两性絮凝剂P（AM／AMPS／DMDAAC）的合成

高分子絮凝剂广泛用于工业用水和废水的处理。含磺酸盐（-S03Na）高聚物的高分子絮凝剂．近年来在水处理领域的应用引起人们的极大关注。含有磺酸基结构的不饱和单体种类很多，2-丙烯酰胺基2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）是目前研究最多、应用最广泛的磺酸类单体之一．它的聚合物有良好的综合性能．     

两性型高分子絮凝脱色剂PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC的合成与表征

以非离子单体丙烯酰胺(AM)、阴离子单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,以过硫酸铵、亚硫酸钠、2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐为引发荆,合成了絮凝剂产品PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC.在单体质量分数为10%的条件下,得到了最佳的合成工艺为:m(AM):m(DMDAAC):m(AMPS)=7:2:1,反应温度为45℃,偶氮引发剂2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐用量为溶液质量分数的0.006%,过硫酸铵用量为溶液质量分数的0.004%,哑硫酸氢钠用量为溶液质量分数的0.002%;对PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC的结构进行红外光谱和透射电镜表征,表明PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC链节上含有季铵盐和磺酸盐基团,分子呈现长链结构,分子链刚性好,交联现象少.     

两性高分子絮凝剂在污泥脱水上的应用研究

以天然高分子植物粉Ｆ６９１为原料,通过羧甲基化、接枝共聚螺尼期（Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ）三步反应合成出两性天然高分子改性絮凝剂（ＣＧＡＡＣ）。ＣＧＡＡＣ对污泥脱水性能的研究结果表明：在用量为２～２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内,ＣＧＡＡＣ能明显改善污泥的沉降性能和过滤性能,其脱水性能优于阳离子絮凝剂ＰＡＭ－Ｃ。     

两性絮凝剂P(AM-co-IA-co-DAC-co-DMC)的合成及絮凝性能

两性聚丙烯酰胺处理污水用量少,毒性低,pH适用范围广,绿色环保。采用水分散聚合方法合成了两性聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-co-IA-co-DAC-co-DMC),以1%的高岭土悬浮液模拟废水,考察絮凝剂用量、特性粘数、体系pH值、温度以及阴阳离子单体配比对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当阳、阴离子单体摩尔比为3∶1,特性粘数为3.16 dL/g,用量为3 mg/L时,絮凝效果好,常温下透过率达到98.7%。两性聚丙烯酰胺分子链上的正、负两种电荷基团同时发挥电中和作用和架桥作用,絮凝效果受pH变化的影响较小,明显优于阳、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺。     

AM/DMDAAC/AA型两性聚丙烯酰胺的制备及应用研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酸(AA)为单体,用溶液共聚法制备两性聚丙烯酰胺(AMPAM),研究了反应条件对两性聚丙烯酰胺分子量及絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,采用K2S2O8-NaHSO3(质量比1∶1)氧化还原复合引发体系,引发剂用量为0.88%,单体用量为24.5%,聚合温度为55℃,溶液pH值为6,单体摩尔比为n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)∶n(AA)=1∶0.3∶0.5,聚合时间为4 h,得到的产品综合性能最佳,且具有良好的絮凝脱色效果。     

两性高分子絮凝剂的合成与应用研究

在氧化还原体系过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠作引发剂条件下,丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酸(AA)经水溶液共聚合成两性高分子絮凝剂PDAA。探讨了单体浓度、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对聚合反应速率和产物特性黏数的影响。并以硅藻土模拟废水对制得的产品进行了絮凝实验。实验结果表明:合成两性高分子絮凝剂PDAA的较佳条件为:单体质量分数为35%,引发剂用量占单体质量分数为0.1%,反应温度为30℃。     

秸秆两性纤维素絮凝剂的辐射法制备及应用研究

以小麦秸秆纤维素与氯乙酸和2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为原料,用微波辐射法扩大纤维素的活化面积,合成两性离子型纤维素絮凝剂。秸秆两性离子型纤维素絮凝剂的最佳制备条件是:①纤维素羧甲基化:秸秆粉5 g,醚化剂6 g,乙醇浓度为70%,辐射时间为9 min,碱用量为5 g,醚化温度80℃;②季铵基化:取代度为1.16的羧甲基纤维素钠3 g,环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵5.5 g,80%的异丙醇溶液50 mL,10%的NaOH水溶液45 mL,醚化温度80℃,微波辐射10 min,反应时间5 h。在上述条件下,合成的两性纤维素絮凝剂中羧甲基取代度DS为1.16,季铵基取代度DS为1.12。絮凝实验结果表明,制备的纤维素两性离子絮凝剂在温度30℃下,pH=8,絮凝剂用量0.35 g/100 mL处理污水时,透光率可达到70%以上,絮凝效果理想。     

