Structured graphene devices for mass transport

The reversible atomic-mass transport along graphene devices has been achieved. The motion of Al and Au in the form of atoms or clusters is driven by applying an electric field between the metal electrodes that contact the graphene sheet. It is shown that Al moves in the direction of the applied electric field whereas Au tends to diffuse in all directions. The control of the motion of Al is further demonstrated by achieving a 90° turn, using a graphene device patterned in a crossroads configuration. The controlled motion of Al is attributed to the charge transfer from Al onto the graphene so that the Al is effectively charged and can be accelerated by the applied electric field. To get further insight into the actuation mechanism, theoretical simulations of individual Al and Au impurities on a perfect graphene sheet were performed. The direct (electrostatic) force was found to be ～1 pN and dominant over the wind force. These findings hold promise for practical use in future mass transport in complex circuits.     

基于石墨烯吸附净化材料的研究进展

石墨烯是一种片层状高比表面积碳材料,理论比表面积可达2 630 m2/g,具有非常高的吸附容量、良好的化学稳定性及机械性能等。有关石墨烯的发展和应用已成为当前的热点研究课题之一。详细讨论了石墨烯及其复合物在吸附重金属离子、有机污染物、有毒气体中的研究进展。最后对石墨烯及其复合物在吸附方面中的发展与应用做出了评价,同时对它们在吸附上的应用前景做了展望。     

选区激光熔化石墨烯增强金属基复合材料研究进展

石墨烯拥有不同于传统材料的特殊性能,如优异的结构力学性能以及导热性能,自被发现以来即获得广泛的关注,其中一个重要应用是作为增强相来增强金属基材料,从而获得高性能的结构和功能复合材料。近年来为了满足复合材料性能优化及结构精密复杂的需求,对其制造方法提出了更高的要求。选区激光熔化(Selective Laser Melting, SLM)作为增材制造技术的一种,避免了传统制造技术成本高、周期长、精度低等问题,可更加灵活地实现功能-结构-材料一体化。本文总结了SLM制备石墨烯及其增强金属基(铝、镍、钛、铁、铜)复合材料的应用研究与发展现状,讨论了石墨烯增强金属基复合材料所面临的主要问题,并展望了石墨烯增强金属基复合材料的应用与发展前景。     

超声剥离二次膨胀石墨制备石墨烯纳米片

以天然鳞片石墨为原料,氧化插层制备可膨胀石墨,微波热解膨胀后,对膨胀石墨进行二次氧化插层并微波膨胀,采用超声剥离法制备出包含大量少层数碳原子的石墨烯纳米片。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对其结构和形貌进行分析。结果表明,氧化插层增大了石墨层间距,膨胀石墨更易于进一步氧化插层引入含氧基团;在微波作用下,石墨内部含氧基团热分解放出气体,进一步增大石墨层间距,甚至部分剥离;对二次膨胀处理的石墨薄片进行超声剥离可得到石墨烯纳米片,大部分石墨烯层数低于5层。     

Clean transfer of graphene on Pt foils mediated by a carbon monoxide intercalation process

Noble metals such as Pt are a perfect substrate for the catalytic growth of monolayer graphene. However, the requirements of the subsequent transfer process are not compatible with the traditional etching method. In this work, we find that the interaction of graphene with Pt foil can be weakened through the intercalation of carbon monoxide （CO） under ambient pressure. This intercalation process occurs on both hexagonal-shape graphene islands and irregular graphene patches on changing the CO partial pressure from 0 to 0.6 MPa, as observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We demonstrate that, on a practical timescale, the intercalation ratio is proportional to the partial pressure of CO. Furthermore, we develop a clean transfer method of CO-intercalated graphene with water as a peeling agent. We show that this method enables the transfer of tens of micrometer-scale graphene patches onto SiO2/Si, which are free from metal or oxide particle contamination. This transfer method should be a significant step towards the dean transfer of graphene, as well as the recydable use of noble metal substrates.     

石墨烯复合材料对水中金属离子的吸附研究进展

石墨烯是一种新型的纳米材料,具有一些独特的物理和化学性质,如高机械强度、良好的导电导热性、比表面积、化学稳定性好等。关于石墨烯的应用涉及到电子、信息、能源、材料、催化和生物医药等多个领域。概述了近年来石墨烯复合材料在水处理过程中对重金属离子的吸附研究,内容有石墨烯复合材料的制备及它们的吸附效果、吸附机理、吸附动力学、热力学,并就今后石墨烯复合材料在水处理过程中的应用进行了展望。     

氧化石墨烯对水泥基复合材料自收缩的影响

氧化石墨烯(GO)表面富有大量的含氧基团,具有良好的亲水性,是新型纳米碳材料,会对水泥水化产物的形状及聚集态造成影响。本文将多层GO和水超声分散后形成GO分散液,对不同GO掺量的新拌水泥浆体的自收缩进行测试,并采用氮吸附法对其孔隙结构进行表征。结果表明,掺入GO会增加凝胶孔中的自由水,加快水泥水化速率,增大自收缩,且随着掺量的增加,自收缩会更加明显。由迟滞效应的特征推论出GO使得水泥浆体内部的孔隙呈现狭缝形。根据Kelvin方程的BJH法进行孔分布分析,探索GO对自收缩的调控机理。发现GO有助于细化内部孔径,使水泥浆体内部的大毛细孔向着小毛细孔转变,导致毛细孔压力增加,进而增加了水泥基复合材料的自收缩。     

Effects of graphene nanoplatelets and graphene nanosheets on fracture toughness of epoxy nanocomposites

The effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) on fracture toughness and tensile properties of epoxy resin have been studied. A new technique for synthesis of GPLs based on changing magnetic field is developed. The transmission‐electron microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the size and chemical structure of the synthesized graphene platelets. The critical stress intensity factor and tensile properties of epoxy matrix filled with GPL and GNS particles were measured. Influence of filler content, filler size and dispersion state was examined. It was found that the GPLs have greater impact on both fracture toughness and tensile strength of nanocomposites compared with the GNSs. For instance, fracture toughness increased by 39% using 0.5 wt% GPLs and 16% for 0.5 wt% GNSs.     

