面向大型复杂产品的虚拟装配技术研究

针对大型复杂产品在装配生产组织形式、人的参与程度、装配工艺流程的优化、装配人员培训和示教等方面的特点,分别进行了虚拟装配关键技术的研究。重点探讨了考虑人体活动的新型虚拟环境技术、CAD系统和虚拟装配系统的数据集成技术、装配工艺的生成及其优化技术、工艺文件生成和现场示教技术等4个方面。最后给出了开发的虚拟装配原型系统在某型号复杂产品中的应用实例。     

产品装配分析环境的构建

采用Visual C 编程语言，在现有CAD系统的基础上，以Object ARX为开发工具，建立了产品装配分析系统基本结构，可直观演示人机交互拆、装过程，分析装配几何体设计中的缺陷，提取相关装配特征信息，进行装配顺序分析和工艺规划。在Open Inventor虚拟现实软件开发包的基础上，开发了虚拟装配环境，构建了虚拟装配系统的结构框架，实现了从CAD环境到虚拟装配环境产品几何模型数据的传递，演示了产品在虚拟环境下的拆卸过程。     

CAD系统与虚拟装配系统间的信息集成技术研究

针对商品化计算机辅助设计系统与虚拟装配系统间的数据转换问题,提出了一种虚拟装配环境下的零件信息层次表达结构模型,该模型由面片层、几何层、特征层和零件层组成;给出了虚拟装配环境下零件信息模型的重构方法,通过对计算机辅助设计系统中零件信息的提取和虚拟装配环境中零件信息的重构,较好地解决了商品化计算机辅助设计系统与虚拟装配系统之间的数据集成问题;建立了虚拟装配原型系统,验证了研究结果的可行性。     

虚拟环境下基于离散控制点的线缆装配规划技术

在对虚拟环境下的线缆装配规划的特点进行分析的基础上,提出虚拟环境下的线缆离散控制点建模以及虚拟环境下基于离散控制点的线缆装配规划方法。该方法通过对线缆离散控制点的单点、多点控制,可实现对整个线缆的可视化交互操作,能够比较清楚地描述线缆的空间位置、走向和装配路径,同时让规划人员直观地观察线缆与零部件之间的干涉情况,实现线缆的实时空间布置和装配过程仿真,为线缆的装配规划提供了一条有效的途径。目前该线缆装配规划软件系统已经在航天产品的装配工艺设计中得到试用,取得了良好效果。     

虚拟装配环境中组合夹具装配模型的特征表达及自动标记算法

针对组合夹具的CAD数据模型到虚拟装配环境中的装配模型的转换问题,提出了应用自动标记算法对CAD数据模型进行重建,并采用XML文件格式对夹具的装配模型进行表达。针对组合夹具元件的装配特征,采用标记法在虚拟装配环境中对元件模型的装配信息进行了表达,并在虚拟环境下进行了相应的装配验证,表明该方法是可行的和有效的。     

Interactive assembly tool planning based on assembly semantics in virtual environment

Assembly tool planning in virtual environment remains to be a challenge because of the complexity and variety in tools configuration and manipulation. In order to solve the problem, an interactive assembly tool planning based on assembly semantic model is proposed. After detailed analysis on assembly tool planning in virtual environment, an improved assembly semantic model is represented, and a new assembly tool model is developed based on assembly semantic model. With the help of assembly semantic processing method, such as recognition, solving, navigation and so on, a series methods including assembly tool selection, orientation, manipulation are proposed for interactive assembly tool planning in virtual environment. Finally, tightening tool planning for connecting rod caps of auto engine assembly line demonstrates the feasibility and validity of presented methods.     

XML-based assembly visualization for a multi-CAD digital mock-up system

Using a virtual assembly tool, engineers are able to design accurate and interference free parts without making physical mock-ups. Instead of a single CAD source, several CAD systems are used to design a complex product in a distributed design environment. In this paper, a multi-CAD assembly method is proposed through an XML and the lightweight CAD file. XML data contains a hierarchy of the multi-CAD assembly. The lightweight CAD file produced from various CAD files through the ACIS kemel and InterOp includes not only mesh and B-Rep data, but also topological data. It is used to visualize CAD data and to verify dimensions of the parts. The developed system is executed on desktop computers. It does not require commercial CAD systems to visualize 3D assembly data. Multi-CAD models have been assembled to verify the effectiveness of the developed DMU system on the Internet.     