新型两性高分子污泥脱水剂PADS的合成及其表征

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为单体,采用三元自由基水溶液共聚法合成两性污泥脱水剂P(AM-DAC-SMAS),简称为PADS。利用响应面法考察了三元单体配比、引发剂含量、反应温度、反应时间、pH等对PADS合成的影响。结果表明,最佳合成条件为:单体配比n(AM)∶n(DAC+SMAS)=4.00∶1,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,反应时间3 h,反应温度40℃,体系pH值为6.5,搅拌速度为150 r/min。当PADS的投加量为7 mg/g干泥时,污泥达到最佳脱水效果,污泥含水率W_c可由98.56%降为75.05%,污泥比阻SRF由2.98×10~(13)m/kg降为1.23×10~(13)m/kg。     

新型两性高分子污泥脱水剂PADS的合成及其表征

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为单体,采用三元自由基水溶液共聚法合成两性污泥脱水剂P(AM-DAC-SMAS),简称为PADS。利用响应面法考察了三元单体配比、引发剂含量、反应温度、反应时间、pH等对PADS合成的影响。结果表明,最佳合成条件为:单体配比n(AM)∶n(DAC+SMAS)=4.00∶1,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,反应时间3 h,反应温度40℃,体系pH值为6.5,搅拌速度为150 r/min。当PADS的投加量为7 mg/g干泥时,污泥达到最佳脱水效果,污泥含水率W_c可由98.56%降为75.05%,污泥比阻SRF由2.98×10⁽¹³⁾m/kg降为1.23×10(13)m/kg降为1.23×10⁽¹³⁾m/kg。     

AM/AMPS/DMC聚两性电解质的合成、表征与溶液性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,在0.5 mol/L NaC l溶液中,以2,2-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二氢氯化物(VA-044)为引发剂,合成了AM/AMPS/DMC系列聚两性电解质。利用13C NMR对共聚产物结构进行表征,结果表明,在高转化率情况下,共聚物组分与投料比基本一致。考察外加小分子电解质和温度对聚两性电解质溶液性能的影响,结果显示,阴、阳离子数量相近的聚两性电解质溶液的粘度随外加盐浓度增大而增大,在温度升高时,其表观粘度保留率高于聚丙烯酰胺,说明AM/AMPS/DMC系列聚两性电解质具有一定的抗温、耐盐能力。     

两性聚合物絮凝剂的合成和性能测试

研究了两性聚合物AANa—MATMC的合成和它的性能。首先合成阳离子聚合物AM—MATMC,其合成优化条件：n（AM）：n（MATMC）：9：1;温度55℃;引发剂的用量为单体总质量的0．05％：聚合时间为7h。阳离子聚合物AM—MATMC部分水解得到两性聚合物AANa—MATMC,部分水解条件是温度60℃,时间90min,n（碳酸钠）：n（丙烯酰胺基团）=1：8,产物的收率为98．2％。性能测试结果发现：经其处理过的污水的化学需氧量、透光率及污泥滤饼含水量等指标优于国内同类产品,与进口阳离子聚丙烯酰胺比较其污泥滤饼含水量小,显示出优良的絮凝性能。     

天然高分子改性制两性絮凝剂及其性能研究

以天然植物胶粉F691为原料,通过羧甲基化、接枝共聚和曼尼奇(Mannich)三步反应合成出改性两性型絮凝剂(CG-AC),确定了其较佳的制备条件.试验表明:20 mg/L CG-AC与100 mg/L PAC配合使用处理活性红模拟染料废水,脱色率可达68%,效果明显优于对比样PAM-C;CG-AC对造纸混合污泥的絮凝脱水性能优于对比样PHP和PAM-C.     

