纳米碳酸钙和马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体对PA 6脆韧转变及协同增韧的研究

制备了尼龙6(PA6)／马来酸酐接枝乙烯—辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE—g—MAH)／纳米CaCO3复合材料。SEM分析表明,部分CaCO3粒子均匀分散在尼龙基质中,部分纳米CaCO3粒子为POE—g—MAH所包覆而形成了“壳—核”结构。随着基体中纳米CaCO3的增加,PA6／纳米CaCO3／POE—g—MAH发生脆韧转变所需要的弹性体量增加;在韧性断裂时,纳米CaCO3和POE—g—MAH对PA6的增韧有显著的协同作用。     

相容剂对PP/PA6复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了2种相容荆PP—g-MAH（马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯）、POE—g—MAH（马来酸酐接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物）对PP／PA6（聚丙烯／聚酰胺6）共混体系力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，2种相容荆的加入都使PP／PA6体系的相容性增加，但PP—g—MAH的加入主要表现为增强效果，而POE-g-MAH的加入主要表现为增韧效果。     

马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的增韧作用

研究了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE—g—MAH)和POE—g—MAH／聚丙烯(PP)共混物对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的增韧作用。结果表明,POE—g—MAH／PP共混物对PBT的增韧效果优于POE—g—MAH的,POE—g—MAH和PP并用具有显著的协同增韧作用。扫描电镜照片表明,POE—g-MAH／PP共混物增韧PBT具有软壳-硬核结构。     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

聚乙烯-尼龙共混材料的相容性及性能研究

考察了不同种类和含量的相容剂对聚乙烯(PE)/尼龙(PA)两相共混物的熔融结晶行为、两相形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明：PE接枝马来酸酐(PE-g-MAH)和POE接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)都使得PE和PA的结晶峰相互靠近,并且随着含量增加,两者的熔融峰呈现融合的趋势。两种接枝物都能使得共混物中PA6团聚颗粒的尺寸减小,孔洞减少,相界面模糊。PE接枝马来酸酐和POE接枝马来酸酐都能提高共混材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度。     

马来酸酐接枝POE改性SAN树脂的制备与性能研究

利用熔融接枝法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）,探讨了过氧化异丙苯（DCP）和马来酸酐（MAH）用量对POE—g—MAH接枝率的影响,得出了最佳的DCP和MAH用量分别为0．10份和2．0份。将不同接枝率的POE—g—MAtt与丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物（SAN树脂）共混,发现POE—g—MAH的接枝率越高,对POE—g-MAH／SAN体系的缺口冲击强度的提高越显著。     

PP/PA6共混体系的应力松弛行为研究

通过毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪对聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PA6)、聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PP—g—MAH／PA6)共混体系的应力松弛行为进行了研究。在毛细管流变仪中,共混体系的应力松弛行为由形变的分散相液滴的回复能力决定;而在旋转流变仪中,其动态应力松弛行为不仅与形变的分散相液滴的回复能力且与其产生形变的能力有关。在增容共混体系中,由于反应生成的PP—g—MAH—g—PA6共聚物位于共混体系的两相界面处,所以增容共混体系的应力松弛行为与未增容共混体系有很大不同。     

POE官能化新方法及其应用

利用熔融接枝法将马来酸酐（MAH）接枝上聚烯烃弹性体（POE），制备了马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体（POE-g-MAH），探讨了各个因素对POE-g-MAH接枝率和熔体流动速率（MFR）的影响，得出了最佳配方为：50gPOE中加入MAH0．75g，过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）：0．125g；反应温度为180℃，反应时间8min。螺杆转速80r／min^-1在此基础上添加第二单体苯乙烯（St），当St与MAH质量比为0．8，接枝率达到1．02％；将POE与接枝产物POE-g-HMA同时作为弹性体改性尼龙6（PA6），研究发现，弹性体含量一定，PA6／弹性体为80／20，POE，弹性体为20％时，体系的缺口冲击强度较纯尼龙提高接近8倍，而其他力学性能改变不大。     

一步法多单体反应挤出PP/PA6增容体系研究

采用一步法将接枝单体马来酸酐(MAH)和苯乙烯(St)、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)与聚丙烯(PP)、尼龙6(PA6)、乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)等混匀后在双螺杆挤出机中就地反应增容，详细地讨论了MAH／St／DCP用量和PA6含量对共混体系拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响；通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析了MAH／St／DCP用量及PA6含量对共混物的亚微形态、相界面的影响；通过红外光谱(FTIR)的结果分析对PP／PA6共混物增容反应机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：一步法添加MAH／St／DCP引起PP／PA6共混体系发生了酰亚胺化反应，生成了Pp—(St—MAH)—PA6接枝共聚物有很好的增容作用；PA6与基体PP的界面非常模糊，分散相的颗粒也变得均匀细小，约0．5μm，大大改善了两相之间的粘结；从而使得PP／PA6共混体系的力学性能有了较大的提高，PA6质量分数在20％，MAH／St／DCP添加1～4份时效果最佳，缺口冲击强度提高2倍左右，拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、无缺口冲击强度也有明显改善。     