利用氧化石墨烯复合膜吸附去除水中重金属离子的研究进展

氧化石墨烯作为一种独特的碳纳米材料,具有很高的比表面积,且其表面含有丰富的羟基、羧基等含氧基团,被认为是一种得天独厚的吸附材料,在净化水体方面有着广阔的发展前景。目前,为进一步提高氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的选择吸附性,氧化石墨烯被辅之以其他功能化材料,来制备复合材料。此外,膜分离技术在解决水环境问题上效果显著,因此将氧化石墨烯复合材料与膜分离技术相结合,来制备氧化石墨烯复合膜,对净化水体起到了事半功倍的效果。本文综述了氧化石墨烯复合膜材料的制备方法,并对其去除水中重金属离子的研究进展与吸附机理进行了综述,也对后续研究方向进行了展望。     

不同浓度硼掺杂石墨烯吸附多层金原子的第一性原理研究

石墨烯与金属间过高的接触电阻严重影响了其在微纳电子领域的应用,B掺杂可以有效降低石墨烯的接触电阻。利用第一性原理研究了不同浓度B掺杂对石墨烯吸附多层Au原子的影响。首先计算了不同浓度B掺杂石墨烯的结合能,验证了掺杂石墨烯的稳定性;然后对掺杂石墨烯进行了结构优化并在其表面置入多层Au原子,计算了吸附模型的吸附能、赝能隙、局部态密度、电荷密度分布和电荷转移量。B掺杂浓度分别为1.39%,4.17%,6.94%,9.72%,12.50%和15.28%。结果表明:随着B掺杂浓度的提高,石墨烯吸附多层Au原子体系的赝能隙变宽,吸附能增加,结构稳定性得到提升;B原子与Au原子间杂化作用明显,具有较高的电荷密度和电荷转移量,可有效地降低石墨烯与多层Au原子间的接触电阻;但掺杂浓度为15.28%时,由于浓度过高吸附模型中石墨烯几何结构变形过大。     

An approach to prepare uniform graphene oxide/aluminum composite powders by simple electrostatic interaction in water/alcohol solution

The homogenous dispersion of graphene in Al powders is a key challenge that limits the development of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites with high performance. Here, uniform distribution of graphene oxide (GO) coated on flake Al powders were obtained by a simply stirring and ultrasonic treatment in the water/alcohol solution. The effect of water volume content on the formation of GO/Al composite powders was investigated. The results showed that GO adsorbed with synchronous reduction on the surface of Al powders, but when the water content was higher than 80% in the solution, Al powders were totally changed into Al(OH)₃. With optimizing the water content of 60% in the solution, reduced GO was homogenously coated onto the surface of flake Al powders. The formation mechanism can be ascribed to the balance control between the liquid/solid interaction and the hydrolysis reaction.     

Polyelectrolyte multilayer electrostatic gating of graphene field-effect transistors

We apply polyelectrolyte multilayer films by consecutive alternate adsorption of positively charged polyallylamine hydrochloride and negatively charged sodium polystyrene sulfonate to the surface of graphene field effect transistors. Oscillations in the Dirac voltage shift with alternating positive and negative layers clearly demonstrate the electrostatic gating effect in this simple model system. A simple electrostatic model accounts well for the sign and magnitude of the Dirac voltage shift. Using this system, we are able to create p-type or n-type graphene at will. This model serves as the basis for understanding the mechanism of charged polymer sensing using graphene devices, a potentially technologically important application of graphene in areas such as DNA sequencing, biomarker assays for cancer detection, and other protein sensing applications.     

Assembly of graphene oxide-enzyme conjugates through hydrophobic interaction

Biochemical and biomedical applications of graphene oxide (GO) critically rely on the interaction of biomolecules with it. It has been previously reported that the biological activity of the GO-enzyme conjugate decreases due to electrostatic interaction between the enzymes and GO. Herein, the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and oxalate oxidase (OxOx) on chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) are reported. The enzymes can be adsorbed onto CRGO directly with a tenfold higher enzyme loading than that on GO, and maximum enzyme loadings reach 1.3 and 12 mg mg(-1) for HRP and OxOx, respectively. Significantly, the more CRGO is reduced, the higher the enzyme loading. The CRGO-HRP conjugates also exhibit higher enzyme activity and stability than GO-HRP. Excellent properties of the CRGO-enzyme conjugates are attributed to hydrophobic interaction between the enzymes and the CRGO. The hydrophobic interaction mode of the CRGO-enzyme conjugates can be applied to other hydrophobic proteins, and thus could dramatically improve the performance of immobilized proteins. The results indicate that CRGO is a potential substrate for efficient enzyme immobilization, and is an ideal candidate as a macromolecule carrier and biosensor.     

Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons

The use of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) as infrared photodetectors is explored, based on recent results dealing with solar cells, light-emitting devices, photodetectors, and ultrafast lasers. IR detection is demonstrated by both RGO and GNRs in terms of the time-resolved photocurrent and photoresponse. The responsivity of the detectors and their functioning are presented.