Al—P中间合金变质剂在Al—Si活塞合金中的应用

在生产条件下比较了用Al-P中间合金与磷盐变质剂处理共晶和过共晶Al-Si合金的工艺特点、变质效果、力学性能和综合成本等，结果表明：使用Al-P中间合金操作方便，变质效果好、且稳定、力学性能也有不同程度的提高，而且该中间合金无渣、无污染，其使用可以实现生产过程的“零时间”变质处理，节约能源，提高生产效率，提高合金的实收率，降低产品的综合成本，有着良好的应用前景。     

氢含量对Al-P中间合金变质效果的影响

利用测氢仪等测试手段研究了 ZL1 0 9熔体中氢含量对 Al- P中间合金变质效果的影响。结果表明 ,在相同的铸造条件下 ,变质后合金中熔体氢含量越高 ,初晶 Si晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸和最大晶粒尺寸越大。保温时间过长合金熔体有吸氢倾向 ,初晶 Si尺寸有增大趋势。在精炼处理充分的条件下 ,Al- P中间合金的变质效果可保持 3 0小时不失效     

TiC对新型Al-P中间合金变质效果的促进作用

本文研究了自制新型Al-P中间合金对共晶及过共晶Al-Si的变质作用。发现该Al-P中间合金对共晶及过共晶Al-Si合金都具有优良的变质效果。同时还发现，当铝合金熔体中存在TiC颗粒时，Al-P中间合金对两类Al-Si合金的变质效果会增强。当Al-24Si合金中TiC含量为0.03%时，初晶Si的平均尺寸由原来的47μm降为41μm，最大尺寸由原来的75μm降为55μm；加入Al-P中间合金和TiC颗粒后50分钟，就可以出现变质效果，时间再延长，变质效果也不会有更大的提高，当Al-12Si合金中TiC含量为0.03%时，初晶Si的平均尺寸幅度原来的50μm降为30μm,Al-P中间合金变质剂在铝合金活塞中有较好的应用。     

铝硅合金磷变质工艺的研究

本文在研究开发红梅-1号多功能磷复合变质剂、红梅-2号磷酸盐块状变质剂和红梅-3号特种合金磷变质剂的基础上，紧密联系活塞生产的实际，对Al-Si合金采用磷变质的各项工艺参数进行了研究探讨，重点对应用红梅-3号的工艺参数进行了研究探讨；同时，对磷变质相关的几个理论性的问题作了阐述，并对ZLl08和ZLl09合金成分的工艺配比提出了我们的建设性意见，希望对从事活塞生产已经和准备采用磷变质的厂家有一定指导意义。     

红梅-3号特种合金磷变质剂的研制与应用

为满足铝活塞产品质量的需要，继“红梅—1号多功能磷复合变质剂”和“红梅—2号磷酸盐块状变质剂”后，我们又新研制开发了多相长故、环保型“红梅—3号特种合金磷变质剂”。这是一种高技术合量的新型以—Si合金磷变质剂，无论在产品质量上、使用性能上还是变质效果可与国外生产的P——Cu棒变质剂媲美。     

过共晶Al-Si合金的双重变质处理

过共晶AI-18％Si合金中加入适当比例的AI-3．5％P中间合金、AI-10％RE以及AI-8％Ba进行变质处理，能同时细化初晶Si和共晶Si，在加入变质剂90分钟时，初晶硅颗粒数量多，分布均匀，而且尺寸细小，共晶Si由片状变为珊瑚状，热处理后，初晶Si更加圆滑，共晶Si呈点状分布，达到了良好的双重变质效果。     

Al-Si-P中间合金对过共晶Al-Si活塞合金的高效细化处理

研究了Al-11Si-4.5P中间合金对过共晶Al-18Si合金的细化处理,并将其磷吸收量与Cu-8P中间合金和磷盐进行了比较。结果表明,Al-11Si-4.5P中间合金对过共晶Al-18Si合金具有显著细化效果。此外,发现在相同细化条件下,Al-11Si-4.5P中间合金的磷吸收量要远远高于其他含磷细化剂。该中间合金具有细化效果好、长效、无污染、使用简便和使用成本低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种从Al-Si活塞合金中除Ca的新方法

研究了一种从Al-Si活塞合金中除Ca的新方法.结果表明：向经P变质处理的合金熔体中加入Al-C中间合金能使Ca含量显著降低,并使P的变质效果得到恢复.     

CX型锶盐长效复合变质剂在ZL104合金中的试验

作者研制的锶盐长效复合变质剂用于ZL104合金,对共晶硅的变质效果良好,提高了合金的力学性能。变质处理时,没有潜伏期,有效时间达7小时以上,对生产环境无污染。     

新型Al-P中间合金对活塞合金中初晶Si的团球化

研制出一种新型 Al- P中间合金 ,结果表明 :该中间合金不仅具有无污染、无渣、操作简便和变质效果稳定等优点 ;而且合理地使用该中间合金时 ,可使初晶 Si晶粒得到团球化 ,提高活塞的金相等级 ,提高质量 ,降低废品率 ,有着广阔的应用前景。     

高速铰削双层合金材料的硬质合金铰刀

阐述叶片叶轮两种不同性能合金钢装配后的铆钉孔铰削问题,论述了加工铆钉孔用铰刀材料选择及刀具结构和几何角度设计,给出加工铆钉孔的工艺参数,说明了使用效果。     

Self-standing foam-like Pd-based alloys nanostructures for efficient electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

In this work, self-standing binary porous PdM (M = Ni, Fe and Co) foam-like nanostructures are rationally designed by a rapid and one-step aqueous-solution method, including ice co-reduction of metal precursors using sodium borohydride. Amongst the tested PdM nanostructures, the PdNi nanostructures delivered a superior alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) activity and stability than those of PdFe, PdCo, and commercial Pd/C catalysts. The EOR mass activity of PdNi (4.81 A/mg_Pd) was 1.32, 1.51, and 24.05-folds of PdFe (3.62 A/mg_Pd), PdCo (3.19 A/mg_Pd) and Pd/C (0.2 A/mg_Pd), respectively based on equal Pd mass loading. This was attributed to the lower synergetic effect of PdNi, which enhanced activation/dissociation of H₂O to afford OH- species required for fast EOR kinetics; meanwhile, porous foam-like nanostructure improved electron mobility and increased accessible active sites. This study reveals that low synergism in porous PdM nanocrystals is beneficial for augmenting the EOR activity, which may allow the design of other binary Pd-based alloys for various electrocatalytic reactions.     

