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六水合氯化钴是制备钴酸锂电池用四氧化三钴粉末的主要原料,不同结晶水含量的氯化钴制得的四氧化三钴其粒度及分散性存在差异,以二水合氯化钴为原料,通过高温水解反应可以得到粒度细小、分布均匀的四氧化三钴粉末。通过热重差热分析(TG-DTA)测定了六水合氯化钴的脱水过程,研究并分析了脱水过程中干燥温度以及料层厚度对脱水的影响,为研究以六水合氯化钴为原料通过高温水解反应制备四氧化三钴提供理论依据。结果表明:温度高、料层薄均可提高六水合氯化钴的脱水速率;在120℃下干燥230 min可以脱除4个结晶水,变成二水合氯化钴,干燥360 min可脱除5个结晶水,变成一水合氯化钴;当温度升高到220℃并且累积干燥时间达到21 h时,六水合氯化钴可脱除全部结晶水。 相似文献
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在浸没式循环撞击流反应器中,以氨水为沉淀剂,用七水合硫酸亚铁和六水合三氯化铁为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米四氧化三铁粒子。考察了搅拌转速、亚铁与三价铁物质的量比、反应温度和溶液pH对所得纳米四氧化三铁的分散性和粒径的影响。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等对制得的纳米粒子的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明:用撞击流反应器制备纳米四氧化三铁粒子的最佳工艺条件:亚铁与三价铁物质的量比为1 ∶1,反应温度为40 ℃,搅拌转速为1 600 r/min,以氨水作沉淀剂,最佳pH控制在11.0左右。在上述条件下,可以制备出分散性好、纯度高、平均粒径为10 nm的四氧化三铁粒子。 相似文献
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低热固相法制备纳米氧化镍 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
比较了四水合乙酸镍与三种有机酸(草酸、酒石酸和乙二胺四乙酸)在室温条件下发生固相化学反应的速度,选取反应速度最快的草酸(和四水合乙酸镍)为原料,用室温固相化学反应合成出前驱配合物,进而热分解得到纳米氧化镍粉末,产物用X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜进行了表征。结果表明,产物纳米氧化镍为球形立方晶系结构,平均粒径为15nm,并初步探讨了分解温度对产物粒径大小、分散性的影响及低热固相反应制备纳米粒子的机理。 相似文献
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以3CdSO<,4>·8H<,2>O、Na<,2>S·9H<,2>O和EDTA为主要原料,在室温下,利用液相沉淀法制备CdS纳米晶.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)技术对产物进行表征,并用电化学分析仪测试产物对硫化物电解质溶液的催化性能.对产物的形成机理进行了初步分析.结果表明,产物纳米CdS为立方晶相,纯度较高.产物对1... 相似文献
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本文依据葡萄糖柱水热条件下可生成模板剂胶体碳球的原理,以葡萄糖和六水合氯化钻为原料,经180℃条件下的水热反应,然后进行热处理制备了纳米心氧化三钻空心球材料。采用X射线粉末衍射仪对产物进行了结构表征,实验表叫所得川钒化三钻的品形为面心立方结构。采用热场发射扫描电镜对产物进行丫形貌分析,实验表明所得四氧化三钻的彤貌为空心球,空心球的直径约为0.3-1.2μm,球壳为多孔结构。分析了水热反应时间对旧氧化三钻空心结构的影响。试验证明,将水热反应从2小时延长到4小时时,产物的形貌基本保持不变。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献