特殊润湿性表面的油水分离研究进展

以油水分离的材料表面润湿性为主线,介绍了特殊润湿性表面的制备机理,分析了超疏水超亲油、超亲水超亲油、超亲水超疏油、可转换润湿性的智能表面的优缺点,提出了特殊润湿性材料在油水分离方面的改进方向.未来特殊润湿性材料表面必定向环保、低廉、多功能的方向发展.     

特殊润湿性吸附材料的油水分离研究进展

综述了超润湿性吸附材料在油水分离中的应用,分析了超疏水超亲油材料、超亲水水下超疏油材料或超亲水超疏油材料及转换润湿性的智能吸附材料的优缺点.经过对油水分离的操作方式、分离效率等方面的多方对比,提出了特殊润湿性吸附材料在油水分离方面存在的不足、改进方向和展望.     

特殊润湿性吸附材料的油水分离研究进展

综述了超润湿性吸附材料在油水分离中的应用,分析了超疏水超亲油材料、超亲水水下超疏油材料或超亲水超疏油材料及转换润湿性的智能吸附材料的优缺点。经过对油水分离的操作方式、分离效率等方面的多方对比,提出了特殊润湿性吸附材料在油水分离方面存在的不足、改进方向和展望。     

特殊润湿性油水分离材料的研究进展

频繁发生的溢油事故使得生态环境受到严重的危害,特殊润湿性材料因具有对油水两相润湿性不同的特点被广泛应用于油水分离领域,具有高效的分离效果.对特殊润湿性油水分离材料的制备方法进行了简单介绍.根据除油方式的不同将其分为过滤型、吸附型及可选择性分离的智能型材料,并详细介绍了过滤型材料的各种基材包括金属网、纺织物、聚合物膜等,...     

特殊浸润性膜的油水分离研究进展

以特殊浸润材料的浸润机理出发,介绍了构建具有特殊浸润性膜的方法,阐述了\"去油型\"、\"去水型\"、\"智能控制型\"分离膜的研究成果。具有特殊浸润性的膜分离效率高、循环性能好,在处理油水混合物方面有极大的潜力。对其现存的问题及未来发展进行了展望,认为需要开发出分离性能好、抗污染性能优异、可大规模生产的商业膜;需要解决分离后乳化剂的去除问题,以及在分离过程中对膜污染的清洗方式、清洗效果;迫切需要开发出一种可同时分离\"油包水\"\"水包油\"混合物的高效简单分离膜。     

特殊浸润性膜材料的油水分离研究进展

本文简要介绍了含油废水的特点和特殊浸润性膜材料的基础理论,总结了不同特殊浸润性有机膜和无机膜材料在油水分离中的应用,并对特殊浸润性膜材料的后续研究方向做出展望。     

超小型油水分离旋流管的研究

论述了一种超小型旋流管的研究过程。该新型旋流管具有双进口、弧锥体的结构特征。设计了两种规格HL2 8和HL1 8(即公称直径分别为 2 8mm和 1 8mm)。通过对新型旋流管进行实验测试 ,HL2 8型优于国际上正在采用的Thew型双锥体和Amoco型单锥体旋流器 ,并且HL1 8型比HL2 8型旋流管有更高的分离效率。     

聚乳酸基油水分离材料研究进展

介绍了具有超疏水⁃超亲油和可生物降解特性的新型聚乳酸（PLA）油水分离材料,并对比分析了纯PLA和PLA基油水分离材料材料的研究和应用现状,得出利用PLA作为主原料或基体材料制备油水分离薄膜,不仅可以达到理想的油水分离效果,并且经过后处理后还可以多次循环使用,是目前理想的油水分离材料之一。最后,对PLA在油水分离应用领域的发展方向提出了建议。     

二维MXene材料在油水分离领域的研究进展

在石油开采、运输和加工过程中,大量油类污染物不可避免地进入到水体中,造成资源浪费的同时也严重破坏了生态环境。MXene是一种拥有二维片层结构的过渡金属碳/氮化物,由于其特殊的微观结构和优异的亲水性,已在油水分离领域得到了研究者的广泛关注。然而,MXene的油水分离研究还处在起步阶段,分离机理也有待进一步明确。首先归纳总结了MXene纳米片的制备方法,从MXene表面润湿性原理的角度出发,结合MXene独特的物理化学性质,从理论上论证了MXene材料应用于油水分离领域的可行性。其次,综述了当前MXene基吸附材料与MXene基膜材料在油水分离领域的最新研究进展,证明了MXene材料能有效地处理不同类型的含油废水,并系统地分析了MXene材料对于油污的吸附和分离机理。最后,归纳了目前MXene在油水处理过程中面临的各种挑战,并对MXene在油水分离领域的未来发展做了展望。     

碳基复合材料在油水分离领域的研究进展

海上石油泄漏和工业含油废水严重威胁着水生环境和人类健康,因此对含油废水的治理已成为一个广泛关注的热点。碳基复合材料因其独特的物理化学性质,在油水分离领域展现出广阔的应用前景。综述了近年来碳基复合材料在油水分离领域的研究进展,首先从表面润湿性的角度阐述了油水分离的理论基础,之后分类评述了不同类型碳基复合材料,如石墨基复合材料、碳纳米管复合材料、碳基气凝胶等在油水分离领域的应用可行性以及改性方式。最后,展望了碳基复合材料在油水分离领域的发展方向,提出未来应侧重于开发具有可切换润湿性以同时吸附多种污染物组分的碳基材料,耐极端环境的高稳定性碳基材料,以及具有自清洁、自修复等特殊功能的碳基材料。     

