WSNs中基于粒子群优化的信宿移动路径规划算法

感测数据,再将数据传输至信宿是无线传感网络(WSNs)中节点的首要任务。传感节点由电池供电,它们的多数能量用于传输数据,越靠近信宿的节点,传输的数据量越大。因此,这些节点的能耗速度快,容易形成能量-空洞问题。而通过移动信宿收集数据能够缓解能量-空洞问题。为此,提出基于粒子群优化的信宿移动路径规划(PSO-RPS)算法。PSO-RPS算法结合数据传递时延和信息速率两项信息选择驻留点,并利用粒子群优化算法选择最优的驻留点,进而构建时延有效的信宿收集数据的路径。仿真结果表明,提出的PSO-RPS算法有效地控制路径长度,缩短了收集数据的时延。     

基于云雾混合计算的车联网联合资源分配算法

针对车联网业务的低时延、低功耗需求及海量设备计算卸载引起的网络拥塞问题,该文提出一种在云雾混合网络架构下的联合计算卸载、计算资源和无线资源分配算法(JODRAA)。首先,该算法考虑将云计算与雾计算结合,以最大时延作为约束,建立最小化系统能耗和资源成本的资源优化模型。其次,将原问题转化为标准二次约束二次规划(QCQP)问题,并设计一种低复杂度的联合卸载决策和计算资源分配算法。进一步,针对海量设备计算卸载引起的网络拥塞问题,建立卸载用户接入请求队列的上溢概率估计模型,提出一种基于在线测量的雾节点时频资源配置算法。最后,借助分式规划理论和拉格朗日对偶分解方法得到迭代的带宽和功率分配策略。仿真结果表明,该文算法可以在满足时延需求的前提下,最小化系统能耗和资源成本。     

基于能耗均衡的无人机集群组网算法

无人机集群可通过节点协作应对复杂的任务环境,但节点能量有限且服务区中数据传输需求分布不均,为了优化节点能量使用以及通信负载分配,提出基于能耗均衡的无人机集群组网算法.该组网算法采用分层分簇的网络架构,利用K-means++聚类算法实现分簇;构建了考虑通信能耗和移动能耗的节点能耗模型,以最小化节点最大能耗为目标函数;通过...     

无线供能移动边缘网络中计算时延最小化资源分配方法研究

针对无线供能移动边缘计算(MEC)网络,该文将计算时延定义为数据卸载与计算所消耗的时间,并提出一种节点计算时延之和最小化的多维资源分配方法。首先,在节点能量因果约束下,通过联合优化专用能量站工作时长、任务分割系数、节点计算频率和发射功率来建立一个计算时延之和最小化的多维资源分配问题。由于存在优化变量耦合与max-max函数,所建问题非凸且无法采用凸优化工具获取最优解。为此,通过引入一系列松弛变量和辅助变量来进行优化问题简化以及优化变量解耦,并在此基础上,通过深入分析简化问题的结构特性,提出一种基于二分法的迭代算法来求解原问题的最优解。最后,计算机仿真验证了所提迭代算法的正确性以及所提资源分配方法在计算时延方面的优越性。     

超密集网络中基于移动边缘计算的任务卸载和资源优化

移动边缘计算(MEC)通过在无线网络边缘为用户提供计算能力,来提高用户的体验质量。然而,MEC的计算卸载仍面临着许多问题。该文针对超密集组网(UDN)的MEC场景下的计算卸载,考虑系统总能耗,提出卸载决策和资源分配的联合优化问题。首先采用坐标下降法制定了卸载决定的优化方案。同时,在满足用户时延约束下采用基于改进的匈牙利算法和贪婪算法来进行子信道分配。然后,将能耗最小化问题转化为功率最小化问题,并将其转化为一个凸优化问题得到用户最优的发送功率。仿真结果表明,所提出的卸载方案可以在满足用户不同时延的要求下最小化系统能耗,有效地提升了系统性能。     

基于集群协作的云雾混合计算资源分配和负载均衡策略

针对物联网(IoT)中智能应用快速增长导致的移动网络数据拥塞问题，该文构建了一种基于雾集群协作的云雾混合计算模型，在考虑集群负载均衡的同时引入权重因子以平衡计算时延和能耗，最终实现系统时延能耗加权和最小。为了解决该混合整数非线性规划问题，将原问题分解后采用库恩塔克(KKT)条件和二分搜索迭代法对资源配置进行优化，提出一种基于分支定界的开销最小化卸载算法(BB-OMOA)获得最优卸载决策。仿真结果表明，集群协作模式显著提高了系统负载均衡度，且所提策略在不同参数条件下明显优于其他基准方案。     

能耗与时延权衡的分布式信息扩散方法

能量消耗与传输时延是无线传感器网络协议设计的两个重要指标。针对一维线型传感器网络，探究能耗与时延权衡的信息扩散问题。通过理论推导与分析，计算得出给定时延约束下高能效信息扩散的最优传输次数与单跳传输距离。基于理论分析结果，提出能耗与时延权衡的分布式信息扩散算法。该算法包含确定候选转发节点集合以及最优中继节点选择两部分。仿真表明所提算法能够实现信息扩散的能耗与时延权衡。     

无人机集群联合拓扑控制的智能路由规划方法

针对现有无人机集群路由协议拓扑适变能力弱,易产生包重传、能量空洞和高时延,严重恶化了数据路由性能的问题,针对无人机集群中集群拓扑与路由的耦合特性,提出了一种联合拓扑控制的智能路由规划（IRPJTC）方法。该方法由基于虚拟力的自适应拓扑控制（VFATC）和基于近端策略优化的地理路由规划（PPO-GRP）组成。其中,VFATC使各无人机根据邻居运动状态信息自适应调整与邻居的距离,保证集群中链路的稳定连接;进一步,PPO-GRP引入VFATC中的链路稳定性指标,并结合端到端时延与能耗指标,设计多目标奖励函数,采用深度强化学习中的近端策略优化算法训练路由策略。仿真实验结果表明,IRPJTC相比于现有路由方法,能在保证分组传输成功率的同时,使端到端时延降低12.11%,无人机集群能耗降低4.56%,且具备更强的能耗均衡能力。     

基于强化学习的5G网络切片虚拟网络功能迁移算法

针对5G网络切片架构下业务请求动态性引起的虚拟网络功能(VNF)迁移优化问题,该文首先建立基于受限马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP)的随机优化模型以实现多类型服务功能链(SFC)的动态部署,该模型以最小化通用服务器平均运行能耗为目标,同时受限于各切片平均时延约束以及平均缓存、带宽资源消耗约束。其次,为了克服优化模型中难以准确掌握系统状态转移概率及状态空间过大的问题,该文提出了一种基于强化学习框架的VNF智能迁移学习算法,该算法通过卷积神经网络(CNN)来近似行为值函数,从而在每个离散的时隙内根据当前系统状态为每个网络切片制定合适的VNF迁移策略及CPU资源分配方案。仿真结果表明,所提算法在有效地满足各切片QoS需求的同时,降低了基础设施的平均能耗。     

最小化延迟的无线传感器网络节点调度算法

如何实现节能和减小延迟一直是无线传感器网络中研究的热点及难点问题。提出一种新的最小化延迟的能量均衡的节点调度（MDS）算法,算法通过对能量以及延迟的分析计算,计算出节点的能量判定阈值,并在选择下一跳的时候,总是选择节点剩余能量在限定范围内且延迟最小的节点,以此实现最小化网络延迟的目的。理论分析及实验结果表明,MDS算法能够较好地把网络的生命周期控制在可接受范围内,同时可以解决在能耗限定条件下的最小化延迟的问题。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks