椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠复配性能研究

考察椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB-35)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)复配体系的稳定性、表面性能、泡沫性能和润湿性能。结果表明,复配体系稳定性良好,在28%质量浓度范围内为均匀透明的溶液;复配体系具有一定的协同作用,在m(CAB-35)∶m(AEC-9)=8∶2时,临界胶束浓度为最小值52.95 mg/L,最小表面张力26.4 mN/m,表面的饱和吸附量达到最大(7.19×10~(-6)mol/m~2),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×10~(-18)m~2)。在此比例下,复配体系的表面活性最高,同时发泡能力、稳泡性和润湿性也达到最优值。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠复配性能研究

考察椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB-35)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)复配体系的稳定性、表面性能、泡沫性能和润湿性能。结果表明,复配体系稳定性良好,在28%质量浓度范围内为均匀透明的溶液;复配体系具有一定的协同作用,在m(CAB-35)∶m(AEC-9)=8∶2时,临界胶束浓度为最小值52.95 mg/L,最小表面张力26.4 mN/m,表面的饱和吸附量达到最大(7.19×10^(-6)mol/m(-6)mol/m²),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×102),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×10^(-18)m(-18)m²)。在此比例下,复配体系的表面活性最高,同时发泡能力、稳泡性和润湿性也达到最优值。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱改性粘土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAB）对粘土进行改性,制备改性粘土/丁腈橡胶（NBR）纳米复合材料,并对其结构与性能进行研究。结果表明：改性后的粘土层间距增大,NBR与改性粘土形成了有序插层型纳米复合材料,不同种类的有机粘土在橡胶基体中均达到纳米分散;随着CAB用量的增大,改性粘土在橡胶基体中的分散变好,填料网络结构增强,复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、撕裂强度增大,定伸应力变化不大;与有机粘土I.30P和I.44P相比,当粘土阳离子交换容量与CAB的摩尔比为1∶5时,改性粘土对NBR的补强效果最佳。     

脂肪酰胺丙基甜菜碱的制备与匀染性能

精制后泔水油(PGO)与N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(PDA)和氯乙酸钠作用制得了脂肪酰胺丙基甜菜碱(FAB);以羊毛织物为染色材料,对FAB的匀染性能进行了考察。结果表明,当n(PGO):n(PDA)=1:3.15,在120℃和相当于PGO质量1.0%的催化剂氢氧化钾的作用下,酰胺化反应2～2.5h,得到收率超过97%的中间体脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基胺(FAA);于80～85℃,FAA再与等摩尔的氯乙酸钠季铵化反应5～6h,得到红棕色透明黏稠状可流动两性表面活性剂FAB,收率达93%。应用实验表明,m(织物):m(水)=1:50,pH=3.5,用织物质量1%的染料,织物质量1%的FAB,80℃,染色60min时,染料上染率78%,移染性和匀染性可与汽巴两性匀染剂AlbegalSet媲美,且染色牢度不受影响。     

甜菜碱类酸化自转向剂的性能评价

自转向酸对于非均质储层酸化效果较好,通过室内实验对芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂用作酸化自转向剂进行了性能评价。结果表明,甜菜碱自转向剂体系黏度随着pH升高先增大后稳定,Ca⁽²⁺⁾能够显著增加残酸黏度。当pH值为4时,5%甜菜碱JAB浓度的酸液黏度最大值可达414 mPa·s。体系具有较好的耐温性和抗剪切性,在90℃时170 s(2+)能够显著增加残酸黏度。当pH值为4时,5%甜菜碱JAB浓度的酸液黏度最大值可达414 mPa·s。体系具有较好的耐温性和抗剪切性,在90℃时170 s^(-1)下黏度仍可达220 mPa·s,且破胶性能好,破胶后黏度<5 mPa·s,易返排,对储层伤害小。双岩心并联流动实验表明,甜菜碱自转向酸化效果明显,对低渗透岩心的渗透率改善率可达78.2%,可满足非均质碳酸盐岩储层的酸化转向需要。     

烷基糖苷与其他表面活性剂的复配性能研究

以山芋淀粉作为原料,采用间接法合成,得到非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG),将其与OP-10、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行复配,结果表明,烷基糖苷是一种性能优异的表面活性剂。     

一种化妆品复配保湿剂的性能研究

根据保湿机理,甘油葡糖苷、聚甘油-10和木糖醇葡糖苷保湿剂复配,通过体外称重法对复配保湿剂的吸湿和保湿性能进行评价,优选复配保湿剂的较佳配比。在此基础上将较优配比的复配保湿剂应用在乳液配方中,采用皮肤水分含量和经表皮水分流失人体测试综合评估其保湿性能。由实验结果可知,甘油葡糖苷、聚甘油-10和木糖醇葡糖苷保湿剂具有协同增效作用,能显著提高皮肤水分含量,增强皮肤屏障功能,保湿性能更佳。     

