高效节能红外炉的应用与改进

本文阐述了作为国家级推广新技术的高效节能红外炉应用多年的效果。此炉以高发射率红外涂料为核心，采用红外电阻带及红外复合炉衬，节能２０￣４０％以上，并显著提高工效和温度均匀性；讨论了获得这些效果的条件及机理，报道了此炉在使用中出现的问题及其改进措施。     

3M-21型煤气发生炉炉底的改造

3M- 2 1型煤气发生炉在运行中存在炉底跑气现象 ,使其管线及炉体底部零部件损坏、腐蚀严重 ,设备运行周期短。论述了炉底改造 ,改造后炉底的结构简单 ,杜绝了跑气故障 ,设备运行周期大大延长 ,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益     

3M—21型煤气发生炉炉底的改造

３Ｍ－２１型煤气发生炉在运行中存在炉底跑气现象,使其管线及炉体底部零部件损坏、腐蚀严重,设备运行周期短。论述了炉底改造,改造后炉底的结构简单,杜绝了跑气故障,设备运行周期大大延长,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

硅单晶炉副室清炉机构设计

为了解决现有硅单晶炉副炉室清理中存在的问题,提高清炉的效率,降低工人的劳动强度,设计了一种方便的清炉机构.该机构操作简单、方便、实用.     

浅谈如何提升中频炉炉龄

根据中频炉的特点,结合我厂实际生产情况,通过优化筑炉及烧结工艺,改善筑炉工具,改进加料小车,完善日常维护管理办法等一系列措施,大幅提升了中频炉炉龄。     

半水冷电弧炉炉盖

我厂有3台电弧炉(5t炉1台,1.5t炉2台),主要承担我厂泵类产品的铸钢件及铸钢锭的生产任务。针对电弧炉炼钢过程中存在的熔炼时间长,炉盖寿命短等问题,我们研制了一种半水冷电弧炉炉盖,其结构如图所示。炉盖从1987年2月正式投入生产使用后,效果很好。     

炉卷轧机的发展与完善

本文介绍了炉卷轧机的发展进程及几种当并新技术工艺，归纳和总结出炉卷轧机设备，技术工艺及自动化几方面出现的重大进步及改善，指出在克服其以往自身不足的炉卷轧机正以及其新的生机而获世人瞩目。炉卷轧机的最新发展与完善将对我国当前小型热带钢轧机机建设有一定的促进作用。     

高炉炉况检测与诊断专家系统

为实现炉况断判自动化与操作标准化，笔者利用人工智能及模糊数学的思想和方法，开发高炉炉况检测与诊断专家系统。研究了系统的知识表达，组成与结构。本系统能对高炉常见的１０种异常炉况及时进行检测和诊断，且具有一定的超前预报功能，并利用问题的知识背业著提高了系统的求解效率。该系统目前菜成型系统，具有知识维护，知识咨询与解释功能以及友好的人机界面。     

大型锻造加热炉炉拱的设计

本文通过对不同材料的截面形状的加热炉炉拱进行理论分析并联系实际进行验算，得到既经济、结构合理且强度高的炉拱，从而延长了炉拱的使用寿命。     

6t中频炉筑炉工艺改进及维护

我厂两台6t无芯中频炉是中美和资的彼乐公司所生产,在使用两年多的时间里,大大提高了铁液供应量,解决了以往铁液供应不足而影响生产的现象。但以往每次筑炉需用10～15h,每筑一次炉使用的炉次为(150±10)次,使用的筑炉材料为比较昂贵的进口成品砂。因此,如何改进筑炉方法以及对中频炉维护保养,减少原材料成本,提高劳动效率,已成为人们关注的问题。     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

