CuO/CeO2催化剂的制备及CO氧化性能研究

制备了CuO/Al_2O_3和CuO/CeO_2催化剂,通过CO氧化反应,结合BET、XRD、SEM、EDS、H_2-TPR、Raman和XPS等表征对催化剂的理化性质进行了分析。结果表明,活性组分CuO具有CO氧化活性,CuO/Al_2O_3催化剂较不活泼的Al_2O_3-550载体氧化活性显著提高;利用金属载体相互作用制备的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,高温焙烧下比表面积能够保持,未发生明显烧结现象。从CO起燃曲线看,CuO/CeO_2催化剂在50℃时开始起活,200℃时CO基本完全转化,其CO氧化活性较CuO/Al_2O_3催化剂提高一个数量级以上;600℃焙烧的CuO/CeO_2催化剂起燃曲线的T_(50)只比400℃焙烧的降低约5℃。各种表征结果表明,由于CuO与CeO_2间的相互作用,Ce~(3+)和Ce~(4+)之间转变导致形成更多的氧缺陷位,可以稳定Cu~+,有利于CO氧化活性的提高。     

Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合氧化物的制备及染料废水处理性能

以CeO_2为载体,用浸渍-焙烧法制备Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料催化剂,通过XRD、XPS、TG-DTA方法对复合材料进行表征,并研究了催化剂中最佳钴铈摩尔比、H_2O_2用量及溶液初始pH等因素对孔雀石绿模拟染料废水脱色率的影响。结果显示,Co_3O_4掺杂对CeO_2基体结构没有产生影响,Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料仍具有载体CeO_2的立方萤石结构;在复合材料催化剂中形成了结晶程度较弱Co_3O_4晶体,均匀地分散在CeO_2基体上。实验结果显示,Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料催化剂对初始浓度为15 mg/L的孔雀石绿模拟染料废水具有良好的吸附和光催化性能。最佳实验条件为:n(Co)∶n(Ce)=1,催化剂用量为1.0 g/L,H_2O_2用量为150 mmol/L,溶液的初始pH=7,120 min后溶液中孔雀石绿的脱色率达到99.58%。     

Ni-CeO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的制备、表征及其生物质合成气甲烷化性能研究

采用共浸渍法制备了添加不同助剂(CeO_2、ZrO_2、Co_3O_4、Y_2O_3、V_2O_5)的一系列Ni基催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、BET、H_2-TPR等对催化剂的结构进行表征,对Ni含量、助剂含量、浸渍顺序、焙烧温度、还原温度、空速等条件进行优化,并考察了催化剂的生物质合成气甲烷化性能。结果表明:助剂CeO_2、ZrO2、Y_2O_3、V_2O_5的加入均能提高催化剂对CO甲烷化的催化活性,其中6Ni-3CeO_2/Al_2O_3的催化活性、稳定性和抗积碳能力最好;采用6Ni-3CeO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂,在V(H_2)∶V(CO)∶V(N_2)=0.45∶0.15∶0.40、空速为20 000h-1、常压、350℃下,CO即可完全转化,甲烷选择性达到90%,较6Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂提高了16%,CO完全转化温度较6Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂低50℃。6Ni-3CeO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的Ni含量明显低于文献报道,应用于生物质合成气催化加氢转化为甲烷,CO转化率达到80.5%,有效地解决了生物质合成气中CO含量高于民用燃气标准的问题。     

钴铜双金属微波催化剂的制备及性能研究

以硝酸铜和硝酸钴为原料、尿素为沉淀剂，微波功率320 W,反应时间30 min,制备了钴铜双金属氢氧化物(CuCo-LDH)。通过表征结果得知，与其他制备方法相比，微波法制备的催化剂具有良好的结晶度、立体结构，并能提供更多的活性位点，具有较高的催化活性。在微波辅助下，CuCo-LDH中的Cu²⁺、Cu⁺、Co³⁺、Co²⁺与H₂O₂形成类芬顿反应耦合体系，甲基橙(MO)脱色率可达99.78%。本研究为双金属复合催化剂在水处理中的应用提供了有益参考。     

Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合氧化物的制备及染料废水处理性能

以CeO_2为载体,用浸渍-焙烧法制备Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料催化剂,通过XRD、XPS、TG-DTA方法对复合材料进行表征,并研究了催化剂中最佳钴铈摩尔比、H_2O_2用量及溶液初始pH等因素对孔雀石绿模拟染料废水脱色率的影响。结果显示,Co_3O_4掺杂对CeO_2基体结构没有产生影响,Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料仍具有载体CeO_2的立方萤石结构;在复合材料催化剂中形成了结晶程度较弱Co_3O_4晶体,均匀地分散在CeO_2基体上。实验结果显示,Co_3O_4/CeO_2复合材料催化剂对初始浓度为15 mg/L的孔雀石绿模拟染料废水具有良好的吸附和光催化性能。最佳实验条件为:n(Co)∶n(Ce)=1,催化剂用量为1.0 g/L,H_2O_2用量为150 mmol/L,溶液的初始pH=7,120 min后溶液中孔雀石绿的脱色率达到99.58%。     

