查干凹陷中央构造带苏一段油气成藏特征及主控因素

通过对油源对比、充注期次、油藏类型及成藏模式的分析,结合烃源岩、断裂及储层展布特征,系统分析了中央构造带苏一段油气成藏特征及主控因素。研究表明,苏一段油气主要来自下伏巴音戈壁组烃源岩,油气为同源一期充注成藏。油气成藏模式为下生上储。油气成藏主要受烃源岩、断裂和储层三个因素的控制,巴音戈壁组有效烃源岩控制了油气藏分布范围,巴润断裂系控制油气展布区带,储层发育影响油气富集程度。     

天山南地区碳酸盐岩成藏因素分析

天山南地区油气资源丰富、南北供烃、两相烃源,油气资源以凝析气和气层气为主,后为常规油。该地区分为海相、陆相两种油源,油气主要由该区北部的库车前陆变形带三叠-侏罗系泥岩烃源岩区、南部满加尔坳陷的寒武-奥陶系下统的碳酸盐岩烃源岩区产出。以天山南地区中两大类烃源岩储层中的碳酸盐岩储层为主要研究对象,以确定碳酸盐岩成藏条件为目标。综合运用地质,测井等方面的数据资料,以石油地质学、油气成藏地质学、构造地质学、测井方法等理论为指导方向,对天山南地区碳酸盐岩成藏条件进行系统的分析。     

埕东太古界潜山储层特征及成藏规律研究

本文对济阳坳陷太古界潜山储层特征及成藏规律进行了研究,分析认为太古界内幕储层发育,主要为裂缝性片麻岩储层以及带溶蚀孔隙的火山岩储层。在成藏方面成藏模式决定了成藏类型,大断裂交会部位决定了太古界成藏部位,油储对接程度决定了太古界成藏规模：     

辽河东部凹陷油燕沟潜山带石油地质条件研究

以现有资料为基础,通过对区域构造、储层、烃源岩特征等基础石油地质条件的研究,认为油燕沟潜山发育中、古生界两套储层,中生界岩性以火成岩为主,古生界以碳酸盐岩为主。二界沟洼陷沙三中段暗色泥岩是本区的主要烃源岩,北东向驾掌寺断裂为主要油源断裂。潜山整体油气成藏条件优越,预测石油资源量约5000×104t,具有较好的勘探前景。     

准东北三台凸起西地1号背斜石炭系成藏模式

本文主要根据准东石炭系至侏罗系构造发育史及前人对本区油源的研究资料分析建立了北三台凸起西地1号背斜石炭系成藏模式。西地1号背斜石炭系油藏油气源主要来源于与其石炭系侧向接触的吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系平地泉组和顶部不整合接触的平地泉组烃源岩。运移通道主要为断裂、不整合面、高孔渗带及内部高角度裂缝。     

琼东南盆地深水区下切水道油气成藏主控因素研究

琼东南盆地深水区发育一条规模巨大横贯东西的下切水道,总长约500km,最大宽度约13km。通过对地震、钻井和油气成藏条件的分析发现深水区下切水道具有良好的储、盖、圈闭、保存和油气运移条件,同时其成藏的主控因素在不同位置各不相同,水道西段油气成藏的主控因素是圈闭的发育程度及其闭合高度;水道中段油气成藏的主控因素是沟通水道砂岩与下部烃源岩的断裂体系;而在水道东段烃源岩的发育情况则是控制油气成藏的主要因素。整个下切水道呈现西高东低的构造格局,油气从东向西聚集,因此下切水道中、西段是有利的勘探地区。     

青海木里地区晚三叠世-早中侏罗世烃源岩特征初探

针对青海南祁连木里天然气水合物发现区分布的晚三叠世尕勒得寺组和早中侏罗世不同类型烃源岩的地质特征和烃源岩地化特征进行了初步分析。研究结果表明,晚三叠世尕勒得寺组烃源岩主要以暗色泥岩、碳质泥岩及煤为主;早中侏罗世窑街组烃源岩主要以暗色泥岩、页岩及煤为主。其中窑街组暗色泥岩、页岩具有较高的有机质丰度、生烃潜量,成熟度以低成熟-成熟为主,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2、Ⅲ型,是好-较好的烃源岩,为该地区天然气水合物形成的最主要气源岩。     

塔里木盆地塔北地区油气富集规律

塔北地区具有较好的石油地质条件,存在两套含油气系统:一套是寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的海相含油气系统;另一套是来自库车拗陷三叠-侏罗系烃源岩的陆相含油气系统。成藏条件研究认为塔北地区具有含油层系多、油气藏类型多样、复杂的特点,碳酸盐岩油气藏主要为岩溶缝洞油气藏和潜山油气藏,碎屑岩油气藏主要为构造油气藏和非构造油气藏,油气平面分布具有"南油北气、西油东气"的特点。油气主要富集在沙雅隆起碳酸盐岩岩溶储集体发育带、库车坳陷褶皱冲断带、塔河地区盐边构造带、北东向、北西向断裂带等。     

