AM50镁合金多道次热轧中动态再结晶过程的有限元模拟及实验研究

通过开发用于组织模拟的用户程序,采用有限元软件DEFORM-3D模拟AM50镁合金多道次热轧过程中的组织转变,并通过与实验结果的对比分析证明该用户程序模拟多道次轧制的可行性。结果表明：多道次热轧有助于镁板的晶粒细化及均匀再结晶组织的获得,精轧前的板坯温度对终轧后的晶粒尺寸影响很大,但对晶粒尺寸的分布情况影响不明显。开发的用户程序亦可应用于其他类型多道次热变形过程的模拟研究。     

09MnNiDR低温容器钢奥氏体的静态再结晶行为

通过对09MnNiDR低温压力容器用钢板进行双道次及多道次压缩热模拟试验,研究了等温和非等温条件下奥氏体静态再结晶行为,计算出静态再结晶临界温度（SRCT）、非再结晶温度（Tnr）。分析了试验温度与间隔时间对静态再结晶软化率的影响,同时得出了试验钢静态再结晶激活能,并建立了静态再结晶动力学模型,为制定合理的控轧工艺提供试验和理论依据。     

考虑一道次动态再结晶的二道次热轧仿真

借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA显示有限元分析软件,在双道次热模拟实验的基础上,分别采用忽略一道次动态再结晶的材料模型,和考虑一道次动态再结晶的材料模型,对09CuPTiRE钢的二道次热轧过程进行了三维弹塑性有限元动态模拟。模拟结果表明,一道次动态再结晶,使二道次热轧的应力应变场发生了显著的变化,基于热模拟实验的二道次本构模型,能够正确反映一道次动态再结晶组织演化对二道次热轧变形的影响,基于该种材料模型的二道次热轧仿真模拟,具有较高的精度。     

Prediction of recrystallization behaviors in a steel billet during hot forging

Multi-recrystallizations occurring in a steel billet during hot forging were predicted. The prediction was obtained by coupling rigid thermoviscoplastic finite element analysis and recrystallization modeling equations. The finite element analysis was preformed for nonisothermal deformation as well as heat transfer for the entire forging process. As a result, it was predicted that three or four times of recrystallizations occurred in the billet and that resulting grains varied in size for different locations. The final grain sizes at the locations in the billet were measured and compared with predicted ones. It was found that they were in good agreement.     

A study of the effect of the deformation parameters on recrystallization behavior in the rod rolling process

Rod rolling is a process in which the deformation of the workpiece between the work rolls is quite different from the rod drawing process, but the area strains (natural logarithm of area reduction ratio) multiplied by a constant have been used in the calculation of the pass-by-pass evolution of austenite grain size in rod (or bar) rolling without any verification. Considering that the deformation parameters (strain and strain rate) at a given pass play a crucial role in determining recrystallization behavior, the calculation method for the deformation parameters associated with rod rolling should be examined. In this study, a series of numerical simulations has been carried out using an area strain model [5] and an analytic model [6] which calculate the pass-by-pass strain in the rod rolling process, focusing on the effect of the calculation method for the pass-by-pass strain on the recrystallization behavior and evolution of AGS (austenite grain size) during a given pass. These have been investigated for a six-pass rolling sequence (oval-round or round-oval) designed for this study by incorporating the recrystallization and AGS evolution model being widely used in hot rolling. It was found that the recrystallization behavior and evolution of AGS during a given pass were significantly influenced by the calculation methods for deformation parameters. The area strain model lacks mathematical grounds to be used as input to the equations for recrystallization and AGS evolution.     

ASP热轧过程X70管线钢的组织性能预测模拟

采用物理冶金模型结合二维温度场对ASP(Angang Strip Production)热轧X70管线钢再结晶、相变等物理冶金过程进行了模拟,并结合BP神经网络对最终的力学性能进行了预测.研究表明,实验钢在层流冷却前的奥氏体晶粒尺寸为10～25 pm,板带横断面奥氏体晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,心部的奥氏体晶粒尺寸比角部大15 μm左右;在给定冷却速率的情况下采用前段冷却方式得到的铁素体分数比后段冷却方式大2%～5%;采用BP神经网络可以把伸长率预测结果相对误差标准差提高1.8% ;Si含量0.2%～0.3%成为其对力学性能影响的转折点.     

