Spatial Decision Support System for Watershed Management

A prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) is presented for watershed management. The SDSS integrates landuse/landcover derived from the remote sensing data, real-time hydrological data, geographic information system, and a model-based subsystem for computing soil loss, land capability classification and engineering measures. A graphical user interface has been developed to allow effective use by decision makers. The model-based subsystem employs a process-based soil erosion model to compute soil loss in spatial environment. Computed pixel-based soil loss information is an input to the land capability classification and watershed management modules. The developed SDSS can help the end users in avoiding the laborious procedures of soil erosion calculations and analysing various thematic layers to get suitable watershed management practices. The SDSS for watershed management is applied to the Tones watershed in India to compute soil loss, to prioritise watersheds, and to suggest various watershed management practices.     

Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Watershed Prioritization Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Technique and GIS

Watershed prioritization based on the natural resources and physical processes involves locating critical areas of erosion, which produce maximum sediment yield to take up conservation activities on priority basis. The present study was taken up with a specific objective of prioritization of micro-watersheds using Multi-Criteria Decision Approach – Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based SYI model (AHPSYI) under GIS environment for a case study area of Mayurakshi watershed in India. This method basically uses information of Potential Erosion Index (PEI) and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), indicative of transport capacity. In the present study, sediment delivery factors viz., topography, vegetation cover, proximity to water courses and soil were translated into GIS layers and integrated using Boolean conditions to create a data layer of spatially distributed SDIs’ across the watershed. For assessment of PEI, important watershed parameters viz., land use/land cover, soil, slope, and drainage density maps were integrated in the GIS environment using Weighted Linear Combination method (WLC) by assigning weights to themes and ranks to features of individual theme using AHP technique. A comparison between AHPSYI based sub watershed prioritization map with that of prioritization map based on the observed sediment yield data revealed that about 78 % of the area showed concurrence. Thus, it can be inferred that the watershed prioritization based on only thematic layers can be dependable to maximum extent. Subsequently, proposed approach was adopted for prioritization of the study area at micro watershed scale, where area under high and very high categories together constitutes around 33 % of the study area. Around 100 micro-watersheds out of 276 watersheds are under moderate to very high category respectively, signifying the need for watershed management.     

A Fuzzy Group Decision Making Framework Based on ISM-FANP-FTOPSIS for Evaluating Watershed Management Strategies

Water Resources Management - Watershed planning and management is a complex process due to existing different influential criteria in social, economic and environmental sectors as well as...     

A Diagnostic Decision Support System for BMP Selection in Small Urban Watershed

Best Management Practices (BMPs) have become the most effective way to mitigate non-point source pollution (NPS) issues. Much attention has been paid to NPS in rural areas, where agricultural activities increase nutrients, toxics, and sediments in surface water. Stormwater from urban areas is also a major contributor to NPS pollution. For watersheds bearing various soil types and land uses, a single type of BMP cannot be the panacea to all stormwater problems. To solve these problems, a Diagnostic Decision Support System (DDSS) was developed in this research. The DDSS can identify and locate the most critical NPS areas (hotspots) within a watershed in high spatial resolution. The DDSS can provide a series of spatially distributed small-scale BMPs which are effective in treating the NPS and are suitable for the physical environment. The BMPs, varying in types and locations, are recommended at HRU (Hydrologic Response Unit) level. The DDSS was tested in Watts Branch, a small urban watershed of the Anacostia River in metropolitan Washington D.C., USA. The process-based hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used to simulate watershed responses. The simulation results were then used by the DDSS for BMP recommendation. Hotspots of different NPS were successfully located and prescribed with spatially distributed BMPs. The DDSS serves as a useful tool to better understand urban watersheds and to make proper stormwater management plans.     

Flood Vulnerability Analysis by Fuzzy Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Making

Prioritization the sub-basins available in a basin to flood vulnerability analysis can be discussed in the form of a spatial multi criteria decision making (SMCDM) problem. In this research a fuzzy planning support system based on the spatial analysis using tow multi criteria decision making methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS (Technique for order-preference by similarity to ideal solution) is used. AHP method is used to determine the structure of decision making process and to estimate criteria weights and TOPSIS model is used to rank the sub-basins of Tehran urban basin as a study area regarding the flood vulnerable areas. Also in order to perform spatial analysis for decision-making process, a developed toolbox is used within the Geographic Information System (GIS). In this research a model is presented in which some vague concepts such as weight of decision making criteria are expressed in the form of linguistic variables to be converted to triangular fuzzy numbers. Finally, the sensitivity of model was analyzed by changing the weights of decision making criteria and providing of ranking scenarios. The results show the optimum alternatives for mitigation flood vulnerability in the study area.

