可分解型磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的合成研究

0 .3mol脂肪醛与 0 .4mol原甲酸三乙酯在 1g硝酸铵催化下于 8～ 10℃反应 8h得到脂肪醛缩二乙醇 (Ⅰ) (收率 >5 0 % ) ;Ⅰ在磺基水杨酸的催化下于 110℃与丙三醇反应〔n(丙三醇 )∶n(Ⅰ) =3∶1〕并蒸馏除去生成的乙醇 ,得到 2 烷基 4 羟甲基 1,3 二氧杂环戊烷 (Ⅱ) (收率 >80 % ) ;最后等物质的量的Ⅱ、1,3 丙基磺酸内酯和氢氧化钠于 60～ 65℃反应 8h ,得到系列可分解磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂 [3 (2 烷基 1,3 二氧杂环戊烷基 4 甲氧基 )丙磺酸钠 ](Ⅲ) ,收率 >90 %。     

缩醛型可分解表面活性剂的合成

在对甲苯磺酸的催化下,庚醛、癸醛分别与3-氯-1,2-丙二醇通过缩合反应制备了氯代缩醛2-烷基-4-氯甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷;再分别与亚硫酸钠进行磺化反应,合成了缩醛型可分解表面活性剂(2-烷基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲烷-1-磺酸钠盐,磺化产率分别为87.9%和87.3%;所得中间体和产物的结构经IR、1HNMR表征。对缩合反应的物料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等进行了优化,结果表明:n(庚醛)∶n(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.2,对甲苯磺酸0.4g,反应时间20h为较佳合成条件,产率达66.51%～68.70%。测试了可分解表面活性剂Ⅱa、Ⅱb在盐酸溶液中的分解率,结果显示:分别在1.5、3h,分解率就可达100%。     

苯并咪唑阳离子缩醛型表面活性剂的合成及性能

以醛、环氧溴丙烷、苯并咪唑为原料制备1-[(2-烷基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲基]-1-苯并咪唑,再与硫酸二甲酯反应合成两种含苯并咪唑的缩醛型可分解阳离子表面活性剂:1-[(2-己基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲基]-1-甲基-苯并咪唑甲基硫酸盐(3a)和1-[(2-壬基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲基]-1-甲基-苯并咪唑甲基硫酸盐(3b).对中间体1-[(2-壬基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲基]-1-苯并咪唑(2b)的合成条件进行优化选择,其较佳的合成条件:甲苯为溶剂,n(癸缩醛)∶n(苯并咪唑)n∶(NaOH)=11∶.1∶4,回流24 h,所得中间体(2b)产率52.0%.分别测定3a、3b的表面性能,测定结果为:20℃时临界胶束浓度1.4×10-3mol/L和1.2×10-3mol/L;Krafft点均低于20℃;泡沫稳定性70.2%和77.4%;乳化性31 min和33 min.所有中间体和目标化合物结构经IR1、HNMR表征.     

铯-铷-钒系低温硫酸催化剂上SO_2氧化反应速率的机理解释

以碱金属盐为助催化剂的铯 -铷 -钒系硫酸催化剂 ,在 380～ 5 2 0℃下 SO2 氧化反应机理为三步催化反应 ,并推导出其动力学机理模型 :r=k1P1/ 2O2k2 +k3 PSO3 +PSO3 PSO2(1- PSO3 PSO2 P1/ 2O2 KP)。采用内循环无梯度反应器测定了SO2 氧化反应动力学数据 ,并利用 Powell法对动力学模型进行参数估值 ,得到 :k1=0 .15 2 exp(- 6 2 0 73/ RT) ,k2 =8.18exp(- 2 384/ RT) ,k3 =0 .2 2 1exp(- 18949/ RT)。方差分析表明 ,在显著性水平 0 .0 1下 ,三步反应机理模型对反应速率实验值拟合较好 ,标准偏差为 0 .2 42     

