Application of an Optimization Model for the Sustainable Water Resource Management of River Basins

Water Resources Management - An optimization model for the sustainable water resource management that maximizes sustainable net economic benefit over a long-term planning horizon is applied to the...     

A Proposal of Indicators for Sustainable Development in the Management of River Basins

Water, a renewable natural resource that is indispensable both to human life and to economic processes, has had its hydrological cycle threatened by pollution and contamination of hydrological resources. In Brazil, in 1997, Law 9.433 established the river basin as the unit for territorial planning and management of water resources. The proposal presented in this paper has an integrating focus, aiming at pointing out indicators for the sustainable development of river basins. The indicators are analyzed through social, environmental, economic and political–institutional frameworks, supported by internationally accepted methodologies. The implementation of this kind of project requires a large and reliable data set. Thus, we propose gradual implementation of sustainable development diagnosis in the river basins. To begin this process, we selected three indicators—public water supply, public sewerage and municipal trash collection. The values obtained for these indicators were compared with those of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which establish 50% reduction in them by 2015. The indicators were applied to the Guanabara Bay Watershed (GBW) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a case study.

分布式水文模拟模型在流域水资源管理中的应用

旨在通过对国外比较流行的分布式流域水文模拟模型的介绍，对比分析各类模型的总体结构、特点及适应领域，结合在流域水资源管理中的应用，为流域水资源管理部门及相关研究工作人员在进行流域水文模拟模型选用时提供参考。     

贯彻实施新水法加强流域水行政管理

水行政管理是指国家对社会水事活动所实施的行政管理。流域水行政管理可以理解为,在江河、湖泊流域的范围内,由流域管理机构代表国家对社会水事活动所实施的行政管理。长江水利委员会(以下简称长委)作为水利部派出的流域管理机构,在长江流域和澜沧     

陕西渭河流域水资源和水环境管理模式演进与管理方法研究

回顾了陕西省渭河流域水资源管理的理论与实践演进过程,并分析了渭河流域水资源与水环境的现状,在借鉴了成功流域管理经验的基础上,对渭河流域的水资源可持续性管理提出了意见和建议,以期对未来陕西渭河流域的水资源管理工作有所参考。     

黄河流域干流河段水资源调配多目标优化模型

目前黄河水资源的分配手段仍存在不少问题,用水量同比例丰增枯减不利于黄河水量的合理利用,传统的调度方式也无法使资源、社会达到协调发展。根据黄河水资源的实际情况,考虑各地区用水的公平合理性,建立黄河干流河段多目标优化配水模型,采用改进遗传算法来求解河段优化配水问题。结果表明:经过改进遗传算法的优化求解,可以将黄河干流水资源量科学合理地分配到各河段,全区缺水率控制在10%以下,并且满足河道断面的生态流量需求,符合社会、生态对于水资源开发利用的要求,最大程度地发挥了水资源的综合效益。     

可持续的黄河水资源管理

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,在中国经济社会可持续发展格局中具有重要的战略地位。随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展,黄河水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐,开发利用程度已超过其承载能力,同时流域整体用水效率偏低、废污水排放量大,造成下游河道断流频繁,水污染日趋严重,水生态系统受到严重威胁。面对上述问题,黄河水利委员会通过开展黄河可供水量分配、实施水资源统一管理与调度、探索建立水权制度、推进节水型社会建设、强化水资源保护等一系列措施,保障多方取用水权,最大限度地满足了各方用水需求,使黄河水环境和生态功能得到改善。黄河实施水资源统一管理的探索和实践证明,对于资源型缺水的黄河流域而言,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是势在必然、当务之急。水资源管理与流域经济发展必须相互协调,应在顶层设计、制度建设、协调监督、管理能力建设等方面做好工作,以水资源的可持续利用支撑流域及相关地区经济社会的可持续发展。     

Attaining Sustainable Water Resource Utilization in Lake Basins Using Progressive Operational Scenario Analysis

Water Resources Management - There is a severe conflict between water resource exploitation and protection of the aquatic environment of lakes with rapid urbanization. Sustainable water resource...     

Facilitation Model for Supporting Integrative Water Resource Management

In this paper, the Soft Systems Methodology foundations was integrated to a water resources management model to construct a facilitation process to support integrative water resources management. The facilitation model aims to achieve agreements over conflicts, by promoting engagement of actors to construct a common and holistic understanding about the problematic situation through an interactive, participative, clear, and transparent process. The facilitation model is divided into two phases: (i) Preparing Logistics and (ii) Work meeting. The first phase starts when a conflict emerges, then, the facilitator should prepare the logistics necessary to proceed with the examination of the problem, including the selection of volunteers who will compose the work group. The second phase is intended to the application of an interactive and participatory modeling approach organized into five steps: 1 - Expressing the problematic situation; 2 - Constructing a multi-sectoral representation; 3 - Examining the multi-sectoral representation; 4 - Building a conceptual model; and 5 - Exploring actions. To illustrate its application, we applied these steps to structure a real complex problematic situation that exists in an area of the watershed of the Paraiba do Norte River, in Northeastern Brazil. To construct a multi-sectoral representation of the problem, perspectives of different actors who are involved in the problem were considered. We conclude that the model is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex problems, for which there is no consensus regarding alternatives to solve/mitigate it and/or there is a high level of uncertainties involved in the decision-making process.

     

A Nonlinear Interval Model for Water and Waste Load Allocation in River Basins

In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for simultaneous allocation of water and waste load in river basins. A nonlinear interval number optimization model is used to incorporate the uncertainties of model inputs and parameters. In this methodology, the bounds of the uncertain inputs are only required, not necessarily knowing their probability density or fuzzy membership functions. In the proposed model, the existing uncertainties in water demands and monthly available water are considered in the optimization model. Also the economic and environmental impacts of water allocation to the agricultural water users are taken into account. To have an equitable water and waste load allocation, benefits are reallocated to water users using some solution concepts of the cooperative game theory. Results of applying the methodology to the Dez river system in south-western part of Iran show its effectiveness and applicability for water and waste load allocation in an uncertain environment.     

黄河水资源可持续利用的对策和建议

介绍了黄河当前面临的严峻水形势，阐述了黄河水量丰枯变迁，分析了黄河断流的原因，提出了促进黄河水资源可持续利用的对策和建议。,     

区域水资源优化配置模型应用研究

水资源配置不仅关系到当地的生态系统安全,也关系到水资源的可持续利用。根据水资源优化配置的理论与方法,在可持续发展理论指导下,建立水资源优化配置系统模型,并以临沂市为例,对上述模型进行实例计算,结果表明,该模型计算简单,能够满足生产实际的需要。     

淮河流域水质管理模型

淮河流域水质管理模型作为分析研究淮河流域水污染规律的工具 ,以淮河入洪泽湖河口以上流域为研究区域。在深入分析研究区域内水文气象、自然地理、河道和水流特性以及水污染特点的基础上 ,利用Mike 11,MIKEBASIN和ArcView软件研制和开发水质管理模型 ,为有效实施水污染防治和水资源管理提供依据。简要介绍模型的结构 ,主要参数的确定 ,模型的结果和模型的应用情况     

分布式水文模型在水资源管理中的应用

水资源管理是目前世界水环境的主要问题，是痧资源可持续发展的关键，而水模型则是水资源管理的依据，本根据国外水模型资料，从农业灌溉，水土流失、土地利用等几个方面介绍了目前水平资源管理模型的应用现状及其发展的限制因素，分布式水模型是今后水资源管理模型的发展方向。     

北京市水资源可持续利用的对策解析与策略优化分析

分析了北京市水资源面临的形势,总结了北京市近年来为水资源可持续利用所采取的对策和措施,并对其进行了初步解析.根据目前北京市实施的各种水资源策略的解析比较与优化分析,提出北京市水资源可持续利用的政策优先序和发展水循环经济措施.     

邯郸市水资源管理与开发模式

由于水资源短缺,加强管理对于邯郸市水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。在分析邯郸市水资源现状与主要的水资源管理措施的基础上,研究了邯郸市的水资源管理模式,指出邯郸市水资源模式的主要特点是以流域管理为主,计划用水与水费管理、水权交易相结合。并对邯郸市水资源管理模式进行了分区探讨,初步提出了西部山区蓄引提综合利用、中部平原井渠结合与东部平原地下微咸水利用三种基本模式。指出山区蓄引提综合利用模式的主要特点是以蓄为主、蓄引提相结合、充分利用水资源;井渠结合模式的特点是地表水与地下水联合调度,井渠结合,井灌井排,提高大气降水、地表水、地下水的利用;微咸水利用模式的基本特点是挖掘浅层地下水潜力,咸淡水轮灌或浑灌。从而为邯郸市的水资源高效利用提供了一定的指导建议。     

河川区域永续经营管理——以头前溪为例

台湾近年河川管理观念已转变为要求提升河川之环境质量、资源利用及环境生态之永续发展,将加强河川环境管理列为重要措施。依据台湾河川管理办法第27条规定,管理机关依据河川治理计划,并参考所辖河川水土资源、生态环境、自然景观、河川沿岸土地发展及其相关情况,制订河川环境管理计划。通过评估现今台湾头前溪干流使用行为与管理作为,朝维护水流正常功能、确保水资源永续发展、维护生态环境及促进河川区域内土地整合使用等目标迈进。针对头前溪固有特色及当地民众需求,据以完成河川环境管理规划,再依河川治理计划及施政方针制订河川环境管理计划,从事有计划的河川环境管理。     

基于循环经济的水资源可持续发展新模式

针对我国水资源短缺及水环境污染的现状,指出了以高效利用水资源和保护水环境为基础的循环经济是实现我国水资源可持续发展的必然选择,并积极探讨了以循环经济为核心理念的水资源可持续发展新模式。通过采取基于循环经济各种切实可行的有利措施和先进技术,可以实现水资源可持续发展,从而有效地解决水环境污染及水资源供需矛盾等问题。     

城市水资源的可持续发展策略

文章在分析我国城市水资源的现状及21世纪我国城市水资源所面临的主要问题的基础上，提出了城市水资源的可持续发展策略，包括：节约用水，创建节水型工业和节水型城市；从源头控制为主，加强水污染防治；积极推广生态排污系统建设；多渠道开发水资源等。