     

Multi Objective Sustainable Irrigation Planning with Decision Parameters and Decision Variables Fuzzy in Nature

This paper presents the Multi Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) model, which deals with the fuzziness in resources and decision variables, closer to the real world situation. The MOFLP model is developed and applied to the Jayakwadi Project Stage-I built across the river Godavari in the State of Maharashtra, India. It focuses on the four objectives namely maximization of Net Benefits, maximization of Crop Production, maximization of Employment Generation and maximization of Manure Utilization. The level of satisfaction ???=?0.625 is worked out for compromised solution for four conflicting objectives under fuzzy environment. The MOFLP model compromised solution for irrigation planning provides Net Benefits 1522.75 (Million Rupees), Crop Production 322504.40 (Tons), Employment Generation 29.27 (Million Man Days) and Manure Utilization 147229.40 (Tons) respectively and irrigation intensity 68.50?%. The results obtained are promising for sustainable development in irrigation sector and closer to the true picture of the real world problem as it incorporates the fuzziness in both resources and decision variables simultaneously.     

A Decision Support System Based on AHP for Ranking Strategies to Manage Emergencies on Drinking Water Supply Systems

Water Resources Management - The provision of critical services, such as drinking water, is crucial both in ordinary and in emergency conditions due to either natural (e.g. earthquakes, droughts,...     

A Multicriteria Group Decision Model to Support Watershed Committees in Brazil

The involvement of multiple decision makers in water resources management can be very complex, involving the possibilities of conflicts amongst the stakeholders and the influence of powerful members over the preference of others. The inherent characteristic of decisions also increases this complexity due to many alternatives being involved and there being multiple criteria. Some of these criteria conflict with each other and the consequences of which will have great impact on those involved and on third parties. Therefore, a group decision support system model based on multicriteria analysis can be a powerful tool to support this kind of management. This study presents a tool to support the committee responsible for the management of the watersheds in Brazil in order to promote decentralization and the participation of all involved in the water resources management. The tool provides a ranking of alternatives for the environmental recuperation of the watershed through the use of the multicriteria method PROMETHEE II. For each decision maker, the alternatives were ranked and then the individual rankings were combined into a global ranking which contained the preferences of the whole group.     

Informing Watershed Connectivity Barrier Prioritization Decisions: A Synthesis

Water resources and transportation infrastructure such as dams and culverts provide countless socio‐economic benefits; however, this infrastructure can also disconnect the movement of organisms, sediment, and water through river ecosystems. Trade‐offs associated with these competing costs and benefits occur globally, with applications in barrier addition (e.g. dam and road construction), reengineering (e.g. culvert repair), and removal (e.g. dam removal and aging infrastructure). Barrier prioritization provides a unique opportunity to: (i) restore and reconnect potentially large habitat patches quickly and effectively and (ii) avoid impacts prior to occurrence in line with the mitigation hierarchy (i.e. avoid then minimize then mitigate). This paper synthesizes 46 watershed‐scale barrier planning studies and presents a procedure to guide barrier prioritization associated with connectivity for aquatic organisms. We focus on practical issues informing prioritization studies such as available data sets, methods, techniques, and tools. We conclude with a discussion of emerging trends and issues in barrier prioritization and key opportunities for enhancing the body of knowledge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neural Network Based Decision Support Model for Optimal Reservoir Operation

A decision support model (DSM) has been developed using the artificial neural networks (ANN) for optimal operation of a reservoir in south India. The DSM developed is a combination of a rule based expert system and ANN models, which are trained using the results from deterministic single reservoir optimisation algorithm. The developed DSM is also flexible to use multiple linear regression equations instead of trained neural network models for different time periods. A new approach is tried with the DSM based on trained neural network models, which use real time data of previous time periods for deciding operating policies. The developed DSM based on ANN outperforms the regression based approach.     

基于模糊层次分析法的水库移民收入风险分析

以风险理论为基础,结合我国水库移民现有的收入来源途经,基于风险分解结构(RBS)对影响水库移民收入的风险因素进行风险辨识.在此基础上,采取模糊层次分析法,定性与定量相结合,构建风险综合评价模型,对水库移民收入进行风险分析,并针对风险分析的结果探讨了规避移民收入风险与实现收入恢复并提高的可能途径.     

滞洪区决策支持系统的设计

介绍滞洪区决策支持系统的系统结构、各模块的设计方法、进行洪水演进计算时所采用的水力计算方法 ,预测滞洪可能引起的灾情损失 .以多媒体形式 ,动态地显示不同工况下的洪水演进过程 .     