低温增韧尼龙6改性料的研究

研究了在有机过氧化物引发剂(DCP)作用下,马来酸酐(MAH)和聚乙烯在Brabender流变仪中反应接枝,以及接枝母料(PE—g—MAH)的制备方法和工艺。通过化学法测定PE—g—MAH的接枝率(Gx),加入一定接枝率的该母料后,获得适合于扣件挡板座用的尼龙6-聚乙烯共混物的改性材料。     

MAH接枝E/MAK对PC增韧的研究

采用一种含有强极性官能团的新型增韧剂马来酸酐接枝（乙烯／甲基丙烯酸酯）共聚物[（E／MAK）-g-MAH]对聚碳酸酯（PC）进行增韧研究。实验结果表明,随着（E／MAK）-g-MAH含量的增加,PC／（E／MAK）-g-MAH共混体系的冲击强度显著提高。当（E／MAK）-g-MAH质量分数为20％时,冲击强度达59．6kJ／m^2,是纯PC冲击强度的近6倍。另外（E／MAK）-g-MAH还使共混体系的断裂伸长率提高,流动性得到明显改善。     

Compatibilizer in waste tire powder and low‐density polyethylene blends and the blends modified asphalt

With the increasing ratio of waste tire powder (WTP) to low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), the hardness and tensile strength of the WTP/LDPE blends decreased while the elongation at break increased. Five kinds of compatibilizers, such as maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA), maleic anhydride‐grafted ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE‐g‐MA), maleic anhydride‐grafted linear LDPE, maleic anhydride‐grafted ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymer, and maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene, were incorporated to prepare WTP/LDPE blends, respectively. PE‐g‐MA and POE‐g‐MA reinforced the tensile stress and toughness of the blends. The toughness value of POE‐g‐MA incorporating blends was the highest, reached to 2032.3 MJ/m³, while that of the control was only 1402.9 MJ/m³. Therefore, POE‐g‐MA was selected as asphalt modifier. The toughness value reached to the highest level when the content of POE‐g‐MA was about 8%. Besides that the softening point of the modified asphalt would be higher than 60°C, whereas the content of WTP/LDPE blend was more than 5%, and the blends were mixed by stirring under the shearing speed of 3000 rpm for 20 min. Especially, when the blend content was 8.5%, the softening point arrived at 82°C, contributing to asphalt strength and elastic properties in a wide range of temperature. In addition, the swelling property of POE‐g‐MA/WTP/LDPE blend was better than that of the other compalibitizers, which indicated that POE‐g‐MA /WTP/LDPE blend was much compatible with asphalt. Also, the excellent compatibility would result in the good mechanical and processing properties of the modified asphalt. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of maleic anhydride graft ratio on mechanical properties and morphology on nylon 11/ethylene‐octene copolymer blends

Mechanical properties and morphologies of nylon 11/ethylene‐octene copolymer blends have been investigated. The ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE) employed in this study was grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) and thus has the potential to react with the amine group of nylon 11. Nylon 11/POE‐g‐MAH and nylon 11/POE/POE‐g‐MAH blends with varying MAH graft ratios were prepared. In this paper, the effect of MAH graft ratio on ductile‐brittle transition temperature (DBTT), mechanical properties, and morphology of blends was studied. The results showed that incorporation of POE‐g‐MAH could remarkably improve the compatibility between the nylon and POE elastomers, thus increasing the toughness of the resultant blends. The compatibilizing effect on impact strength became more pronounced with increasing MAH graft ration. DBTTs of blends were initially lowered dramatically with the increasing maleic anhydride graft ratio, but over 0.56% MAH content, DBTTs of blends did not drop further, while tensile strength and tensile modulus dropped slightly because of the decreased glass transition temperature (Tg) of nylon 11/POE blends, resulting from the increased compatibility between the two phases. The role of MAH graft ratio on the POE particle size and dispersion of POE on nylon 11 matrix was also studied.     

