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以太钢新建4 350m3高炉为例,论述了为实现高炉炉缸炉底的长寿,从高炉的设计、选材和砌筑等方面采取的一系列措施。炉缸设计采用"传热法",炉底设计采用"隔热法",炉缸炉底整体设计采用了"扬冷避热梯度布砖法"。炉缸选材使用优质高导热系数的碳砖,为了克服冷却壁与碳砖之间捣打料带来较大热阻,砌筑过程中碳砖采用顶砌冷却壁方式,并且严格控制砖衬宽度;炉壳与冷却壁采用分段灌浆。通过建立炉缸炉底传热数学模型,进一步表明了该高炉炉缸炉底优良的性能,投产后1 150℃等温线位于炉缸砖衬热面附近,有利于渣铁壳的形成;同时碳砖内部温度普遍低于750℃,温度梯度较小,碳砖脆化及热应力对砖衬的破坏作用较轻,为日后实现长寿炉缸炉底创造了必要的条件。 相似文献
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鞍钢7号高炉应用自熵碳砖的实践证明,自焙碳砖能够避免因温差不同引起的碳砖环形断裂和炉底热应力造成的蒜头状蚀损。但自焙碳砖在一定条件下也能形成脆化层,原因是自焙烧不充分时,碱金属侵蚀和渗铁的双重作用。 相似文献
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合理的炉缸冷却制度是保证大型高炉长寿的基础,不同冷却制度对高炉炉缸的温度分布和侵蚀状况具有直接影响.结合某4000 m3级高炉,根据传热学理论建立了高炉炉缸、炉底温度场物理模型和数学模型,通过数值模拟对"大水量、小温差"和"小水量、大温差"这两种不同炉缸冷却制度进行了研究,分析了不同冷却制度对炉缸温度场、炉缸侵蚀状况及高炉寿命的影响.结果表明,在炉役初期砖衬较厚时,不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响区别不大;随着砖衬的不断减薄,不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响逐渐明显;当砖衬侵蚀到一定程度后,再好的冷却也无济于事,但采用"大水量、小温差"并加强冷却可以减缓砖衬的侵蚀,延长高炉寿命. 相似文献
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影响高炉炉底炉缸炭砖使用寿命的因素 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
对影响高炉炉底、炉缸炭砖使用寿命的因素进行了分析,认为作为长寿高炉炉底、炉缸炭砖必须具备高抗热应力、高抗碱金属侵蚀、高抗CO分解侵蚀、高抗铁水渗透、高抗氧化性能以及高抗铁水溶蚀性能。 相似文献
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高炉侵蚀归根结底是动量传输、热量传输和质量传输这三传的问题。如果炉底热面凝结一层渣铁壳,将有利于高炉长寿。目前,虽然已经有了许多数值求解三维导热微分方程的软件,但对于设计人员来说,快速评估所设计炉底热面能否形成渣铁壳有重要意义。笔者利用一维温度场分析(热阻分析)方法,通过炉底各层对冷却水冷却能力及1 150 ℃等温线的影响,估测渣铁壳的形成。最终得到影响炉底侵蚀的限制性环节,为优化高炉炉底结构设计,提高高炉寿命奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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The blast furnace (BF) campaign life, which is limited by the hearth erosion, will be decisive for the process to maintain its dominance in ore‐based iron production, so timely prediction of the hearth erosion and proper measures to protect the hearth are important issues. The erosion at the hearth bottom has not received much attention, even though the region is believed to be the most vulnerable part of the hearth. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to deepen the understanding of iron flow and refractory erosion at the bottom of the hearth. Key boundary and internal conditions, such as slag–iron interface and dead man state, are provided by a BF drainage model which reproduces the tapping process. Simulations with the CFD model illustrate how different factors affect the flow pattern, hearth erosion profile, and bottom breakage ratio. It is shown that the dead man state plays an important role for the flow behavior and erosion conditions in the hearth. The model is demonstrated to predict two erosion types that are commonly encountered in practice. 相似文献