从CAD系统到集成虚拟装配环境的数据转换研究

为了完成产品模型从计算机辅助设计系统到集成虚拟装配环境的数据转换,提出了信息提取模型转换法,将计算机辅助设计系统中的模型数据转换分解为信息提取和模型转换两部分,通过计算机辅助设计系统的二次开发和模型转换,得到集成虚拟装配环境所需的模型数据信息。以圆锥破碎机的进料机构为虚拟装配对象,在集成虚拟装配环境中对数据转换结果进行了验证,结果表明,用信息提取模型转换法获得的转换数据完整准确,转换效果良好。     

PDM环境下基于SolidWorks的装配工艺设计系统的研究

目前工艺设计主要基于二维CAD系统，与三维CAD系统的集成处于起步阶段。本文在PDM环境下，对基于SolidWorks的装配工艺设计系统的体系结构、设计流程进行了分析，最后对图示化装配工艺环境等系统实现的关键技术进行了论述。     

虚拟装配工艺规划实现技术研究

对虚拟环境下的产品装配工艺规划进行了研究,分析虚拟环境下面向集成的装配工艺规划系统结构。对虚拟装配工艺规划的三个核心问题(装配模型、装配序列规划和装配路径规划)进行描述,提出虚拟环境下面向工艺设计的产品装配模型总体结构。给出虚拟环境下装配约束关系的识别方法,实现了零部件基于约束的三维空间导航运动。建立原型系统,能够为虚拟环境下的装配工艺规划奠定基础。     

面向虚拟装配的信息获取与应用

介绍了面向虚拟装配的信息获取和重用方法,该方法可以实现虚拟装配环境快速构建和对虚拟装配系统的数据支持。首先建立虚拟装配系统的信息模型,实现了信息源与虚拟装配系统之间的联系。根据信息源的不同,将信息源分成基于计算机辅助设计系统、基于用户输入和基于装配规划模块三种方式进行获取,并将获取的各种信息应用到虚拟装配系统的装配规划和装配验证等功能模块中。通过实例,对虚拟装配信息获取和应用流程进行了说明。     

雷达结构交互式虚拟装配系统研究

文中针对雷达结构传统装配设计中存在的效率低、一次装配成功率不高等问题,提出了一种基于虚拟现实技术的交互式虚拟装配系统构建方案。该系统集成交互式外设在不需要任何雷达实物的情况下,完全在虚拟环境下通过用户的自然操作,实现雷达结构装配的全过程。文中介绍了系统中虚拟装配功能模型的构建方法,重点分析了虚拟手在系统中的动作实现过程,阐述了雷达结构装配仿真规划的方法,最后还介绍了原型系统的开发过程和系统功能的实现。     

面向印刷机械的虚拟装配系统研究与开发

分析了虚拟装配系统的功能结构，建立了基于配合特征的集成装配模型，采用几何推理和装配知识相结合的方法进行装配序列规划，实现了三维环境下的交互式装配工艺规划与仿真。最后，给出了该系统在某输纸机构装配中的应用实例。     

交互式虚拟装配路径规划及优选方法研究

给出了虚拟装配环境下基于人机交互的装配路径规划方法，根据实际需要提出了针对交互式虚拟装配路径规划方法的装配路径优选算法，优选算法基于虚拟装配路径节点投影，能够有效消除由于虚拟装配环境下触觉缺失而造成的路径抖动以及折返现象。实例验证以及实验结果表明，交互式虚拟装配路径规划及优选方法有效可行，能够满足虚拟装配系统的需要。     

面向虚拟装配的装配信息自动提取技术的研究与实现

针对商品化CAD系统与虚拟装配系统之间装配信息的转换问题,根据CAD系统中装配信息的表达形式,提出了一种获取装配信息的算法,实现了Pro/E中装配信息的自动提取,并依据Pro/E中装配信息的数据结构和虚拟装配系统的功能要求,设计了一种适用于虚拟装配系统的装配数据结构,较好解决了Pro/E与虚拟装配系统之间的装配信息集成问题,提高了虚拟装配的效率。     

面向虚拟环境的CAD装配模型向运动模型的转换

探讨了在虚拟环境中进行复杂机械产品运动分析时CAD装配模型向机构模型转化的信息识别。首先在总结CAD装配系统提供的各种装配约束类型与其相对应的运动几何元素基础上,给出了平移和旋转自由度的归约规则,根据简单运动副约束与运动自由度及运动几何元素的映射关系,实现从零部件装配信息到运动分析用的构件和简单运动副信息的转换。     

基于虚拟技术的装配工艺设计系统研究

介绍了基于虚拟技术的三维计算机辅助装配工艺设计系统,提出了3D-VAPP系统的体系结构;并对CAD模型的数据转换、可视化装配顺序和装配路径规划、装配过程动态模拟验证、装配工艺知识维护、装配工艺文件管理等一系列关键技术及解决方案进行了论述;尤其提出了一种基于多层次面片机械模型的精确碰撞检测算法及装配过程多角度观察镜头自动切换算法流程。最后,给出了系统进一步研究的趋势。     

Live parametric design modifications in CAD-linked virtual environment

This paper presents a solution to support parametric design modification in a virtual reality (VR) environment. It builds upon a novel computer-aided design (CAD) and VR integration framework, namely, CAD-linked virtual reality environment. With this framework, semantic information in CAD models, such as constraints, design features, and parametric settings can be automatically extracted during the creation of VR environment and be integrated into the virtual assembly (VA) models. Moreover, the persistent naming mechanism originating from feature-based modeling technology is introduced into the CAD–VR integration, based on which a persistent linkage between VA models and their CAD counterparts can be established. Users are able to visualize design features and to access the associated parametric info in VR environment and also to change the parametric settings online whenever necessary. The modified parametric settings are then sent back to the linked CAD models so that parts can be re-evaluated. The modified CAD part can then be reloaded into the VA model under an automated mechanism. Such communications between CAD and VR applications are supported in a live mode utilizing the COM interfaces provided by CAD server. With this solution, a quick return loop from VR to CAD is achieved. Therefore, it provides the possibility to support quick design change review and “what-if” evaluations for applications such as collaborative system design and immersive project review in VR. This constitutes the major contribution of the work to product development process.     

Kinematics Analysis of Mechanisms Based on Virtual Assembly

Currently,virtual assembly technology has attracted increasing attention due to considerations of solving assembly problems in virtual environment before actual assembly in manufactory.Previous studies on kinematic analysis of mechanism only aim at analyzing motion law of single mechanism,but can not simulate the multi-mechanisms motion process at the same time,let alone simulating the automatic assembly process of products in a whole assembly workshop.In order to simulate the assembly process of products in an assembly workshop and provide effective data for analyzing mechanical performance after finishing assembly simulation in virtual environment,this study investigates the kinematics analysis of mechanisms based on virtual assembly.Firstly,in view of the same function of the kinematic pairs and the assembly constraints on restricting the motion of components(subassembly or part),the method of identifying kinematic pairs automatically based on assembly constraints is presented.The information of kinematic pairs can be obtained through calculating the constraint degree of the assembly constraints.Secondly,the incidence matrix eliminating element method is proposed in order to search the information and establish the models of mechanisms automatically after finishing assembly simulation in virtual environment.Both methods have important significance for reducing the workload of pretreatment and promoting the level of automation of kinematics analysis.Finally,the method of kinematics analysis of mechanisms is presented.Based on Descartes coordinates,three types of kinematics equations are formed.The parameters,like displacement,velocity,and acceleration,can be obtained by solving these equations.All these data are important to analyze mechanical performance.All the methods are implemented and validated in the prototype system virtual assembly process planning(VAPP).The mechanism models are established and simulated in the VAPP system,and the result curves are shown accurately.The proposed kinematics analysis of mechanisms based on virtual assembly provides an effective method for simulating product assembly process automatically and analyzing mechanical performance after finishing assembly simulation.     

基于XML的CAD与XNA的信息转换

针对CAD与虚拟装配环境XNA之间的信息转换问题,提出了一种模型信息转换技术。构建了一种面向虚拟装配的层次化装配信息模型,该信息模型由产品层、子装配体层、零件层、特征层、几何层、三角面片层六层拓扑结构组成;根据模型信息分解方法,将模型信息分解为几何信息、装配信息以及面片信息等,使用Pro/ToolKit二次开发工具实现了对模型装配信息的提取,并通过对模型面片信息的转换,解决了CAD系统与XNA虚拟装配环境间的信息转换问题。利用构建的XNA虚拟装配平台对该技术进行了验证。