PE-g-MAH增容PA 66/POE的形态与性能

使用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH)作为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)增韧聚酰胺(PA)66的增容剂,研究了PE-g-MAH用量对PA 66/POE共混物的力学性能和形态影响。随着PE-g-MAH用量的增加 PA 66和POE的相容性显著改善,共混物中各组分的熔融峰温下降;共混物的缺口冲击强度显著提高,断裂伸长率成倍增大,韧性也有提高。当w(PE-g-MAH)为8%时,增容效果较好。     

Studies on impact‐modified nylon 6/ABS blends

The objective of this research is to study the effect of using maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene‐octene elastomer (POE‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer on nylon 6/acrylonitile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer blends. With POE‐g‐MA, nylon 6/ABS at a blending ratio of 80/20 showed an optimal result in modified impact property. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the particle sizes of ABS in the dispersed phase diminished as the amount of the added compatibilizer (POE‐g‐MA) increased. The compatibilizer reduced the surface tension between nylon 6 and ABS, thus increasing the compatibility of the two phases. Furthermore, studies of the rheological behavior of the system showed that the shear viscosity of nylon 6/ABS blends also increased with the introduction of POE‐g‐MA. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiments showed that adding POE‐g‐MA dramatically improved the impact strength of the blends at room temperature and low temperatures. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2340–2345, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

(EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH对回收光盘PC的增韧研究

采用自制的马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶/线形低密度聚乙烯共混物((EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH),通过熔融共混挤出对回收光盘聚碳酸酯(PC)进行增韧。结果表明,(EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH的加入有效地提高了回收光盘PC的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度。当其加入量为5%时,共混物性能最优,拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别提高到原来的188%和276%。并用扫描电子显微镜对缺口冲击断面进行分析。     

Polyamide-6/Poly(lactic acid) Blends Compatibilized by the Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene-Octene Elastomer

To evaluate the feasibility of a strategy to partially replace polyamide-6 (PA6) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), the morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/PLA blending systems were investigated. Polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) and POE grafted with maleic anhydride (POE-g-MAH) are added to improve the impact strength and elongation at break of the blend. The results show that POE-g-MAH is an effective compatibilizer for PA6/PLA blending system. Compared with the morphology of PA6/PLA/POE, smaller particle size, more homogeneous distribution of domains and improved interfacial adhesion between matrix and domains were observed in the PA6/PLA/POE-g-MAH blending system.     

Study on the microstructures and mechanical behaviour of compatibilized polypropylene/polyamide‐6 blends

A series of blends of polypropylene (PP)–polyamide‐6 (PA6) with either reactive polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE) grafted with maleic anhydride (POE‐g‐MA) or with maleated PP (PP‐g‐MA) as compatibilizers were prepared. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated by means of tensile and impact testing and by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the miscibility of PP–PA6 blends was improved with the addition of POE‐g‐MA and PP‐g‐MA. For the PP/PA6/POE‐g‐MA system, an elastic interfacial POE layer was formed around PA6 particles and the dispersed POE phases were also observed in the PP matrix. Its Izod impact strength was four times that of pure PP matrix, whilst the tensile strength and Young's modulus were almost unchanged. The greatest tensile strength was obtained for PP/PA6/PP‐g‐MA blend, but its Izod impact strength was reduced in comparison with the pure PP matrix. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚苯醚／PA6／弹性体多相共混物的形态结构和冲击性能研究

以ＳＥＢＳ,ＳＥＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ,ＰＯＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ作为增韧改性剂,单独或并用对聚苯醚（ＰＰＯ）／ＰＡ６共混物进行增韧。ＴＥＭ的结果显示,在所制备的多相体系中,ＳＥＢＳ大多被包容在ＰＰＯ分散要中;而ＳＥＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ和ＰＯＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ均分散在ＰＡ６的基体中,形成了多种形态结构。冲击断面下方应力发白区的ＴＥＭ照片上有大量的空穴,表明弹性体的空穴化是诱发剪切带,从而吸引能量的根源。     

The preparation and properties of compatibilized nylon 6/ABS blends using functionalized polybutadiene. Part I: Impact properties

The impact behaviors of nanoclay filled nylon 6 (nano‐nylon 6) or nylon 6 blended with poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) terpolymers (ABS) were investigated here using polybutadiene grafted maleic anhydride (PB‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer to enhance interphase interaction. It is found that impact strength increases slightly for nano‐nylon 6/ABS blend system with the addition of compatibilizer at various ABS compositions, but increases to a certain degree for nylon 6/ABS case. Similar effects are also found with decreasing test temperature, especially at a blend composition of 80/20. These discrepancies are attributed to a different degree of available reaction sites from amine group on nano‐nylon 6 and nylon 6 as well as the rigidity of clay in deteriorating toughness. As for thermal properties, the heat distortion temperature shows marginally decrease in the nano‐nylon 6/ABS blend. Through morphology observations, the etched ABS particle sizes tend to decrease with the additions of compatibilizer for both blends, but are larger with higher contents of ABS concentrations. Those observations account for impact behaviors of the investigated blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1461–1470, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers