吡啶衍生物及其催化闭环法合成

介绍吡啶衍生物的分类,并详细总结了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的应用及其合成路线。简要分析全球吡啶及其衍生物的生产及市场现状,概述了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的合成技术进展及其合成方法,并对吡啶衍生物的催化闭环法合成进行了介绍。最后指出我国的科研工作者应重视开发具有自主知识产权的吡啶新化合物。     

4—苯氧基吡啶的合成

在对合成4－苯氯基吡啶两种路线对比的基础上,以吡啶,氯化亚砜,苯为原料首先合成4－吡啶基－吡啶氯化物盐酸盐,然后加入氢氧化钠,二氯化锌合成4－吡啶氯化锌,再加入苯酚合成4－苯氧基吡啶进行了实验,并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

吡啶类化学物的市场状况

<正>国内产能逐步扩大渐成投资热点吡啶是苯环上含有一个氮原子所形成的六元杂环化合物,通常将吡啶及其衍生物统称为吡啶类化合物,主要包括吡啶、2-甲基吡啶、3-甲基吡啶、4-甲基吡啶、3,4-二甲基吡啶、2,5-二甲基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶和2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶。吡啶类化合物主要用于生产除草剂百草枯和敌草快、     

吡啶碱类化合物的应用与合成

介绍了吡啶类化合物的主要应用领域,分析了吡啶碱类化合物的国内市场情况,简述了几种合成方法及催化剂开发情况。     

三氯吡啶醇合成副产物四氯吡啶的转化研究

报道了将四氯吡啶转化为三氯吡啶醇的方法。     

吡啶络合法制备六氟磷酸锂

以吡啶络合法制备锂电池的电解质六氟磷酸锂。先用吡啶和六氟磷酸反应制得六氟磷酸吡啶,然后通过锂交换反应得到六氟磷酸吡啶锂,再以四氢呋喃为溶剂、浓硫酸为沉淀剂制得六氟磷酸锂产品。中间产品六氟磷酸吡啶以及最终产品六氟磷酸锂经红外光谱表征证实是目的产物。吡啶和六氟磷酸反应制备六氟磷酸吡啶适宜工艺条件:原料配比即六氟磷酸与吡啶物质的量比为0.8,反应温度为常温,反应时间为2 h。该方法与传统工艺相比,吡啶和六氟磷酸原料无腐蚀性,对设备要求低;选用水作为溶剂,廉价易得;所得产物稳定,产物中的杂质容易去除。     

吡啶碱催化剂进展

阐述了发展我国合成吡啶工业的必要性和紧迫性，介绍了国外吡啶催化剂的研究进展，提出了开展最新过滤金属离子改性沸石催化剂研究的建议。     

二甲基和甲基乙基吡啶的侧链金属化和烃化反应的研究

２，５－，２，６－二甲基和２－甲基－５－乙基吡啶在无水乙醚中和金属钠形成的吡啶自由基负离子钠络的能使二甲基和甲基乙基吡啶ａ－位的碳原子进行侧链金属反应，然后和卤代烃作用，得一吡啶环侧链延长子的烃化产物。合成出１５种烷基、芳烷基和氨烷基吡啶新化合物。     

吡啶及吡啶的衍生物

介绍吡啶、吡啶衍生物的性质及以其为原料合成部分农药、医药、重要有机原料的方法．     

吡啶衍生产品开发方兴未艾

吡啶类化合物主要有吡啶、2－甲基吡啶、3－甲基吡啶、4－甲基吡啶及它们的衍生物，是生产高附加值精细化工产品的重要原料，可广泛应用于医药，农药，染料，香料，饲料添加剂，食品添加剂，橡胶助剂及合成材料等领域，深加工前景广阔。     

依达拉奉联合用法舒地尔治疗88例缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法对治疗组88例患者,对照组40例患者均给予脑梗死常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用依达拉奉联合盐酸法舒地尔,观察记录2组患者治疗前后症状、体征,神经功能缺损程度评分等各项指标。结果本研究中,2组患者接受治疗后均有明显疗效,但治疗组在神经功能缺损程度评分、有效患者例数和总有效率上均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中可清除自由基,使脑梗死区域缺血半暗带的神经细胞功能得以恢复,减轻神经功能的损伤,有效的治疗缺血性脑卒中,效果明显,且无明显不良反应,适合在脑梗死临床治疗上推广。     

The vibration welding of poly(butylene terephthalate) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend to each other and to other resins and blends

Vibration welding is used to assess the weldability of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend (PC/PBT) to each other and to other resins and blends: PBT to PC/PBT, PBT to modified poly(phenylene oxide) (M-PPO), PBT to polyetherimide (PEI) and PEI to a 65 wt% mineral-filled polyester blend (65-PF-PEB), PBT to a poly(phenylene oxide)/polyamide blend (PPO/PA), PC/PBT to M-PPO, and PC/PBT to PPO/PA. Based on the tensile strength of the weaker of the two materials in each pair, the following relative weld strengths have been demonstrated: PBT to PC/PBT,98%; PBT to PEI, 95%; 65-PF-PEB to PEI, 92%; and PC/PBT to M-PPO, 73%. PBT neither welds to M-PPO nor to PPO/PA, and PC/PBT does not weld to PPO/PA.     

基于大数据分析的废旧塑料利用率算法

概述了我国废旧塑料再生利用现状及应用领域,通过大数据回归分析建立了废旧塑料利用率的算法模型,测算我国2009—2019年的废旧塑料利用率.2009—2014年,废旧塑料利用率从12.0％升至16.0％,2015—2019年略微下降.2009—2015年,塑料回收利用量持续增长,2016年,回收利用量有所下降,2017—...     

Developments in coatings for military vehicles

Conclusions  The MOD operates a wide range of transportation equipment and to ensure that these systems are able to operate in a range of environments a suite of advanced coatings are needed. Environmental legislation has provided a major impetus to introduce new coatings but in addition to the introduction of materials with low solvent contents it has provided an opportunity to introduce materials with improved performance. Unique to the military environment is the need to develop new materials with specific properties to counteract electromagnetic surveillance techniques. In order to undertake this work, knowledge relating to the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter as well as paint technology is needed. A third driver in the pursuit of advanced coatings is the need to seek cost effective technology in an age when government departments are under pressure to provide greatest value for money.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

绿色环保意识的趋向

随着消费者环保意识的提高,人们除了认清绿色环保能对社会和全世界起到巨大的促进作用,还认为绿色环保能够直接、积极地反映其社会地位,在某种程度上反映出消费者自己的绿色环保意识。介绍了消费者对"绿色化"的认识,对"绿色产品"的期望以及生产厂家对"绿色原料"的认证和对"可持续发展"所做的贡献。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

Adhesives in construction: A contractor's viewpoint

The development of epoxy- and polyester-based adhesives has dramatically widened the scope of adhesive bonding in the civil engineering industry but the technology of the adhesives used has often been more appropriate to the workshop than to the construction site. There is a need for the suppliers of structural adhesives to recognize this and to develop compositions and application techniques more amenable to site use. It is equally necessary for the construction industry to make more effort to understand these materials, to take advantage of their outstanding properties, and hence to use them successfully for the construction and repair of concrete structures.     

可编程控制器编程技巧

PLC软件编制思路及方法为：理解工程图纸中各种原理图；熟悉工艺流程，编写逻辑框图，软件重点应用考虑故障；以“点”带“面”进行编程；程序调试。     

An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding

Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.