特殊润湿性表面的油水分离研究进展

以油水分离的材料表面润湿性为主线,介绍了特殊润湿性表面的制备机理,分析了超疏水超亲油、超亲水超亲油、超亲水超疏油、可转换润湿性的智能表面的优缺点,提出了特殊润湿性材料在油水分离方面的改进方向.未来特殊润湿性材料表面必定向环保、低廉、多功能的方向发展.     

特殊润湿性吸附材料的油水分离研究进展

综述了超润湿性吸附材料在油水分离中的应用,分析了超疏水超亲油材料、超亲水水下超疏油材料或超亲水超疏油材料及转换润湿性的智能吸附材料的优缺点。经过对油水分离的操作方式、分离效率等方面的多方对比,提出了特殊润湿性吸附材料在油水分离方面存在的不足、改进方向和展望。     

特殊润湿性油水分离材料的研究进展

频繁发生的溢油事故使得生态环境受到严重的危害,特殊润湿性材料因具有对油水两相润湿性不同的特点被广泛应用于油水分离领域,具有高效的分离效果.对特殊润湿性油水分离材料的制备方法进行了简单介绍.根据除油方式的不同将其分为过滤型、吸附型及可选择性分离的智能型材料,并详细介绍了过滤型材料的各种基材包括金属网、纺织物、聚合物膜等,...     

特殊浸润性膜的油水分离研究进展

以特殊浸润材料的浸润机理出发,介绍了构建具有特殊浸润性膜的方法,阐述了"去油型"、"去水型"、"智能控制型"分离膜的研究成果。具有特殊浸润性的膜分离效率高、循环性能好,在处理油水混合物方面有极大的潜力。对其现存的问题及未来发展进行了展望,认为需要开发出分离性能好、抗污染性能优异、可大规模生产的商业膜;需要解决分离后乳化剂的去除问题,以及在分离过程中对膜污染的清洗方式、清洗效果;迫切需要开发出一种可同时分离"油包水""水包油"混合物的高效简单分离膜。     

特殊浸润性膜材料的油水分离研究进展

本文简要介绍了含油废水的特点和特殊浸润性膜材料的基础理论,总结了不同特殊浸润性有机膜和无机膜材料在油水分离中的应用,并对特殊浸润性膜材料的后续研究方向做出展望。     

超小型油水分离旋流管的研究

论述了一种超小型旋流管的研究过程。该新型旋流管具有双进口、弧锥体的结构特征。设计了两种规格HL2 8和HL1 8(即公称直径分别为 2 8mm和 1 8mm)。通过对新型旋流管进行实验测试 ,HL2 8型优于国际上正在采用的Thew型双锥体和Amoco型单锥体旋流器 ,并且HL1 8型比HL2 8型旋流管有更高的分离效率。     

聚乳酸基油水分离材料研究进展

介绍了具有超疏水⁃超亲油和可生物降解特性的新型聚乳酸（PLA）油水分离材料,并对比分析了纯PLA和PLA基油水分离材料材料的研究和应用现状,得出利用PLA作为主原料或基体材料制备油水分离薄膜,不仅可以达到理想的油水分离效果,并且经过后处理后还可以多次循环使用,是目前理想的油水分离材料之一。最后,对PLA在油水分离应用领域的发展方向提出了建议。     

二维MXene材料在油水分离领域的研究进展

在石油开采、运输和加工过程中,大量油类污染物不可避免地进入到水体中,造成资源浪费的同时也严重破坏了生态环境。MXene是一种拥有二维片层结构的过渡金属碳/氮化物,由于其特殊的微观结构和优异的亲水性,已在油水分离领域得到了研究者的广泛关注。然而,MXene的油水分离研究还处在起步阶段,分离机理也有待进一步明确。首先归纳总结了MXene纳米片的制备方法,从MXene表面润湿性原理的角度出发,结合MXene独特的物理化学性质,从理论上论证了MXene材料应用于油水分离领域的可行性。其次,综述了当前MXene基吸附材料与MXene基膜材料在油水分离领域的最新研究进展,证明了MXene材料能有效地处理不同类型的含油废水,并系统地分析了MXene材料对于油污的吸附和分离机理。最后,归纳了目前MXene在油水处理过程中面临的各种挑战,并对MXene在油水分离领域的未来发展做了展望。     

油水分离充气旋流器的研究进展

充气旋流器是利用离心惯性力强化浮选效果的新型设备，综述了用于油水分离的充气旋流器的结构，分离机理和影响因素的研究进展，并提出展望。     

自愈合油水分离膜的研究进展

随着工业的发展以及海洋石油泄漏事故的频发,产生的含油污水对人类健康和生态环境均有严重威胁,迫切需要发展油水处理材料。膜分离法作为一种高效低能耗的方法被广泛应用于该领域,但在实际应用中容易受到外界机械力损坏或自然环境的影响导致膜分离性能下降甚至丧失。因此,自愈合油水分离膜为此提供了一种新途径,显著提升了膜的附加值。本文介绍了自愈合油水分离膜的制备方法、修复机理和国内外研究现状,针对材料表面微纳粗糙结构及低表面能物质损伤的愈合方式展开论述。指出了自愈合油水分离膜目前存在制备时间长、经济成本高、疏水表面修饰的功能单体单一以及机械强度偏低等问题。提出该领域未来可从降低材料制备成本、发展多功能修饰单体以及实现低表面能物质和表面粗糙结构同步愈合等方向发展,以期为油水分离材料的开发和应用提供参考。     

Metallic surfaces with special wettability

Metals are important and irreplaceable engineered materials in our society. Nature is a school for scientists and engineers, which has long served as a source of inspiration for humans. Inspired by nature, a variety of metallic surfaces with special wettability have been fabricated in recent years through the combination of surface micro- and nanostructures and chemical composition. These metallic surfaces with special wettability exhibit important applications in anti-corrosion, microfluidic systems, oil-water separation, liquid transportation, and other fields. Recent achievements in the fabrication and application of metallic surfaces with special wettability are presented in this review. The research prospects and directions of this field are also briefly addressed. We hope this review will be beneficial to expand the practical applications of metals and offer some inspirations to the researchers in the fields of engineering, biomedicine, and materials science.     