软体足式机器人驱动、建模与仿真研究综述

软体足式机器人因其优越的移动性能及面对复杂地形的通过能力受到越来越多研究者的关注。由于受到材料性质、驱动方法及制造工艺等多方面的限制,如何实现软体足式机器人的创新结构设计,提升软体机器人的运动速度和负载能力是目前亟待解决的问题之一。综述从仿生结构与驱动方法的角度对目前软体足式机器人的研究发展进行了系统阐述。由于软体机器人多为连续变形结构,加之软材料的物理非线性和软结构变形的几何非线性,力学建模与仿真一直是软体机器人研究领域的瓶颈。梳理了目前软体机器人的主要建模理论,总结了软体机械臂的建模与控制方法,进一步将其拓展到软体足式机器人的系统建模中。介绍了传统商业软件的应用与物理仿真引擎开发的进展,分析了软体机器人虚拟仿真的主要方法,展望了软体足式机器人的应用场景与未来研究方向。     

缩口扩口复合成型工艺研究与应用

针对铁路车辆罐车零件锥管缩口、扩口的成型特点,用冲压成型缩口、扩口的力学分析及变形原理进行工艺计算与研究,找出该零件废品率高的原因。通过改进工艺毛坯（钢管）的外径与壁厚尺寸,用冲压成型缩口、扩口工艺理论及图表进行论证分析,并进行试制,取得了较好的效果。     

Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]     

增压器涡轮叶片疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法

根据径流式增压器涡轮的结构与工作特点,分析了涡轮叶片的载荷与应力空间分布特征;针对增压器涡轮由疲劳与蠕变交互作用引起的叶根断裂失效模式,研究了增压器涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力变化历程,建立了涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力描述方法;然后建立了增压器涡轮叶片叶根疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法及模型,并运用建立的模型对增压器涡轮叶片叶根进行了寿命评估。     

二维运动平台气浮静压导轨承载性能计算与研究

为了进一步探索和研究气浮静压润滑支承机理及气浮静压导轨承载性能,提出并研制了一种具有气浮静压润滑支承的精密二维运动平台。结合气浮静压导轨的物理模型建立了其笛卡儿坐标系下的控制方程,采用有限差分方法和流量平衡原理对其控制方程进行了离散差分推导,运用超松弛迭代以及二分快速寻找收敛区间法对其承载性能进行数值计算并开展了实验研究。结果表明：气浮静压导轨承载性能受节流器类型的影响比较显著,多节流孔节流器的承载性能明显优于单节流孔节流器;供气压力对气浮静压导轨承载性能影响显著,供气压力越高其承载性能越强;同等条件下气浮静压导轨组合形式承载性能均优于单独形式承载性能;气浮静压导轨的承载性能实验测试结果和数值计算结果具有较好的一致性,验证了数值计算的有效性。相关研究对推动和促进气浮静压轴承和导轨在精密运动机构和测量设备的研究和工程应用具有较好的借鉴和指导意义。     

基于刚柔耦合的高方平筛动力学建模与振动模态分析

针对高方平筛和其上固结的柔性吊杆组成的动力学系统,进行了刚柔耦合的动力学建模和振动模态分析。将筛体—偏重块系统和吊杆分别作为刚体和弹性的可变形体,建立了筛体稳态圆振动方程和吊杆悬臂梁力学模型,总结出系统固有频率的计算方法。在此基础上,采用有限元方法对系统进行了模态计算和动力学响应分析。结果表明,理论模型能够很好地反映筛体与吊杆之间的动力学耦合关系;以理论分析为基础的载荷和边界条件的设置,使有限元仿真结果较准确地模拟了系统实际的振动特性。     

基于中间件的MES与BOM信息集成方式研究

以某飞机工业集团的复合材料公司MES系统研发为背景,分析了MES系统同PDM系统集成的必要性,探讨了信息集成的2种方式——基于XML中间文件的集成和基于企业服务总线的集成方式。详细论述了这2种集成方式实现MES系统与PDM系统间的集成过程,并分析了二者之间的优缺点。在进一步研究中间件集成技术的基础上,系统通过XML文档库和Websphere消息代．理宴聊．了MFS与BOM之间信熙的集成．