合金加料系统及智能控制

主要介绍炼钢合金加料系统的组成及其功能,合金加料系统自动控制。     

硬质合金铰刀加工铜镍合金

阐述铜镍合金管板孔铰削问题，论述了加工该铜镍合金管板孔用铰刀材料选择及刀具结构和几何角度设计，给出加工铜镍合金管板孔的工艺参数，说明了使用效果。     

Influence of alloying on the catalytic performance of Ni–Al catalyst prepared from hydrotalcite-like compounds for methane decomposition

Cobalt-, iron-, and copper-substituted nickel-aluminum hydrotalcite-like compounds (Ni_2.7Co_0.3Al, Ni_2.7Fe_0.3Al, Ni_2.7Cu_0.3Al HTlcs) have been synthesized and used as precursors to prepare Ni–Co, Ni–Fe, and Ni–Cu alloy catalysts for methane decomposition. The catalysts before and after reaction were characterized with various techniques including XRD, H₂-TPR, HAADF-STEM-EDX, SEM, TEM, and Raman. The characterization results indicate that upon calcination HTlcs are transformed into a mixed oxide solid solution, where cobalt, copper, and iron ions are incorporated into the nickel oxide, and the reduction treatment leads to composition-uniform alloy particles. In methane decomposition at 600 °C, alloying Ni with Co, Fe, and especially Cu is found to enhance the catalytic life and carbon yield. The order of activity is Ni_2.7Cu_0.3Al >> Ni_2.7Fe_0.3Al > Ni_2.7Co_0.3Al > Ni₃Al in terms of carbon yield, highlighting that Ni–Cu alloying is the most effective. Besides, Ni–Cu alloying remarkably changes the carbon morphology, giving carbon nanofibers as the main product. TEM and STEM measurements suggest that Ni–Cu alloy particles are readily aggregated into big particles (>60 nm) under the reaction conditions, which may be responsible for the significant effect of Ni–Cu alloying.     

Ethanol oxidation on carbon supported (PtSn)alloy/SnO2 and (PtSnPd)alloy/SnO2 catalysts with a fixed Pt/SnO2 atomic ratio: Effect of the alloy phase characteristics

To evaluate the effect of the alloy phase characteristics on the ethanol oxidation activity, carbon supported (PtSnPd)_alloy/SnO₂ catalysts were prepared and their electrocatalytic activity compared with that of carbon supported (PtSn)_alloy/SnO₂. Pt-Sn-Pd/C samples in the atomic ratio (1:1:0.3) and (1:1:1) were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis shows the presence of fcc Pt reflexions, shifted to lower angles, and SnO₂ reflexions. By comparison with the XRD patterns of carbon supported Pt-Sn (1:1) and Pt-Pd (3:1) samples, prepared by the same method, the formation of ternary PtSnPd alloys is postulated. The crystallite size of the ternary catalysts is smaller than that of both binary Pt-Sn/C (1:1) and Pt-Pd/C (3:1) catalysts. Chronoamperometry experiments and tests in direct ethanol fuel cells of the as-prepared catalysts shows that the activity for ethanol oxidation of (PtSn)_alloy/SnO₂ is higher than that of (PtSnPd)_alloy/SnO₂. This result, obtained with the same Pt/SnO₂ atomic ratio in all the samples, indicates the critical role of the alloy phase characteristics of these catalysts on their activity for ethanol oxidation.     

Hydrogen release from hydrolysis of borazane on Pt- and Ni-based alloy catalysts

Two types of Pt- and Ni-based alloy catalysts were synthesized and comparatively tested for hydrogen generation from aqueous borazane (ammonia- borane, _BH3NH3)${\mathrm{BH}}_3{\mathrm{NH}}_3)$ solution. The experimental results demonstrated that hydrogen release rates from some of the Pt alloys such as PtRu and PtAu are nearly 9 times higher than those from pure Pt surface, and similarly, most of the Ni alloy catalysts exhibit greatly enhanced catalytic activities than pure Ni catalyst. Particularly, hydrogen release from NiAg-catalyzed _BH3NH3${\mathrm{BH}}_3{\mathrm{NH}}_3$ hydrolysis can complete quickly at room temperature showing a stable hydrogen yield at _H2/_BH3NH3ratio=2.9${\mathrm{H}}_2/{\mathrm{BH}}_3{\mathrm{NH}}_3\mathrm{ratio}=2.9$ (molar ratio), corresponding to 8.7 wt % hydrogen release. Since the Ni alloy catalysts are less costly and highly efficient, it is feasible to use the Ni alloy catalysts for practical hydrogen generation in portable applications.     

Al-P中间合金的变质特性及变质机理探讨

通过在众多活塞厂家应用表明：A1-P中间合金无污染、无反应渣，变质效果好且稳定；节约能源，降低铝耗，综合成本低，克服了当前变质的缺点，有着广阔的应用前景。本文还探讨了A1-P中间合金的变质机理。