乙酸丁酯液相合成丙烯酸丁酯的工艺研究

采用乙酸丁酯液相合成丙烯酸丁酯,通过双键来源和催化剂种类的筛选,以催化剂A-X催化1,3-二氧五环与乙酸丁酯的反应效果较佳。通过考察反应时间对反应的影响推得其反应进程,主反应分为两步:第1步(R1)为1,3-二氧五环与乙酸丁酯反应生成二丁氧基甲烷和乙二醇二乙酸酯;第2步(R2)为二丁氧基甲烷与乙酸丁酯反应生成丙烯酸丁酯和正丁醇。较优的工艺条件为:反应温度180℃,催化剂A-X用量37.5%(以1,3-二氧五环为基准),初始压力0.50 MPa。在该条件下,1,3-二氧五环的转化率为96.8%,丙烯酸丁酯的选择性和收率分别为37.6%和36.4%。     

乙酸丁酯液相合成丙烯酸丁酯的工艺研究

采用乙酸丁酯液相合成丙烯酸丁酯,通过双键来源和催化剂种类的筛选,以催化剂A-X催化1,3-二氧五环与乙酸丁酯的反应效果较佳。通过考察反应时间对反应的影响推得其反应进程,主反应分为两步:第1步(R1)为1,3-二氧五环与乙酸丁酯反应生成二丁氧基甲烷和乙二醇二乙酸酯;第2步(R2)为二丁氧基甲烷与乙酸丁酯反应生成丙烯酸丁酯和正丁醇。较优的工艺条件为:反应温度180℃,催化剂A-X用量37.5%(以1,3-二氧五环为基准),初始压力0.50 MPa。在该条件下,1,3-二氧五环的转化率为96.8%,丙烯酸丁酯的选择性和收率分别为37.6%和36.4%。     

TiO_2负载磷钨杂多酸催化剂催化合成缩醛(酮)

以TiO2负载磷钨杂多酸(H3PW12O40/TiO2)为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷10个缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究。较系统地研究了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。结果表明,在n(醛或酮)∶n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.25%,反应时间为1 h条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的收率为45.2%~92.2%。     

单质碘催化合成缩醛（酮）

以单质碘为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成了2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷10个缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响.结果表明,在n(醛或酮):n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.3,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的0.4%,反应时间为40～60 min条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的收率为45.2%～92.2%.     

N,N-2-[2-(1,3-二氧戊环)-2-乙基]甘氨酸酯的合成

以甘氨酸酯盐酸盐为原料,经与2-(2-溴乙基)-1,3-二氧戊环反应,得到新型透皮吸收促渗剂N,N-2-[2-(1,3-二氧戊环)-2-乙基]甘氨酸甲酯和N,N-2-[2-(1,3-二氧戊环)-2-乙基]甘氨酸乙酯.通过FT-IR、HPLC-MS和 1HNMR确证了相关化合物的结构.     

3,4-亚甲基二氧苯基-2-丙酮的合成

以黄樟素为原料合成了抗高血压药甲基多巴的重要中间体 3,4 亚甲基二氧苯基 2 丙酮。该工艺由环氧化和异构化两步反应组成 ,研究了不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对体系的影响。优化的反应条件为 :环氧化反应 :1,2 二氯乙烷作溶剂 ,n (催化剂 )∶n(黄樟素 ) =0 0 0 39∶1 0 0 0 0 ,n (催化剂 )∶n (H2 O2 ) =0 0 0 46∶1 0 0 0 0 ,n (H2 O2 )∶n(黄樟素 ) =0 87∶1 0 0 ,反应时间 4h ,反应温度 83～ 85℃ ,环氧化的收率可达 92 % ;异构化反应 :以乙酸乙酯作溶剂 ,LiI作催化剂 ,n(LiI)∶n(粗产物 ) =0 0 45∶1 0 0 0 ,反应时间 6h ,反应温度 78～ 80℃ ,异构化收率可达91% ,w(3,4 亚甲基二氧苯基 2 丙酮 ) >95 %     

Sex pheromone ofGrapholita funebrana occurrence ofZ-8- andZ-10-Tetradecenyl acetate as secondary components

Z-8-Dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12Ac),E-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8–12Ac),Z-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8–14Ac),Z-10-tetradecenyl acetate (Z10–14Ac), andZ-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8–12OH) were identified in the proportions 10013052 in female sex gland extracts ofGrapholita funebrana, accompanied by saturated acetates from 12 to 20 carbons with tetradecyl acetate predominating.Z10–14Ac has not previously been described as a lepidopteran sex pheromone component. Best attraction of males is obtained withZ8–12Ac in the presence of a higher proportion ofE8–12Ac than in the female. Inclusion of the 14-carbon acetates did not augmentG. funebrana catches but inhibitedG. molesta. On the other hand, addition ofZ8–12OH at the level optimal forG. molesta reduced attraction ofG. funebrana.     