ZIF-67@Co3O4催化氧化VOCs性能研究

以MOF为前驱体构筑金属氧化物催化剂对于甲苯等VOCs催化氧化具有重要意义。以廉价且易合成的ZIF-67为前驱体,在不同条件下焙烧制备了一系列催化剂用于甲苯催化氧化,研究了焙烧温度和焙烧时间对所得催化剂结构和甲苯催化性能的影响。结果表明,对ZIF-67焙烧温度的控制可有效调控所得催化剂的结构,其中350℃焙烧所得的ZIF-67-Co₃O₄-350有较小的纳米粒径、较大的比表面积和孔径、丰富的缺陷结构、较多的Co³⁺和较强的低温还原性能,展现出优异的甲苯催化活性。此外,焙烧时间也会影响催化剂的活性。     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-La_2O_3/Al_2O3催化剂CO_2氧化乙苯脱氢研究

采用沉淀法制备了CeO_2-ZrO_2-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3催化剂,评价其CO_2气氛下的乙苯脱氢性能,并进行了催化剂的寿命实验,探讨了催化剂的失活和再生。最佳反应条件为:反应温度600℃,进料比CO_2∶EB=10∶1,接触时间163 h·g(cat)/mol(EB),反应100 h后,乙苯转化率由最高值47. 4%降为24%。催化剂失活主要原因是过量积炭和催化剂烧结,活性组分Ce⁽⁴⁺⁾的还原在CO_2气氛下乙苯脱氢反应中并不明显。     

Co/Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂制备及其性能

以钴盐为主催化剂,以铜盐为助催化剂,采用等体积浸渍法,以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,制备了Co/Cu/γ/-Al_2O_3催化剂,以对甲酚为原料对催化活性进行测试,并采用XRD、FT—IR、XPS和BET表征方法对催化剂的晶体结构、表面电子状态和比表面积进行表征,研究各种因素对催化活性的影响。结果表明,Co_3O_4为催化剂的活性组分,催化剂中活性组分未与载体发生强烈的相互作用,且其比表面积最大,有利于活性组分的分散。Co/Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂最佳制备条件为:Co与Cu物质的量比为5:1,浸渍液质量浓度为6%,焙烧温度400℃,对羟基苯甲醛收率为41.5%。     

低温深度脱除液相丙烯中微量CO负载型催化剂的研究

以廉价的拟薄水铝石为原料,采用等体积浸渍法,制备负载型CuO-MOx-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,通过XRD、N2-吸附脱附、H_2-TPR、CO-TPD等表征,考察了载体焙烧温度、助剂改性(Co、Zn、Fe、Zr)及组分相互作用对CO脱除性能的影响。结果表明,拟薄水铝石经400⁸00℃焙烧后为γ-Al_2O_3晶相,随着焙烧温度的升高,孔径分布集中度降低,逐渐向中孔方向移动,750℃焙烧制得样品的还原性能最优,CO催化活性最高;添加过渡金属助剂,Co有利于催化剂还原性能和CO吸附性能提高,CuO、CeO_2、Co_3O_4组分间的相互协同作用,共同促进了CO催化氧化性能的提高。优化得到的CuO-Co_3O_4-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,在30℃、3.0MPa的工况条件下,可将液相丙烯中的CO含量由10.0×10800℃焙烧后为γ-Al_2O_3晶相,随着焙烧温度的升高,孔径分布集中度降低,逐渐向中孔方向移动,750℃焙烧制得样品的还原性能最优,CO催化活性最高;添加过渡金属助剂,Co有利于催化剂还原性能和CO吸附性能提高,CuO、CeO_2、Co_3O_4组分间的相互协同作用,共同促进了CO催化氧化性能的提高。优化得到的CuO-Co_3O_4-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,在30℃、3.0MPa的工况条件下,可将液相丙烯中的CO含量由10.0×10^(-6)脱除低至9.0×10(-6)脱除低至9.0×10^(-8),连续反应1500min,稳定性良好,具有较好的工业应用前景。     

Cu2+和Co2+促进芬顿氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

通过在传统芬顿体系中加入Cu²⁺、Co²⁺,研究Cu²⁺/Co²⁺/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂、Cu²⁺/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂、Co²⁺/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂和Fe²⁺/H₂O₂四种芬顿体系对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果,发现当初始pH分别为2、3、4、5、6时,各体系去除CODCr的效果排序为Cu²⁺/Co²⁺/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂>Cu²⁺/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂>Co²⁺/Fe^2...     

Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3-ZrO2 and Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 precursor powders

Thixotropic gels of the precursor powders of the titled compounds have been prepared by the addition of oxalic acid to the mixed solutions of metal salts at room temperature (≈ 27 °C). The clear sols of yttrium-zirconyl oxalate (YZO) and yttrium-cerium-zirconyl oxalate (YCZO) gelled within a few hours and were oven-dried at 40 °C. The various stages of gelation behaviour of the sols are explained on the basis of DLVO theory. By repeptizing the dried gel powders with water, concentrated sols were prepared. The gelation time as a function of chloride ion concentration is discussed for both sols. The nature of the temperature dependence of the dried gel powders was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the crystallization behaviour of the dried amorphous gel powders. It is found that these powders crystallize in tetragonal phase when calcined at 850 °C for 1 h. Estimation of surface area and infra-red characterization have also been carried out for the prepared powders.     

O_2/N_2、O_2/CO_2和O_2/CO_2/NO气氛下煤粉燃烧NO_x排放特性

利用滴管炉研究了O2/N2、O2/CO2和O2/CO2/NO气氛下煤燃烧过程中NOx的排放特性。实验结果表明,在O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛下,高温或高O2浓度均使NO排放量增加。O2/CO2气氛下NO排放量比O2/N2气氛下NO排放量低大约30%~40%。在O2/CO2/NO气氛下,温度不同时,O2浓度变化对NO排放量的影响规律不同,对循环NO降解的影响规律也不同。高温不利于循环NO降解。随停留时间的延长NO排放量出现两个峰值。     

Investigation of the Phase Equilibria of CO2/CH3OH/H2O and CO2/CH3OH/H2O/H2 Mixtures

The storage of excess electricity from renewable energy sources is nowadays a crucial topic. One promising technology is the methanol (CH₃OH) synthesis from H₂/CO₂ mixtures. The achievable one‐pass conversion is limited within this exothermic equilibrium reaction. A possibility to overcome this limitation would be withdrawing CH₃OH and H₂O from the gas phase through in situ condensation under reaction conditions. In this work, the phase equilibrium for mixtures representative for different degrees of conversion was studied. A view cell was employed to determine systematically the single‐ and two‐phase regimes and obtain phase envelopes for mixtures of H₂, CO₂, CH₃OH, and H₂O from 66 to 305 °C and 61 to 233 bar. Furthermore, the densities in the single‐phase area were determined and quantified by an empirical model.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

TiO2／UV／O2和TiO2／UV／N2体系降解水中对氯硝基苯

以商用TiO2P25为催化剂,分别在TiO2/UV/O2和TiO2/UV/N2两种体系下进行降解对氯硝基苯(pCNB)试验.采用ESR对两种体系下光催化反应形成的.OH进行测定,利用LC-MS对两种体系下反应形成的中间产物进行了定性和定量分析,最后对pCNB降解过程中氯和硝基的存在形式进行了研究.结果表明:TiO2/UV/O2体系的催化降解效果要明显优于TiO2/UV/N2体系;两种反应体系都有.OH产生,并且TiO2/UV/O2体系产生的.OH的量多于TiO2/UV/N2体系产生的.OH的量;TiO2/UV/O2体系形成的中间产物的种类要多于TiO2/UV/N2体系形成的,苯环上的氢、氯、硝基均可被.OH取代形成对硝基酚(pNP)、5-氯-2-硝基酚(5-C-2-PN)等酚类物质;两种体系下均有Cl-和NO2-存在,其中Cl-生成势与pCNB的去除势一致,只有TiO2/UV/O2体系中存在NO3-.     

Prediction of Immiscibility Boundaries of the Systems K2O-SiO2, K2O-Li20-SiO2, K20-Na2O-Si02, and K2O-BaO-SiO2

In earlier work, a prediction method of the immiscibility boundary of a ternary silicate glass system was developed involving two known binary immiscibility boundaries and a measured immiscibility temperature of one ternary glass composition. In the present work, the method is extended to the case where one of the two binary immiscibility boundaries is not known and is applied as an example to ternary silicate systems containing K₂O. First, the immiscibility boundary of the system K₂O-SiO₂ is estimated by measuring the immiscibility temperatures of three glasses in the system K₂O-Li₂O (or Na₂O)-SiO₂. Using this result the immiscibility boundaries of the systems K₂O-Li₂O-SiO₂, K₂O-Na₂O-SiO₂, and K₂O-BaO-SiO₂ are estimated. The results agree reasonably well with the experimentally determined immiscibility temperatures at selected compositions.     

Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2一ZrO2复合陶瓷膜的制备与表征

采用Sol—Gel法制备出掺杂SiO2，TiO2及ZrO2改性的γ-Al2O3膜，并通过SEM，EPMA，AFM等测试手段对膜结构和性能进行表征。探讨了制膜工艺条件对膜性能及结构的影响。制备的Al2O3复合膜膜厚为1—2μm，结构均匀无缺陷。