冀中坳陷深县凹陷油气成藏条件及其分布特征

综合利用地质、地震和化验分析等资料,从烃源岩、储集层、生储盖组合、圈闭类型和输导体系5个方面对深县凹陷油气成藏条件进行了系统分析。研究表明,深县凹陷主要发育2套烃源岩,分布在深西—白宋庄和虎北洼槽;储集层主要是新生界碎屑岩储层和古生界基岩储层,发育三种生储盖层组合模式;圈闭类型以构造和潜山圈闭为主,圈闭定型时间早于本区油气生成和运移时间,油气成藏条件较好;输导系统以断裂的垂向疏导为主。受生烃洼槽、二级构造带和断裂分布控制,油气平面分布呈3个条带:西北部何庄-深西潜山油藏聚集带,南部深南背斜油气聚集带,东部榆科背斜油气聚集带。纵向发育6个含油组合,平面上不同部位的含油组合的叠置差异较大。     

歧口凹陷西南缘白云岩油气成藏主控因素及成藏模式

歧口凹陷西南缘古近系沙河街组一段下部(沙一下亚段:Es1下)广泛发育白云岩类油气藏。经过油源对比发现,油气藏原油主要来自沙一下烃源岩,其特点是成熟度较低,且油气近源充注。在此基础上,对沙一下白云岩类油气藏成藏条件的分析发现,油源条件、储层岩性及厚度、以及储层裂缝的发育是油气成藏的主控因素。良好的油源条件是油气富集高产的基础、而储层岩性是油气富集高产的根本、储层厚度是油气富集高产的保障、而储层内部裂缝的发育是油气富集高产的关键。文章总结了歧口凹陷油气藏发育类型,共发育两种白云岩类油气藏成藏模式,并具有自生自储、下生上储、叠加连片成藏等特点。     

油气成藏时间研究方法综述

油气成藏时间的研究能够有效揭示油气藏的分布规律,是圈闭优选和评价的核心关键。为了研究油气藏充注时间,人们主要从传统的成藏期分析法和流体历史分析法两大类来对不同油气藏进行研究,成藏期分析法是通过圈闭时间分析法、生排烃史分析法、油气藏饱和压力分析法来确定油气藏的形成时间,属于间接的成藏期研究方法,是对成藏期的外推,但该方法不能精确的推断出成藏时间,需要采用更直接有效的方法来研究成藏期。而流体历史分析法就是一种比较直接有效的新方法,主要是通过流体包裹体分析法、固体沥青分析法和成岩矿物定年分析法来综合分析,该方法对研究我国具有广泛分布的叠合盆地可以取得良好效果。本文通过对国内外研究方法的对比、适用油气藏类型优缺点的探讨等,并对其进行评价,为研究油气藏的形成时间提供一种重要的研究手段。     

Biochemical activities during lipid accumulation inCandida curvata

Intracellular and extracellular concentrations of citrate and the specific activities of ten different enzymes in Candida curvata D were examined in relation to lipid biosynthesis in batch and continuous culture. Citrate was found to accumulate prior to lipid production and declined markedly as lipid accumulated in batch culture. The cells excreted citrate as the culture became nitrogen-limiting after 30 hr of growth, but little more was expelled after 40 hr when lipid accumulation was more marked. In continuous culture, only low levels of citrate were detected at the lower dilution rates and citrate was completely absent from both the cells and medium above a dilution rate of 0.1/hr. The activity of malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase and ATP:citrate lyase increased in batch culture on lipid accumulated and, in continuous culture, both malic enzyme and ATP:citrate lyase varied in parallel with the specific rate of lipid synthesis which increased with increasing dilution rate. Activity of malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased with increasing dilution rate. The regulatory significance of these enzymes in lipid accumulation by C. curvata is discussed.     

Lysophosphatidylcholine accumulation in the ischemic canine heart

The production of cardiac arrhythmias and the elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine level in the ischemic myocardium have been well-documented in a number of studies. However, the relationship between the production arrhythmias and the elevation of tissue lysophosphatidylcholine level was not reported. In this study, the lysophosphatidylcholine level and the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the ischemic canine heart were monitored. A temporal relationship between the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine and the occurrence of arrhythmias was established after five hr of ischemia. A significant elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine was detected at three hr of ischemia without the occurrence of arrhythmias. The results indicate that cardiac arrhythmias did not cause the elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine and if lysophospholipids are causally related to the arrhythmias that a critical level of the lysophospholipid must accumulate in order to elicit electrophysiological alterations.     