双锂引发剂研究异戊二烯阴离子聚合的动力学

环已烷为溶剂,R（[THF]/[Li]）=1时,以齐聚异戊二烯双锂为引发剂,对异戊二烯聚合增长反应动力学进行了研究。结果表明,增长反应速度对单体浓度[M]呈一级关系,对引发剂浓度[C_0]的反应级数（β）小于1并随聚合温度上升而增加。推导出普适的动力学方程。并由此分别得出了体系中在一定条件下活性种的四缔合态与二缔合态、二缔合态与游离态之间的平衡常数K_1、K_2,以及缔合态和游离态的平衡浓度;同时也求得了四缔合态解缔为二缔合态,再进一步解缔为游离态这两步的解缔焓。此外,分别计算出了该体系的表观活化能E_（ap）和真实活化能E_p。     

Enhanced complexity and catalytic efficiency in the hydrolysis of phosphate diesters by rationally designed helix-loop-helix motifs

HJ1, a 42-residue peptide that folds into a helix-loop-helix motif and dimerizes to form a four-helix bundle, successfully catalyzes the cleavage of "early stage" DNA model substrates in an aqueous solution at pH 7.0, with a rate enhancement in the hydrolysis of heptyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate of over three orders of magnitude over that of the imidazole-catalyzed reaction, k(2)(HJ1)/k(2)(Im) = 3135. The second-order rate constant, k(2)(HJ1) was determined to be 1.58x10(-4) M(-1) s(-1). The catalyst successfully assembles residues that in a single elementary reaction step are capable of general-acid and general-base catalysis as well as transition state stabilization and proximity effects. The reactivity achieved with the HJ1 polypeptide, rationally designed to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiesters, is based on two histidine residues flanked by four arginines and two adjacent tyrosine residues, all located on the surface of a helix-loop-helix motif. The introduction of Tyr residues close to the catalytic site improves efficiency, in the cleavage of activated aryl alkyl phosphates as well as less activated dialkyl phosphates. HJ1 is also effective in the cleavage of an RNA-mimic substrate, uridine-3'-2,2,2-trichloroethyl phosphate (leaving group pK(a) = 12.3) with a second-order rate constant of 8.23x10(-4) M(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solution at pH 7.0, some 500 times faster than the reaction catalyzed by imidazole, k(2)(HJ1)/k(2)(Im) = 496.     

Physical Properties of R-PET/CD-PET Polyblended Hollow Filaments and Their Kinetics of Alkaline Hydrolysis

Cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CD-PET) was formed by copolymerizing dimethylterephthalate (DMT),5-sodium sulfonate dimethyl isophthalate (SIPM) with a molar ratio of 2% and ethylene glycol (EG). Blends of regular poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) and CD-PET were spun into hollow filaments. The filaments were then treated with aqueous NaOH. This study investigated the physical properties of R-PET/CD-PET polyblended hollow filaments and their kinetic behavior of alkaline hydrolysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), the density gradient method, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), rheometer measurement and statistical analysis using the regression method. Experimental results indicate that the rate constant of alkaline hydrolysis was CD-PET hollow filaments >R-PET/CD-PET polyblended hollow filaments > R-PET hollow filaments. For the alkaline hydrolysis kinetics equation of R-PET, CD-PET/R-PET polyblended and CD-PET hollow filaments: –dW/dt=KC A , is equal to 1. Moreover, R ² of the kinetics equation for from 1.061.29 was better than that of =1.     

Die Reaktion von α,β-Dihalogen-propionitrilen mit monosubstituierten Hydrazinen - einfache Synthese 1-substituierter 3- bzw. 5-Amino-pyrazole

The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines — A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazoles In methanol hydrazines 3 , and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A₁). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6 , the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8 . In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A₁), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., ¹H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9 , using the significant ¹H-n.m.r.-parameter Δ. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 , and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5 .     