A multiscale coupled Monte Carlo model to characterize microstructure evolution during hot rolling of Mo-TRIP steel

A multiscale modelling framework has been proposed to characterize microstructure evolution during hot strip rolling of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. The modelling methodology encompasses a continuum dislocation density evolution model coupled with a lumped parameter heat transfer model which has been seamlessly integrated with a mesoscale Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique. The dislocation density model computes the evolution of dislocation density and subsequently constitutive flow stress behaviour has been predicted and successfully validated with the published data. A lumped-parameter transient heat transfer model has been developed to calculate the average strip temperature in the time domain. The heat transfer model incorporates the effect of plastic work for different strain rates in the energy conservation formulation. A coupled initial value problem solver has been developed to integrate the system of stiff ordinary differential equations in the time domain to predict dislocation density and temperature profiles simultaneously. The temporal evolution of microstructure during hot rolling of TRIP steel is simulated by the MC method incorporating thermal and dislocation density data from the continuum models. Simulated microstructural maps, kinetics of recrystallization and grain size evolution have been generated in a 200 × 200 lattice system at different strain rates and temperatures. The simulation code has been implemented in a high-performance grid computing network. The predicted temporal evolution of grain size, recrystallized fractions and flow stress have been validated with the published literature and found to be in good agreement, confirming the predictive capability of the integrated model.     

EF08高合金钢热轧工艺研究

通过相图、轧制理论以及对热轧带钢金相组织的观察,对比分析了EF08钢、410S铁素体不锈钢和304奥氏体不锈钢热轧过程中的变形抗力和动态回复再结晶能力。结果表明：EF08钢奥氏体区在900~1 200 ℃,热轧过程处于奥氏体相区,其动态回复再结晶能力较410S铁素体不锈钢和304奥氏体不锈钢强;EF08钢的粗轧过程轧制特性与304奥氏体不锈钢相近,精轧后几道次与410S铁素体不锈钢类似。     

2020年中国钛、锆产品进出口统计

通过热压缩实验研究了原始晶粒尺寸为厘米级的EB炉流程纯钛在不同变形温度和变形速率下的热变形行为,并基于电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对EB炉流程纯钛的再结晶机制进行了探讨。结果表明：厘米级的EB炉流程纯钛在热变形过程中的加工硬化行为具有典型的“三阶段”特征：第一阶段线性快速下降；第二阶段迅速回升至一个峰值；第三阶段从峰值又开始下降,这与变形过程中的孪生现象有关；EBSD结果表明超粗晶粒纯钛在热变形过程中的再结晶机制主要是非连续动态再结晶。     

元胞自动机在研究模锻叶片动态再结晶中的应用

利用元胞自动机模型研究金属热成形过程中动态回复与再结晶现象,是目前业界关注的热点之一。文章介绍了元胞自动机模型的理论基础和工作原理,并根据叶片模锻成形的特点,综合考虑应变速率、变形温度对再结晶形核率与平均晶粒尺寸,以及终锻冷却对叶片锻件最终组织的影响,在DEFORM-3D平台上,成功地仿真了叶片模锻过程中的微观组织演变,得到了同经典理论分析和物理实验结果吻合较好的动态再结晶动力学特征。     

Cellular automaton simulation of dynamic recrystallization behavior in V-10Cr-5Ti alloy under hot deformation conditions

The deformation behavior of V-10Cr-5Ti alloy was studied on the Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator at the temperatures of 950-1350 °C, and the strain rates of 0.01-10 s^?1. Based on the Arrhenius model, dislocation density model, nucleation model and grain growth model, a numerical cellular automaton (CA) model coupling simulation of hot deformation is established to simulate and characterize the microstructural evolution during DRX. The results show that the flow stress is fairly sensitive to the strain rate and deformation temperature. The error between the predicted stress by the Arrhenius model and the actual measured value is less than 8%. The initial average grain size calculated by the CA model is 86.25 μm, which is close to the experimental result (85.63 μm). The simulations show that the effect of initial grain size on the dynamic recrystallization microstructure evolution is not significant, while increasing the strain rate or reducing the temperature can refine the recrystallized grains.     

应用解析数值法反求热轧过程的传热边界条件

利用宝钢股份的实际生产数据,反求热轧过程的传热边界条件,并应用于板材热轧综合解析数值模型,提高模型计算精度。运用该模型预测轧制规程下各道次轧制温度和轧制力的变化情况。计算结果表明,模型计算得到的轧制力、温度与实测值吻合较好,反求参数与实际相符。     

应变量对HPS485wf钢动态再结晶影响的模拟

采用热模拟压缩实验、热-力耦合刚塑性有限元和动态再结晶唯象模型相结合的方法,以HPS485wf钢为研究对象,模拟了热压缩应变量对该钢试样内部动态再结晶状态及其变化的影响。结果表明：该钢试样内部等效应变、动态再结晶体积分数和平均晶粒尺寸的分布特征与应变量无关;各参量的数值分布特征区域大小与应变量有关,且均经历了相同的扩张过程;动态再结晶参量的数值分布及其变化主要与等效应变的分布及其变化有关,摩擦和温降的影响也不能忽视。     

