基苊,进一步以醋酸钴/醋酸锰/N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺/氧气为氧化剂,制备得到萘酰亚胺类荧光染料的重要中间体4-溴-5-硝基-1,8-萘酐.考察了原料配比、反应温度、时间以及溶剂对收率的影响,优选的最佳反应条件为:溴化反应温度25℃,反应时间3 h,n(苊):n(CeCl3?7H2O):n(NaBr)=2:1:2.4,收率86.4％;硝化反应温度45℃,反应时间8 h,n(5-溴苊):n〔Al(NO3)3?9H2O〕=1:1.2,收率88.4％;氧化反应温度110℃,反应时间5 h,n(醋酸钴):n(醋酸锰):n(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺):n(4-溴-5-硝基苊)=1.2:0.5:1.2:10,收率72.3％.进行了初步放大实验,结果表明,反应扩大5～20倍后仍具有较好的收率.     

邻苯二甲酰亚胺与N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成研究

邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成原料为苯酐与尿素,以邻二甲苯为溶剂,对影响邻苯二甲酰亚胺产率的反应条件进行了探究。合成N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的原料是邻苯二甲酰亚胺与甲醛,以去离子水作为溶剂。结果表明:n(苯酐)∶n(尿素)∶n(邻二甲苯)=1∶0.65∶3,反应时长为120min,反应温度为133℃,邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率最高,产率为93.2%;n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(甲醛)=1∶1.2,反应的时长为7 h,反应的温度为101℃,N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率最高,可达91.3%。     

四丁基溴化铵催化合成N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺

研究了以四氢呋喃为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)催化邻苯二甲酸酐和苯胺反应合成N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺;探讨了反应时间,原料摩尔比及四丁基溴化铵用量对反应的影响,在最佳条件下(n(邻苯二甲酸酐)/n(苯胺)/n(四丁基溴化铵)=1︰1.2∶0.3,四氢呋喃为溶剂,反应时间3 h),收率可达85.0%。     

盖布瑞尔合成法制备N-(2-羟乙基)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺

报道了通过盖布瑞尔合成法制备N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺。以DMF为溶剂,邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐与氯乙醇在90℃下反应12h,N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率为86%。讨论了反应温度、反应时间、物料比例以及不同溶剂对反应收率的影响。该方法操作简便,实验条件温和,后处理简便,适合N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺的实验室制备。     

N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的新合成方法

研究了以苯酐与甲胺水溶液为原料合成N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NMP),提出了一种合成NMP的新方法,并对产物进行了红外表征,结果表明产物是N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺.考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响,得出了最佳反应条件:苯酐与甲胺的摩尔比为1∶2,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为4 h,收率达到85.5%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。