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS Approach for Prioritization of Drinking Water Utilities Protection Based on their Vulnerability to Contamination

This work presents the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a decision tool to facilitate the process of prioritization of drinking wells that would need more protection before contamination risk. In this study, three aspects of the protection of the groundwater quality were taken into account: natural, anthropic and technical. From these aspects, elements more representative were selected, which can be quantified with available and easily accessible information. Considering those elements, selection criteria were defined which have been represented by: population distribution indicator, human development index, land use, index for aquifer vulnerability to contamination, well age and well yearly pumping rate. The developed method has been applied to drinking supply wells located in the Toluca Valley aquifer (Mexico), and implied the generation of the thematic maps of the defined selection criteria. For the MCDA, the values of each map were converted to the same scale, each criterion was weighted in function of its importance according to the objective and there were aggregated by the way of a lineal combination. The obtained result is a map that shows the level of protection priority of the supply wells. This map can offer information to the stakeholder in a relative short time and contribute to accelerate the actions aimed to protect the quality of the vital underground liquid.     

基于模糊决策的风力发电产业评价研究

根据风力发电技术产业的特点,构建改进层次分析与模糊一致矩阵相结合的方案决策数学模型,该模型既可以减少确定判断矩阵的盲目性,又可以避开评价体系中各等级间的隶属度确定问题,使评价结果更加可靠,适合于信息尚不完整、受主观因素影响较强的评价。实例验证了这一模型的合理性、可行性和有效性,具有实用价值。     

基于改进AHP法的大坝安全性模糊综合评价

在分析大坝安全影响因素的基础上,参照大坝安全评价导则,构建了一套较为完整的大坝安全综合评价的多层次指标体系。针对传统的AHP法判断矩阵经常出现一致性不满足的情况,提出采用五标度法及最优传递矩阵来构造判断矩阵改进AHP法,使判断矩阵自然满足一致性检验,进而赋予各指标权重,运用模糊综合评价模型对墓东水库大坝安全进行评价。结果表明,该大坝存在安全问题,与实际情况符合。     

基于知识网格的电厂协同维护决策支持系统探讨

实现广域范围内的协同维护决策是维护领域的前沿研究课题之一。为了解决电厂维护领域中知识资源的共享和利用问题，在分析目前维护网络现状和需求的基础上，以实现群体协同维护决策为目标，建立了基于知识网格的多种知识、多类方法、多组信息和多方面资源支持的协同维护决策的体系结构，并对知识建模方法进行了研究。资源节点之间相互开放，共享资源信息，由知识网格平台统一管理和调度，相互协调，为不同电厂、制造商及研究单位提供所需的服务信息，有利于提高维护决策支持系统的诊断水平和处理能力、降低诊断和维修成本、提高诊断处理的效率，为逐步实现状态检修提供了一种切实可行的方法。     

An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China

Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management.     

An Operational Model for Support of Integrated Watershed Management

This paper presents a computer simulation-based methodology for operational support of integrated water resources management. The methodology is based on the systems approach, and use of feedback to capture physical and socio-economic processes occurring within a watershed. The approach integrates well established simulation models of physical processes with simulation models that describe socio-economic processes. The proposed methodology is illustrated by the evaluation of risk and vulnerability to changing climatic and socio-economic conditions in the Upper Thames watershed (south-western Ontario, Canada).The model results indicate that flooding in the watershed will be more severe as a result of climate change, while low flows are expected to remain at their current level. The most significant socio-economic factor in the Upper Thames watershed is water availability, shown to become under climate change a limiting factor for future growth and development.     

Assessing the Accuracy of GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process for Watershed Prioritization; Gorganrood River Basin,Iran

Watershed prioritization based on the natural and anthropogenic factors involves by locating the critical areas of flood hazard, which cause socio-economic and environmental consequences to take up mitigation activities on priority basis. The pair-wise comparisons of natural and anthropogenic factors is a bit problematic, because these two mentioned factors are different from typology view point. In order to assess flood hazard potential by using (1) only natural factors (FHPNF), (2) only anthropogenic factors (FHPAF), and (3) ensemble the obtained sub-watersheds priorities from natural and anthropogenic factors , the coupling of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were applied the Gorganrood river basin of Iran. Each effective factor was assigned to appropriate weight based on Saaty’s 9 point scale and the obtained weights were normalized through the Eigenvector method. By using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), two flood hazard potential indexes were defined separately for anthropogenic and natural factors. Finally, both indices values were combined to determine sub-watersheds priority. For the validation of the predictions, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and historical data of flash flood events were used. According to the results of ROC curves, the FHPNF and FHPAF maps showed a reasonable good performance in watershed prioritization with area under ROC curve (AUC) values of 76.1 and 79.5 %, respectively. In addition, these results imply that one and two sub-watersheds fall under very high and high priority, respectively. The results of this study act as guidelines for managers and planners to determine sub-watersheds priority and rational management of watersheds based on both natural and anthropogenic components.     

混凝土安全的多层次模糊综合评价研究

将层次分析法和模糊数学理论相结合,建立了大坝安全的多层次模糊综合评价模型.该模型不仅量化了对某单因素的重视程度,而且能够得出量化的指标结论,使各工程的评价结论更具有可比性和客观性.通过工程实例的应用,认为多层次模糊综合评价模型是一种适用于大坝安全评价的方法.