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炉缸内铁水流动产生的剪应力对炉缸内衬的侵蚀有重要影响。为此,以流体力学有关理论为基础,建立了炉缸炉底三维流体数学模型,应用CFX软件,研究了不同时期的炉缸剪应力的变化;由于铁水环流对炉缸的侧壁以及炉缸侧壁与炉底交界部位的冲刷作用较强,因此在炉缸侧壁和炉底位置修砌一道环形档坝,观察其对炉底剪应力的影响。结果表明,炉底出铁口近端受到的剪应力较大,而在出铁口远端炉底剪切应力最小;炉底剪应力随着死铁层深度的增大而减小;增加档坝可以有效地减轻炉底受到的剪应力,炉底剪应力越大,增加档坝后减轻的炉底受到的剪应力值越大。 相似文献
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延长高炉寿命、提高单炉产量、降低燃料比是推动当代炼铁技术进步的主要动力。高炉使用铜冷却壁后,高炉寿命的限制性环节逐渐从炉身下部、炉腰、炉腹等高热负荷区域转向炉缸。通过对炉缸温度场、流场以及灌浆过程应力分布的模拟,系统研究了近年来国内外连续发生的多起炉缸炉底烧穿事故,结果表明:铁口两侧下方300~500mm是铁水冲刷最严重的部位;炉缸结构不合理、冷却系统不匹配、耐火材料质量差以及炉缸监测缺失是影响炉缸寿命的主要因素;减小灌浆压力及灌浆面积有利于减小砖衬热面的应力。此外对炉缸烧穿后的挖补给出了操作指导。 相似文献
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文章介绍了八钢公司2500m3高炉,因炉前泥炮液压油管泄漏引起着火,致使部分炉底碳砖及炉缸碳砖温度检测元件热电偶及补偿导线被烧毁的问题。因其是在砌筑炉体时一次性埋入的,无法抽出更换多芯型铠装热,根据现场实际情况,制定了现场损坏的多点铠装热电偶进行修复的方法。 相似文献
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COREX是目前应用最多、最成功的熔融还原炼铁工艺,也是唯一实现工业化生产的熔融还原炼铁工艺.与高炉炉缸相同,COREX熔融气化炉炉缸的工作状况也是影响其寿命的关键.因此,对炉缸内铁水流场进行分析是十分必要的.本文采用FLUENT对炉缸内铁水流动状态进行数值模拟与分析,得到了一些因素对铁水流场的影响规律:死料柱沉坐与浮起对流场影响较大,浮起时,通过炉底的铁水流量明显增加,对炉底的冲刷增强,但减少了对炉缸侧壁以及“象脚”部位的冲刷侵蚀;死料柱孔隙度越小,炉缸侧壁和炉缸底部无焦区铁水流速越大, 炉缸侵蚀越严重;适当减小出铁口直径,能有效降低侵蚀速度;此外出铁口角度对铁水流场影响较小. 相似文献
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Fu-ming ZHANG 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》2013,20(9):53-60
At the beginning of 1990s, Shougang blast furnaces (BFs) No. 2, No. 4, No. 3 and No. 1 were rebuilt sequently for new technological modernization in succession. The campaign life of BFs No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 reaches 16. 4, 17. 6 and 15. 6 years, respectively, and the hot metal output of one campaign reaches 33. 8, 35. 48 and 26. 37 Mt, respectively; the hot metal output of BF effective volume of one campaign reaches 13328, 13991 and 12560 t/m3, respectively, which reaches the international advanced level of BF high efficiency and long campaign life. In BF designing, several advanced BF long campaign technologies were adopted. BF proper inner profile was optimized, reasonable inner profile was adopted, and closed circulating soften water cooling technology was applied in 4 BFs. Double row cooling pipe high efficiency cooling stave was developed which could prolong the service life of bosh, belly and stack. Hot pressed carbon brick and ceramic cup hearth lining structure were applied and optimized. BF operation was improved continuously to ensure stable and smooth operation of BF. Hearth working condition control was strengthened, burden distribution control technology was applied to achieve reasonable distribution of gas flow, and heat load monitoring was strengthened to maintain BF reasonable working inner profile. Proper maintenance at the end of BF campaign was enhanced. Hearth and bottom service life was prolonged by adding titaniferous material and enhancing hearth cooling. Gunning of lining was carried out periodically for the area above tuyere zone. 相似文献