Microscale characterization of damage accumulation in CMCs

The developing roles of damage mechanisms in the failure response of SiC/SiC minicomposites was investigated by the characterization of microscale damage accumulation with respect to microstructure. A multi-modal approach combining spatially resolved acoustic emission (AE) with tensile testing in-SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used to simultaneously examine surface (observed in-SEM) and bulk damage (monitored via AE). Strong agreement was shown between the evolving crack density estimated by AE and in-SEM measurements. The following were observed: (i) in-plane matrix content and distribution impacted crack growth; (ii) spatially-distributed matrix cracks generated varying stress-dependent AE; and (iii) certain individual cracks became more probable failure locations due to unique combinations of damage mechanisms that drove their growth. This approach enabled characterizing potential failure determinants and suggests that early damage behavior is related to certain microstructural features (e.g. surface flaws), while subsequent damage behavior is coupled to interactions of local mechanisms evolving with stress.     

新型蓄光性发光陶瓷

介绍了新型蓄光性发光陶瓷的研制过程和主要性能，分析讨论了其发光机理及各种因素对发光性能的影响。     

Genomic regions governing soybean seed nitrogen accumulation

Nitrogen accumulation in the form of seed protein takes place in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the reproductive stages of development. The purpose of this study was to relate genotypic differences in seed nitrogen accumulation with genomic regions controlling nitrogen accumulation in soybean during R₅, R₆, and R₇ growth stages. A population of 101 F_6∶8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of N87-984-16×TN93-99 was utilized. The RIL were grown at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Experiment Station, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2002. Seed nitrogen was determined from pod samples harvested at the R₅, R₆, and R₇ growth stages. A significant (P<0.05) difference among genotypes was found for nitrogen accumulation at all three growth stages. Single-factor ANOVA revealed that quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing nitrogen accumulation in soybean seed were distributed in the linkage groups A2, B2, D1a, D1b, E, G, and M. Phenotypic variation explained by an individual QTL ranged from 5 to 11.6%. These QTL may provide useful marker-assisted selection opportunities for soybean protein improvement.     

Metabolic costs of terpenoid accumulation in higher plants

The net value of any plant trait can be assessed by measuring the costs and benefits associated with that trait. While the other contributors to this issue examine the possible benefits of terpenoids to plants, this article explores the metabolic costs of terpenoid accumulation in plants in the light of recent advances in terpenoid biochemistry. Terpenoids are more expensive to manufacture per gram than most other primary and secondary metabolites due to their extensive chemical reduction. The enzyme costs of making terpenoids are also high since terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes are apparently not shared with other metabolic pathways. In fact, plant cells may even possess more than one set of enzymes for catalyzing the basic steps of terpenoid formation. Terpenoids are usually sequestered in complex, multicellular secretory structures, and so storage costs for these substances are also likely to be substantial. However, not all of the processes involved in terpenoid accumulation require large investments of resources. For instance, the maintenance of terpenoid pools is probably inexpensive because there is no evidence that substantial quantities of terpenes are lost as a result of metabolic turnover, volatilization, or leaching. Moreover, plants may reduce their net terpenoid costs by employing individual compounds in more than one role or by catabolizing substances that are no longer needed, although it is still unclear if such practices are widespread. These findings (and other facets of terpenoid biochemistry and physiology) are discussed in relation to the assumptions and predictions of several current theories of plant defense, including the carbonnutrient balance hypothesis, the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis, and the resource availability hypothesis.     

Water accumulation in the alcohol extraction of cottonseed

The critical moisture content of cottonseed flakes extracted with an aqueous alcohol solvent can be defined as that flake moisture level at which the flakes lose no moisture during extraction. This study shows that the critical moisture content for aqueous ethanol (92%, w/w) is 3%. For aqueous isopropanol (88%, w/w) this value is 6%. If the moisture contents of the flakes are above these levels, then the solvents pick up moisture. For moisture contents below this level, the flakes adsorb moisture and actually dry the alcohol. It is proposed that this latter capability can be used as a basis for a method to control water accumulation in aqueous alcohol solvent extractions.     

Damage accumulation in plasma-sprayed zirconia under cyclic loading

The stiffness and hysteretic response due to mechanical and thermo-mechanical cycling have been studied in plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Mechanical cycling of free-standing cantilevers of YSZ shows that the progressive decrease in stiffness is accompanied by monotonic increase in hysteretic energy dissipation per cycle and a permanent ratcheting displacement of ∼20 nm/cycle. Below a critical stress, it varies from coating to coating, ratcheting accompanied by a slow decrease in stiffness does not lead to failure even after ∼1000 cycles. In contrast, at higher stresses, the rates of ratcheting and decrease in stiffness increase rapidly, leading to the nucleation of macrocracks that lead to fracture failure. Prior thermal cycling of coatings on Inconel substrate up to 700°C, which induced an estimated cyclic thermal stress of ∼35 MPa, led to a pronounced reduction in stiffness and mechanical cycling life. During bending, damage accumulates in the tension side of the cantilever and the volume going through the compression cycle remains relatively undamaged.