电絮凝集成技术及应用研究进展

介绍了电絮凝原理及集成技术在水处理领域中的应用研究进展,作为一种利用电解产生的金属离子及其多核羟基络合物和氢氧化物将溶液中污染物进行凝聚、吸附与氧化的水处理技术,电絮凝具有去除效率高、操作控制简便、污泥产出量少、处理成本低等优点。指出电絮凝与其他水处理工艺组合可进一步提高污染物去除效率并降低系统能耗,认为未来电絮凝集成技术研究主要集中于电絮凝集成工艺关键环节强化以及与集成工艺匹配的电絮凝设备结构优化,从而发挥组合工艺优势,提高系统处理能效。     

强化壳聚糖絮凝性能研究进展

从壳聚糖的絮凝机理入手,详细阐述了增加壳聚糖的溶解性、改变壳聚糖在溶液中的分子构象、确定适宜操作条件等提高壳聚糖絮凝性能的方法,并介绍了壳聚糖在各个领域的强化研究成果。最后对壳聚糖的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

电絮凝法进行废水处理的研究进展

综述了电絮凝法处理废水的原理和特点,解析Al3+、Fe3+的水解聚合过程,并探讨相关影响因素的作用,包括电极材料、pH、电流密度等,列举了电絮凝法的部分实际应用,包括处理废水中的铬、磷、氟、染料污染物等,并提出目前研究和应用存在的问题及今后该技术的发展方向.     

电絮凝电极钝化的影响因素及消除技术研究进展

电絮凝技术广泛应用于污废水处理当中,耗时短、占地小、处理效率高的特点,让其应用前景广阔。但是电絮凝过程中电极表面容易产生钝化膜,从而阻碍电絮凝反应,增加能源消耗,降低其应用效率。本文综述了电絮凝反应过程中影响电极钝化的主要因素以及消除电极钝化方法的研究进展,最后进行了简要的总结与展望。     

电絮凝工艺处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液

介绍了电絮凝法去除垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机污染物的试验。结果表明,电絮凝法处理本试验垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件为：极板材料采用铁电极,极板间距为20mm,pH为6～8,电流强度为3A。最佳条件下对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除率可以达到65．4％。     

电絮凝法处理含油废水的研究

通过石墨-石墨、铝-石墨、铅-石墨、铁-石墨和铝-铁等5种电极组合分别处理含32#机油的废水。研究发现，铝-石墨为最佳电极组合，通过正交实验设计，选择固体悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)和含油量的去除率较大的条件是：电解质(NaCl)为3g，电解电压为10V，电解时间为25min。     

电絮凝处理模拟铬黑T染料废水

电絮凝(EC)具有成本低、操作简单、无需添加药剂、污泥少以及无二次污染等优点。采用电絮凝技术处理模拟铬黑T(EBT)染料废水，研究了不同电解质及其浓度、电流密度、初始pH以及溶液初始浓度对染料废水的脱色率和化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明，该技术对染料废水的色度和COD的去除均有良好的去除效果，在纯Al板为电极，染料废水浓度为100 mg/L，极板间距为15 mm,NaCl浓度为0.75 g/L，电流密度为10 mA/cm²，溶液初始pH为6的实验条件下，电解20 min，脱色率可达97.5%,COD去除率为61.3%。电絮凝过程中不仅可以产生有较强吸附作用的絮体，还可以产生能够破坏染料分子中发色基团的强氧化性物质，从而降低废水的色度和COD含量。因此，电絮凝技术在染料废水的处理方面有一定的应用前景。     

水处理电絮凝技术的应用与发展

电絮凝是近年来发展很快的一种技术，已广泛应用于废水及给水处理中。本文介绍其基本原理和在水处理中的应用情况，预测其未来的发展前景，对存在的问题进行讨论。     

电絮凝在废水处理中的研究及应用

首先介绍了电絮凝的作用机理以及电絮凝应用中的优缺点,然后介绍了电絮凝在重金属废水、含油废水、含磷废水3种典型废水中的具体应用和电絮凝技术的改进方向,最后对电絮凝技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

絮凝技术在污水强化一级处理中的应用

综述了絮凝技术在化学强化一级工艺、生物强化一级工艺及化学生物絮凝工艺中的应用及研究现状,在比较分析不同污水强化一级处理工艺的絮凝原理及絮凝效果的基础上,提出了化学生物絮凝工艺将是其发展趋势.     

铝铁电极电絮凝法处理镀镉废水的研究

为了探讨电絮凝法对钢铁厂镀镉废水的处理效果,先对铝铁电极活化预处理后,采用电絮凝法原理对镀镉废水中的镉离子去除净化。系统地分析了铝电极的极化效应,对影响絮凝体的平均粒径、含量、镉离子去除率的因素进行探讨。结果表明：最佳电解时间为70 min,此时絮凝体平均粒径为54 μm,含量为3.80 g/L。铝铁电极的阳极极化效应强于阴极极化效应。当起始pH=4.0、极板间距为20 mm、极板电压为5 V、电流密度为30 mA/cm²时,Cd²⁺初级去除率达到96.8%,三级去除率超过99.9%,废水中Cd²⁺含量达到国家现行电镀污染物排放标准。采用电絮凝法通过铝铁电极处理镀镉废水的实验效果优良。     