碱性阻挡层抛光液中ULK介质抛光性能的研究

研究了化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中抛光液的Si02磨料质量分数和表面活性剂对多孔SiOCH薄膜(ULK介质)介电常数(k)及抛光速率的影响.所用抛光液(pH = 10)主要由0％-4％(质量分数,下同)SiC2、0.075％H202、1％邻苯二甲酸氢钾和不同质量浓度的表面活性剂组成,其中表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂脂肪...     

Solid‐Phase Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via the Cyclative Cleavage of N‐Arylated Carboxamides

We describe a practical (time‐efficient, with commercially available building blocks, user friendly reaction conditions, high purity of products) synthesis of pharmacologically relevant quinoxalinones with three points of diversification that takes advantage of solid‐phase synthesis and cyclative cleavage. Resin‐bound (S)‐2‐(N‐alkyl‐2‐nitrophenyl)sulfonamide‐3‐alkyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)propanamides, which are accessible from Fmoc‐protected α‐amino acids, 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and alcohols, underwent base‐mediated N‐arylation. The reduction of the nitro group produced acyclic intermediates that were subjected to acid‐mediated cyclative cleavage to yield 3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones.

     

Formation of a phase structure of the “fibrils in matrix” type in a composite fibre based on high-density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate

Conclusions Regions of component ratio and conditions for obtaining a composite fibre of the fibrils in matrix type have been determined for the HDPE-PET system.At an HDPE-PET ratio of 60:40, phase inversion takes place and a structure of the interpenetration networks type is realized.Under identical fibre spinning conditions, the formation of a phase structure of the fibrils in matrix type can be regulated by varying the temperature.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 38–40, July–August, 1987.     

Correspondence of soldier defense secretion mixtures with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes for chemotaxonomy of the termite genus Reticulitermes in North America

Soldier defense secretions from samples of Reticulitermes collected in California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Georgia were characterized and correlated with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes. Twenty-seven cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes have been defined, and soldier defense secretion (SDS) phenotypes have been described for 25 of these. Forty-five terpenoid compounds were found, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and a few diterpenes. The monoterpenes include (–)--pinene, (–)--pinene, (–)-camphene, myrcene, (Z)- and (E)-ocimene, and (–)-limonene. The major sesquiterpenes produced are (+)--cadinene, (+)--cadinene aldehyde, (–)-germacrene A, germacrene B, -himachalene, and -bisabolene. Some SDS phenotypes pair with more than one cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype; however, with two exceptions, each hydrocarbon phenotype is associated with only one SDS phenotype. These chemical characterizations lend support to the conclusion that there are numerous undescribed species of Reticulitermes in North America.     

Structure of Sphingolipids From Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and Structure-Specific Cytotoxicity Against Human HepG2 Cells

To investigate the relationship between structure and activity, three glucocerebroside series (CFC‐1, CFC‐2 and CFC‐3), ceramides (CF‐Cer) and long‐chain bases (CF‐LCB) of sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (C. frondosa) were isolated and evaluated in HepG2 cells. The molecular species of CFC‐1, CFC‐2 and CFC‐3 and CF‐Cer were identified using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with heated electrospray ionization coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC‐HESI‐HRMS), and determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence: For the three glucocerebroside series, fatty acids (FA) were mainly saturated (18:0 and 22:0), monounsaturated (22:1, 23:1 and 24:1) and 2‐hydroxyl FA (2‐HFA) (23:1 h and 24:1 h), the structure of long‐chain bases (LCB) were dihydroxy (d17:1, d18:1 and d18:2) and trihydroxy (t16:0 and t17:0), and the glycosylation was glucose; For CF‐Cer, FA were primarily saturated (17:0) and monounsaturated (16:1 and 19:1), the structure of LCB were dihydroxy (d17:1 and d18:1), and trihydroxy (t16:0). The results of cell experiment indicated that all of three glucocerebroside series, CF‐Cer and CF‐LCB exhibited an inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Moreover, CFC‐3 was most effective in three glucocerebrosides to HepG‐2 cell viability. The inhibition effect of CF‐LCB was the strongest, and the inhibition effect of CF‐Cer was much stronger than glucocerebrosides.