有限元模拟技术在板带钢轧制中的应用

介绍了板带钢轧制过程中常用的有限元模拟方法的类型,及其近年来在揭示轧制力能参数、温度场、板形控制及板带轧制新技术和新工艺开发中的一些应用实例,并指出其存在的问题和发展前景。     

Twinning, dynamic recovery and recrystallization in the hot rolling process of twin-roll cast AZ31B alloy

Hot-rolling experiments with a reduction from 10% to 60% in single pass were conducted on AZ31B twin-roll cast sheets. Optical microscope (OM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) tests and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to investigate twinning and DRV/DRX behaviors at different stage in the hot-rolling process. Two types of twinning occurred in the initial stage of hot-rolling process. DRV and discontinuous recrystallization dominated at moderate strain while continuous DRX took place homogeneously throughout original grains at the largest strains.     

38MnVS6非调质钢棒材轧后冷却过程中的组织转变

以MSC. Marc有限元分析软件为平台,利用其二次开发功能,结合38MnVS6非调质钢等温转变曲线,建立了38MnVS6非调质钢棒材轧后冷却过程的有限元模型,实现了38MnVS6非调质钢棒材轧后冷却过程温度和相变的耦合计算。通过模拟,得到了棒材轧后冷却过程温度和组织的分布和演变情况。计算得到的组织转变情况与实测结果吻合较好,这对优化38MnVS6非调质钢棒材轧后冷却工艺参数有一定指导意义。     

钢球纵轧成形后滑的研究

基于钢球坯纵轧成形工艺,应用弹塑性有限元法,建立了钢球坯连轧成形的实体模型;模拟了轧件在成形过程中的速度场;通过实验研究了后滑的存在及其影响因素。     

A study of pore closure and welding in hot rolling process

The design of processing conditions to eliminate porosity in steel during hot rolling has become more critical with the advent of continuously cast feed stock. To predict appropriate process parameters, experiments were performed in which holes were drilled in steel slabs, at different depth below the surface perpendicular to the rolling direction. After hot rolling, the state of the deformed holes was examined by optical microscopy. The fracture surfaces of tensile specimens notched in the plane of the closed holes were examined under a scanning electron microscope to investigate the bonding ( welding ) between the surfaces of the closed holes because this bonding is the most important factor indetermining the transverse mechanical properties of the rolled product. The deformation of such holes in the roll gap was modelled as an clastic / plastic plane strain problem using the FE software ABAQUS to investigate the strain and stress around holes and to analyze the conditions required to promote pore closure and welding between the closed surfaces.

Experiment results showed that the rate of pore closure was affected by the parameters of rolling process and the position of holes relative to the rolling contact surfaces. FE simulation of pore closure showed a good agreement with experimental results and showed that a certain level of hydrostatic pressure resulted in the closure of pore and that the holding period of the pressure in the compressive state determined the degree of welding of surface of pores; shear is favourable to this welding.     

A parameters design approach to improve product quality and equipment performance in hot rolling

This study presents the application of parameters design to improve both the product quality and the equipment performance in a hot sheet rolling plant. Three empirical models were developed to predict and explain the relationship between variation in some process parameters and the type and range of product defects together with equipment disorders observed. The investigation is based on the analysis of the results of a set of designed experiments.The most critical process parameters were set at specified values and the effect of the change in these parameters, on rolled sheets quality and rolling equipment performance is evaluated. The three process parameters considered are the reduction ratio (Rd), the slab temperature (T_s), and the exit strip speed (Sp). The quality characteristics considered are: profile and flatness of rolled sheets and distance between chatter marks, the performance indicators considered are: rolling force, vibration measurements, and the rolling mill wear rate.Through optimization of process parameters, it was possible to reduce chattering. Consequently, chatter marks and roll wear were greatly reduced. Product flatness and profile were improved. Plant down time and production scrap was considerably reduced. This investigation proved that it is possible to improve both product quality and equipment performance in the hot rolling plant through the parameters design approach.     

斜轧刚塑性有限元模拟中变形历史处理

在有限元分析中解决了斜轧变形区构形问题。为了解决稳态计算斜轧过程变形历史问题 ,提出了轧制复合道次法 ,为刚塑性有限元提供了处理方法。针对二辊斜轧穿孔中变形区复杂的边界条件和椭圆度、辊型、送进角、孔喉、顶头前伸量等与毛管扭转、滑移等关系做了分析。经实验验证其模拟效果与以往的计算方法计算结果有较大改进