Preparation of amphoteric polyacrylamide flocculant and its application in the treatment of tannery wastewater

Through two‐phase aqueous polymerization, amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) emulsion, as an environmental friendly flocculant for the tannery wastewater, was firstly synthesized using ammonium sulfate aqueous solution as the dispersion, using acrylamide, cationic monomer ethylene methyl propenoyl‐trimethylammonium chloride (DMC), and anionic monomer acrylic acid (AA). The structure and properties of the synthesized AmPAM were characterized by means of FT‐IR measurement, and the effects of various factors were studied, such as dispersing agent, dispersion medium concentration, initiator concentration, and AA/DMC feeding ratio on the intrinsic viscosity of the emulsion. The influences of pH, the AA/DMC feeding ratio, the intrinsic viscosity, and the dosage of polymer on the flocculating performance were also studied. When the weight percent of ammonium sulfate was 10.0% of emulsion total weight and dispersing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone was 1.2% and the weight percent of initiator was 4.0% of monomer total weight and m (acrylamide): m (DMC): m (AA) was 9: 5: 3, AmPAM achieved overall performance, good solubility, high stability, and application in a wide range of pH value between 4 and 10. The flocculating rate was more than 90.0%. AmPAM flocculant with both anionic group and cationic group provided a clear antipolyelectrolyte effect and a wide pH value range of the application, especially for tannery wastewater. It had not only charge neutralization and adsorption bridging role but also winding and enclosing effect among the molecules so as to flocculate and subside coarse particles of the sludge treated and dehydrate perfectly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

木质素基两性絮凝剂的制备及其用于模拟染料废水脱色处理的研究

以木质素磺酸钙为原料,通过与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚、阳离子化改性,制备了一种木质素基两性絮凝剂LSM,研究了醛胺比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对阳离子化反应的影响;将LSM用于活性艳蓝X-BR、活性黄X-R、活性紫K-3R、活性黑K-BR等4种模拟染料废水的脱色处理,研究了投加量、废水pH对LSM脱色效果的影响以及LSM投加量对废水CODcr的影响。结果表明:当醛胺比为1∶1,羟甲基化反应温度为50℃,反应时间为1.0 h,胺甲基化反应温度为50℃,反应时间为2.0 h时,所得LSM具有较佳的脱色性能;LSM对各模拟染料废水的脱色率均在82%以上,但投加量的增加会引起CODcr的提高,在实际使用中需将投加量控制在适当的范围内。     

Synthesis of a novel amphoteric chelating polymer flocculant and its performance in Cu2+ removal

A novel amphoteric chelating polymer flocculant (ACPF) was synthesized. The synthesis involved the copolymerization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide to prepare poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride‐co‐acrylamide) [P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)], Mannich reaction of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM) with triethylenetetramine and formaldehyde to prepare P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)‐graft‐TETA, and xanthogenation of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)‐graft‐TETA with CS₂ and NaOH. The removal performance of ACPF toward Cu²⁺ was investigated, and the ACPF structure was characterized. ACPF performance considerably improved at 121–187 mL/g intrinsic viscosity, 20.78–28.32 mol % cationic degree of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM), and 22.11–28.44% sulphur content of ACPF. The Cu²⁺ removal rate was above 99% at a 1.98 : 1 molar ratio of ‐CSS^? to Cu²⁺. This rate was 5.86% higher than that using polyacrylamide‐graft‐triethylenetetramine‐dithiocarbamate (PAM‐graft‐TETA‐DTC). The zeta potential and sedimentation rate of flocs obtained from ACPF were higher and their volume was smaller than those from sodium triethylenetetramine‐multidithiocarbamate and PAM‐graft‐TETA‐DTC at the same sulphur dosage. This result indicates that the positive charges of ACPF polymeric chains effectively neutralize excess negative charges in flocs, which benefits the bridging of flocs with negative charges to promote their formation and growth. These positive charges can also cause the flocs to become larger and tighter, thereby improving flocculation and settling performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

AM／AMPS／DMDAAC共聚物合成及其降滤失性能研究

以丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、二烯丙基氯化铵为原料,采用氧化-还原引发体系合成了耐温、耐盐的钻井液降滤失剂。讨论了引发剂加量、二烯丙基氯化铵加量和反应温度对聚合物降滤失性能的影响。当引发剂加量为0．15％、二烯丙基氯化铵加量为10％、反应温度为45℃时,合成的聚合物在高温、高含盐条件下具有优良的降滤失性能。