Metallic surfaces with special wettability

Metals are important and irreplaceable engineered materials in our society. Nature is a school for scientists and engineers, which has long served as a source of inspiration for humans. Inspired by nature, a variety of metallic surfaces with special wettability have been fabricated in recent years through the combination of surface micro- and nanostructures and chemical composition. These metallic surfaces with special wettability exhibit important applications in anti-corrosion, microfluidic systems, oil-water separation, liquid transportation, and other fields. Recent achievements in the fabrication and application of metallic surfaces with special wettability are presented in this review. The research prospects and directions of this field are also briefly addressed. We hope this review will be beneficial to expand the practical applications of metals and offer some inspirations to the researchers in the fields of engineering, biomedicine, and materials science.     

Bioinspired surfaces with special wettability

Biomimetic research indicates that many phenomena regarding wettability in nature, such as the self-cleaning effect on a lotus leaf and cicada wing, the anisotropic dewetting behavior on a rice leaf, and striking superhydrophobic force provided by a water strider's leg, are all related to the unique micro- and nanostructures on the surfaces. It gives us much inspiration to realize special wettability on functional surfaces through the cooperation between the chemical composition and the surface micro- and nanostructures, which may bring great advantages in a wide variety of applications in daily life, industry, and agriculture. This Account reviews recent progress in these aspects.     

废矿物油水分离技术研究进展

着重综述了目前主流的两类油水分离技术(过滤分离和吸附分离技术)的研究进展,包括分离技术的原理和适用范围、高性能过滤/吸附材料的构建和制备、分离性能的表征和优缺点分析。油水分离技术的研发具有广阔的应用前景,开发新型高效的过滤/吸附材料,提升其分离性能和抗环境干扰能力,降低生产成本,是该领域发展的主要方向。     

Toward efficient water/oil separation material: Effect of copolymer composition on pH‐responsive wettability and separation performance

Interest in functional soft matter with stimuli‐responsive wettability has increasingly intensified in recent years. From the chemical product engineering viewpoint, this study aims to fabricate reversible pH‐responsive polymeric surfaces with controllable wettability using [poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐block‐ poly(acrylic acid) (PHFBMA‐b‐PAA)] block copolymers. To attain this aim, three block copolymers with different PAA segment lengths were synthesized for the first time through Cu(0)‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization and hydrolysis reaction. pH‐induced controllable wettability was achieved by spin‐coating the resulting block copolymers onto silicon wafers. Results showed that the pH‐responsive wetting behavior was introduced by incorporating the PAA block, and that the responsiveness of as‐fabricated surfaces was greatly influenced by PAA content. All three evolutions of water contact angle with pH shared a similar inflection point at pH 5.25. Furthermore, on the basis of the wetting properties and mechanism understanding, the application of copolymer coated meshes in layered water/oil separation was exploited. Given their superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₁₄₈ and PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₂₁₁ coated stainless steel meshes (SSMs) can efficiently separate water from different mixtures of organic solvent and water with high flux. However, considering long‐term use, the PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₁₄₈ coated SSM with good stability may be the best copolymer for water/oil separation. Therefore, a coordination of structure, composition, and functionality was necessary to enable practical applications of the functional materials. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1758–1771, 2016     

重力油水分离技术研究进展

重力油水分离是分离水中油的一种物理方法,同其他分离技术相比,重力分离过程具有不需外加动力、装置制造成本和运行费用低、维护简便、大规模推广容易、回收的油可再利用等优点.作者重点介绍了重力油水分离技术的基本原理和特点,阐述了重力油水分离技术装备研究的进展状况,并讨论了重力油水分离技术的发展方向.     

对油水乳浊液分离的研究

本文主要研究了操作条件的改变对分离效果的影响，在研究中还考察了NaCl和絮凝剂加入乳浊液后对分离过程产生的增效作用。得到了一个与实验数据相关联的数学方程，为估算油的去除率提供了一个有用的工具。在电浮选装置中采用不溶电极，为今后的分离技术提供了一个新思路。     

Bioinspired steel surfaces with extreme wettability contrast

The exterior structures of natural organisms have continuously evolved by controlling wettability, such as the Namib Desert beetle, whose back has hydrophilic/hydrophobic contrast for water harvesting by mist condensation in dry desert environments, and some plant leaves that have hierarchical micro/nanostructures to collect or repel liquid water. In this work, we have provided a method for wettability contrast on alloy steels by both nano-flake or needle patterns and tuning of the surface energy. Steels were provided with hierarchical micro/nanostructures of Fe oxides by fluorination and by a subsequent catalytic reaction of fluorine ions on the steel surfaces in water. A hydrophobic material was deposited on the structured surfaces, rendering superhydrophobicity. Plasma oxidization induces the formation of superhydrophilic surfaces on selective regions surrounded by superhydrophobic surfaces. We show that wettability contrast surfaces align liquid water within patterned hydrophilic regions during the condensation process. Furthermore, this method could have a greater potential to align other liquids or living cells.     

气/汽-液相分离技术研究进展

从相分离原理的角度出发,分别介绍了惯性力相分离、离心力相分离以及毛细力相分离技术。其中,惯性力相分离技术主要介绍T型管的应用,毛细力相分离技术分别介绍了毛细管、多孔膜以及金属丝网3种主要结构。同时简要评价了各相分离技术的优缺点及发展趋势。