集成反应器微滤过程中湍流促进器的研究

采用湍流促进器对陶瓷膜分离TiO2超细粒子悬浆液微滤过程进行了强化研究。考察了湍流促进器结构参数对强化过程的影响,确定了合适的湍流促进器为螺旋式湍流促进器,其结构参数为螺杆直径2 mm,螺距20 mm;探讨了湍流促进器的强化机理,同时对湍流促进器的有效性进行了实验考察。研究表明,采用这种方法提高了渗透通量。     

Removal of manganese from water by electrocoagulation: Adsorption,kinetics and thermodynamic studies

The present study provides an electrocoagulation process for the removal of manganese (Mn) from water using magnesium as anode and galvanised iron as cathode. The various operating parameters like effect of initial pH, current density, electrode configuration, inter‐electrode distance, coexisting ions and temperature on the removal efficiency of Mn were studied. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 97.2% at a pH of 7.0 was achieved at a current density 0.05 A/dm² with an energy consumption of 1.151 kWhr/m³. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy, indicated that the Mn adsorption of water on magnesium hydroxides was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. The experimental data were fitted with several adsorption isotherm models to describe the electrocoagulation process. The adsorption of Mn preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules. In addition, the adsorption kinetic studies showed that the electrocoagulation process was best described using the second‐order kinetic model at the various current densities. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

为强化石油回采捕集CO2的全周期评估

The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.     

Decolorization,mineralization, and toxicity reduction of acid orange 6 by iron‐sacrificed plates in the electrocoagulation process

In this study, electrocoagulation (EC) was used to investigate the decolorization and mineralization of an azo dye solution, as well as biodegradation enhancement and toxicity reduction. Initial pH, flow rate, and acid orange 6 concentration were investigated, and the optimum operational parameters were found to be pH = 4, flow rate (Q) = 0.3 to 0.5 L min^?1, and current density = 68.3 A dm^?2. With these optimal parameters, total organic carbon and color removal efficiencies of 40% and 98% were achieved, respectively. Biodegradation was evaluated using the ratio of the 5‐day biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD), which was 0.19 to 0.25 initially and increased to the range 0.25 to 0.4 after EC treatment, indicating that biodegradability was significantly enhanced. The mean effective concentration (EC₅₀) was measured to represent the toxicity of the solution. Initial EC₅₀ values ranged from 25 to 6.6%, which represent extremely toxic to very toxic solutions. After EC treatment, the toxicity levels were reduced significantly, suggesting that the EC process could be a promising method for reducing the toxicity of textile wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

靛蓝废水无机盐环境下铝极板溶解与电化学行为分析

为提升靛蓝染色废水电絮凝效率，确定电絮凝过程中最佳水解金属盐形态形成条件，采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法探讨电絮凝过程中初始pH、共存阴离子种类、电流密度对铝盐形态分布的影响，同时监测絮体Zeta电位、终止pH、体系电流与电导率的变化。通过显微观察电极溶解腐蚀情况，利用电化学工作站测定电极的极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱，分析其电化学行为。结果表明：靛蓝废水电絮凝过程中，最佳初始pH范围为6 ~7，此时具有优势絮凝形态的Alb含量较高；Cl-的加入可抑制电极钝化，提升电絮凝反应速率；低电流密度有利于电极均匀腐蚀和Alb的存在，电流密度为15 mA/cm2时体系内Alb含量达4.76 mg/L，可产生较好絮凝效果。     

Chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes: history,present status and future prospects

The historical development, current status and future prospects of chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODCs) are summarized. Over the last decades, membrane chlor-alkali technology has been optimized to such an extent that no substantial reduction of the energy demand can be expected from further process modifications. However, replacement of the hydrogen evolving cathodes in the classical membrane cells by ODCs allows for reduction of the cell voltage and correspondingly the energy consumption of up to 30%. This replacement requires the development of appropriate cathode materials and novel electrolysis cell designs. Due to their superior long-term stability, ODCs based on silver catalysts are very promising for oxygen reduction in concentrated NaOH solutions. Finite-gap falling film cells appear to be the technically most mature design among the several ODC electrolysis cells that have been investigated.

气体膜分离技术在我国的发展现状与展望

对我国气体膜分离技术的发展历史和现状以及国外气体膜技术应用情况进行了概述性介绍。对我国气体膜技术的发展进行了展望，对该项技术的发展特点、膜材料、制膜工艺以及应用过程发展方向进行了详细描述。指出集成分离过程的研究开发是我国今后气体分离技术发展的重要方向之一。     

电力绝缘用六氟化硫替代物的过去、现在和未来

本文综述了电力绝缘用SF6替代物的开发方法、发展现状和未来趋势。其开发方法包括替代物的设计与确认（物性、安全性评价、环境影响的评价等）、合成、产业化等内容。目前，开发出的SF6替代物包括SF6混合气体、饱和卤代烃、氢氟烯烃、全氟酮和全氟腈，其中七氟异丁腈的绝缘性能优异，是SF6最佳的替代物。同时文中综述了现有七氟异丁腈的合成路线，其中以碳酰氟和六氟丙烯为起始原料催化反应合成七氟异丁腈的路线，具有高效、绿色、环保的优点。以过去发展历程和现在发现现状为基础，展望了SF6替代物的未来发展趋势，提出今后的研究重点在于全面开发七氟异丁腈的应用配套设备，下一代SF6替代物及其绿色、高效的产业化路线。