一种环保型乳化剂复配体系的研究

研究了淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠盐阴离子型表面活性剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的混合体系的乳化力的变化规律,找出复配体系的最佳配方,将其乳化性与常用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚进行比较。结果表明,复配后的体系有较低的表面张力,对菜油的乳化性与烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚相当,对变压器油的乳化性优于烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚。且该体系浊点高,泡沫稳定,乳化性能好。     

烷基糖苷与阴离子表面活性剂 复配体系的泡沫和润湿性能

将发泡力及泡沫稳定性较好的2种烷基糖苷表面活性剂月桂基糖苷(APG1214)和椰油基糖苷(APG0814B64)分别与4种阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)、十二烷基硫酸铵(K12A)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(AESA)复配,考察复配体系的发泡性能和润湿性能。结果表明,APG1214与K12、AES在泡沫性能和润湿性能上都表现出显著的协同增效作用,而与K12A、AESA的协同增效作用主要体现在润湿性能上。APG0814B64与K12、AES在发泡性能方面表现出协同增效作用。     

烷基糖苷与阴、非离子表面活性剂复配性能的研究

烷基糖苷（alkyl polyglycoside）简称APG,是一种重要的新型绿色表面活性剂,其表面张力低,临界胶束浓度低,胶束聚集数大,增溶作用强,配伍性好,具有优良的乳化、分散、去污性能,生物降解完全且无毒,被誉为＂世界级＂的表面活性剂,有着广泛的工业前景。通过对烷基糖苷与阴离子（十二烷基硫酸钠）、非离子（AEO-9）的复配性能,即在复配物总质量一定的条件下,配制不同比例的溶液,对其复配后的表面张力、润湿力、乳化力、浊点、泡沫性和耐碱性等进行了分析研究。     

Experimental study on the drainage gas recovery of an environmentally friendly nanofluid in tight gas reservoirs

The efficiency of gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs has been a challenge in the oil and gas industry for the past decade because conventional drainage or water-controlled gas recovery technologies typically have poor performance in low-permeability reservoirs. To solve this problem, self-made nanofluid was introduced to enhance drainage gas recovery in a tight gas reservoir. In this paper, nanofluid was prepared by phase reversal technology for application in a tight gas reservoir. Its thermal, acidic, alkaline, and salty stabilities were systematically investigated by using light transmittance as a shortcut index. At the same time, its biodegradability and biotoxicity were evaluated based on the industry/national standard, and the effectiveness of its drainage gas recovery was studied by dynamic gas–water percolation. The results showed that the self-made nanofluid can be effectively used for drainage gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs. The nanofluid has chemical stability and is environmentally friendly, which fully conforms to the contemporary development trend of the oil and gas industry. The nanofluid can shift the isotonic point of the gas–water relative permeability to the left (its minimum is 1.83% at 6.25 wt.% and maximum is 4.78% at 100 wt.%) and reduce the irreducible water saturation (its minimum is 8.84% at 6.25 wt.% and maximum is 4.28% at 100 wt.%), achieving the purpose of the enhancement of drainage gas recovery. The research results provide technical support for the application of nanofluid to improve the gas production in tight gas reservoirs.     

环保型聚氨酯胶粘剂的研制

以聚醚多元醇、环氧树脂、甲苯二异氰酸酯和MOCA为原料制得了双组分环保型聚氨酯胶粘剂。考查了聚醚多元醇与环氧树脂的配比,A与B组分配比及表面处理工艺对拉伸剪切强度的影响。结果表明,当m(聚醚多元醇)︰m(环氧树脂)=100︰11,m(A)︰m(B)=6︰3.5时,拉伸剪切强度较高,达到8.02 MPa;恰当的表面处理工艺对提高拉伸剪切强度是有利的。     

一种环保型化学清洗剂的研制及性能研究

以柠檬酸、氨基磺酸、聚天冬氨酸钠、硫脲和助剂制备了一种固体环保型化学清洗剂.采用静态挂片和振动摇床试验法对清洗剂的腐蚀和生物降解性能进行了测定.采用极化曲线法和腐蚀试片扫描电子显微镜照相分别对缓蚀机理进行了研究.结果表明,该清洗剂对碳钢、不锈钢、铜和铝具有优良的缓蚀性能,28天后降解率可达94%以上.     

Development of an environmentally friendly solventless process for electronic prepregs

The most common commercial processes for manufacturing prepregs for electronic applications use solvent‐based resin systems. Solvents are not environmentally friendly and contribute to voids in prepregs and laminates. The resin impregnation process is performed in an open resin bath. This low‐pressure impregnation is conducive to voids in prepregs. Voids cause product variability, which is a major source of scrap in board shops. To eliminate these drawbacks, a solventless process, based on the concept of injection pultrusion, has been developed. The impregnation is performed in a die under pressure to minimize voids. In previous work, chemorheological and kinetic measurements were used to identify a potential epoxy‐based resin system. In addition, flow visualization with model fluids was used to establish the basic flow mechanism. Here we use the previous results to develop a mathematical model for the B‐staging process. A prototype B‐staging die has been built and used to verify the mathematical model. The results show that the model agrees well with the experimental data for low pulling speeds and slightly underpredicts the runs at high pulling speeds. The properties of the prepregs, the dielectric constant (DK) and dielectric loss (DF), have also been measured in this research. The measurements show that the solventless prepregs have acceptable DK and DF values according to the Institute for Printed Circuits FR‐4 designation (a permittivity and tangent loss standard). A microscope has been used to observe the void contents of the prepregs. The solventless prepregs have been compared against standard FR‐4 prepregs and shown qualitatively to have fewer voids. Based on the mathematical model, two potential process alternatives for the manufacture of solventless prepregs have been developed and analyzed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1136–1146, 2004     

建设环境友好型炼油企业方案研究

针对某炼油企业现存的环保隐患,分别对企业的废水、废气、废渣污染源设计了治理方案,对装置和工艺进行技术改造,同时对污染源监测数据分析的滞后现状提出了自动在线监测和监控系统的方案,对突发性重大环境污染事件制定应急处理防御预案。该方案的设计为其他炼油企业建设环境友好型企业提供了参考。     

Synthesis and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly filtrate reducing agent from humic acid and organic silicon

In this study, organic silicon was introduced to humic acid for the first time, and set the novel polymer NaHm/AMPS/AM/TSP-L12 (HASSi) as an environmentally friendly filtrate reducing agent, which was developed by using silica modified material (TSP-L12), sodium humic acid (NaHm), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (AMPS), and acrylamide (AM) as raw materials. The molecular structure, chemical composition of HASSi has been investigated and results show that HASSi shows the chemical structure was conformed to the molecular design. Differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis results illustrate that thermal decomposition temperature of HASSi under nitrogen was 250°C. Though temperature resistance evaluations, HASSi could withstand temperature up to 230°C. Salt and calcium resistance evaluations confirmed its resistance of NaCl could reach up to 5% and CaCl₂ to 0.5%. The filtrate reduce mechanism of HASSi was investigated through various methods, including scanning electron microscope analysis of HASSi aqueous solution, microstructure of filter cake, measurements of zeta potential, and particle size distribution, results showed that HASSi participation in the formation of mud cakes and illustrated an excellent filtration reduction effect. In addition, HASSi was identified as an environmentally friendly filter loss reducing agent through environmental performance evaluation, which shows a great application prospect in oilfield.     

Evaluation of an environmentally friendly anticorrosive pigment for alkyd primer

An alkyd formulation containing zinc phosphate (10 wt.%) was prepared and subsequently modified replacing the latter anticorrosive additive by a very low concentration of conducting polymer. Specifically, three modified paints, which contain polyaniline emeraldine base (undoped form), polyaniline emeraldine salt (doped form) and an eco-friendly polythiophene derivative (partially oxidized), were formulated. The properties and corrosion resistance of the four alkyd coatings have been characterized. Among the three modified paints, the one containing polythiophene shows the best adherence and the highest corrosion resistance. This has been attributed to the fact that the miscibility of the polythiophene derivative with the alkyd formulation is better than that of polyaniline. Furthermore, accelerated corrosion assays and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the corrosion resistance of the paint with polythiophene is several orders of magnitude higher than that with zinc phosphate. The polythiophene derivative has been found to induce the formation of a passivating and well-adhered layer between the coating and the surface, preventing the access of chloride anions and oxygen to the substrate.     

气田泡沫排水采气起泡剂研究进展

经国内外文献调研,对常规气田、非常规气田常用的起泡剂进行了综述,详细阐述了常规离子型起泡剂(包含阴离子型起泡剂、阳离子型起泡剂、两性离子型起泡剂三类)、常规非离子型起泡剂、高分子聚合物型起泡剂、复合型起泡剂的合成配方、适用条件、使用效果、优缺点等,最后提出了针对气田泡沫排水采气起泡剂未来发展的几点建议.     

一种环保型阻垢缓蚀剂的性能

以聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）、聚丙烯酸（PAA）、水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）、苯并三氮唑（BTA）为原料,研制出一种新型具有环保功能的复合型高效阻垢缓蚀剂。通过正交试验确定该阻垢缓蚀剂中各组分的最佳浓度为：PESA(1.0 mg/L)/PAA(1.0 mg/L)/HPMA (0.6 mg/L)/BTA(0.5 mg/L)。分别采用鼓泡法、电化学试验和旋转挂片腐蚀试验研究了其阻垢缓蚀性能。试验结果表明,该阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢率为92%,对A3碳钢、铜、不锈钢的缓蚀率分别达到了83%、97%、99%,动态模拟试验结果也显示该阻垢缓蚀剂满足循环冷却水运行要求。     

气田泡沫排水采气起泡剂研究进展

经国内外文献调研,对常规气田、非常规气田常用的起泡剂进行了综述,详细阐述了常规离子型起泡剂(包含阴离子型起泡剂、阳离子型起泡剂、两性离子型起泡剂三类)、常规非离子型起泡剂、高分子聚合物型起泡剂、复合型起泡剂的合成配方、适用条件、使用效果、优缺点等,最后提出了针对气田泡沫排水采气起泡剂未来发展的几点建议。