Bioinspired surfaces with special wettability

Biomimetic research indicates that many phenomena regarding wettability in nature, such as the self-cleaning effect on a lotus leaf and cicada wing, the anisotropic dewetting behavior on a rice leaf, and striking superhydrophobic force provided by a water strider's leg, are all related to the unique micro- and nanostructures on the surfaces. It gives us much inspiration to realize special wettability on functional surfaces through the cooperation between the chemical composition and the surface micro- and nanostructures, which may bring great advantages in a wide variety of applications in daily life, industry, and agriculture. This Account reviews recent progress in these aspects.     

废矿物油水分离技术研究进展

着重综述了目前主流的两类油水分离技术(过滤分离和吸附分离技术)的研究进展,包括分离技术的原理和适用范围、高性能过滤/吸附材料的构建和制备、分离性能的表征和优缺点分析。油水分离技术的研发具有广阔的应用前景,开发新型高效的过滤/吸附材料,提升其分离性能和抗环境干扰能力,降低生产成本,是该领域发展的主要方向。     

Fabrication of the superhydrophobic natural cellulosic paper with different wettability and oil/water separation application

Renewable superhydrophobic materials have attracted great attention due to their extensive applications in the fields such as cost-effective and biodegradable oil/water separation field. Herein, we reported an eco-friendly and facile methodology to develop the superhydrophobic cellulosic paper by immersion method using the ethanol solution of stearic acid. Furthermore, the treated cellulosic papers showed super-hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) above 153°. Interestingly, this method can realize superhydrophobic-hydrophilic conversion by simply adjusting the temperature and is amenable for different substrates and with the WCA of 114-162°. More importantly, the utilization of fluorinated reagents has been avoided, thereby minimizing the production cost and improving safety and environmental aspects. Meanwhile, the modified natural cellulosic paper is applied for oil–water separation, and its separation efficiency was as high as 95% after 10 cycles, indicating the good reusability of stearic acid modified filter papers. Consequently, this simple strategy based on the stearic acid immersion method thus provided an easy conversion of superhydrophobic-hydrophilic interface and provided facile strategies for conversion of commercial quantitative filter paper to functional materials for oil/water separation.     

疏水亲油分离膜的润湿性研究进展

疏水亲油分离膜通过透过油相、截留水相而实现油水分离过程,它具有绿色、高效、易于工业放大等特点,在环境保护、水处理、有机液体分离与回收等领域具有广阔的应用前景,已成为膜科学与技术领域的研发热点。本文回顾了润湿方程的发展历史,介绍了表面润湿性和孔径的协同作用对膜分离过程的影响,讨论了疏水亲油分离膜的设计策略,包括在低表面能材料的表面构建粗糙或微纳米结构和使用低表面能材料对粗糙表面进行疏水改性。最后,对疏水亲油分离膜的发展趋势进行了展望,今后需进一步完善表面浸润理论,开发易于工业生产的制膜方法,探究疏水亲油分离膜对复杂油水混合物（如高黏度、多组分）的分离效果。     

面向油水分离的无机膜制备及应用进展

膜技术是处理含油污水及含水油液的有效分离方法。无机膜材料由于可调变的表面性质和良好的稳定性,即使在苛刻的条件下,在分离油水方面表现出优异的分离性能。本文首先阐述了设计与制备油水分离膜的理论基础,包括分离过程中压力驱动力和膜表面特性对膜通量和选择性的影响;然后综述了当前国内外用于油水分离的无机膜的制备及其应用进展,重点介绍分子筛膜、金属氧化物/金属氢氧化物膜和氧化石墨烯膜等的研究,分析了在不同油水混合物中研究者们调控无机膜表面性能的策略,提出膜表面润湿性和膜结构是提高膜分离效率和抗污染性的关键;最后指出抵制含大量表面活性剂、碱液及有机聚合物种的乳化油对膜造成污染,是无机膜亟需解决的问题,并展望了无机膜在分离油水方面的发展方向。     

Toward efficient water/oil separation material: Effect of copolymer composition on pH‐responsive wettability and separation performance

Interest in functional soft matter with stimuli‐responsive wettability has increasingly intensified in recent years. From the chemical product engineering viewpoint, this study aims to fabricate reversible pH‐responsive polymeric surfaces with controllable wettability using [poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐block‐ poly(acrylic acid) (PHFBMA‐b‐PAA)] block copolymers. To attain this aim, three block copolymers with different PAA segment lengths were synthesized for the first time through Cu(0)‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization and hydrolysis reaction. pH‐induced controllable wettability was achieved by spin‐coating the resulting block copolymers onto silicon wafers. Results showed that the pH‐responsive wetting behavior was introduced by incorporating the PAA block, and that the responsiveness of as‐fabricated surfaces was greatly influenced by PAA content. All three evolutions of water contact angle with pH shared a similar inflection point at pH 5.25. Furthermore, on the basis of the wetting properties and mechanism understanding, the application of copolymer coated meshes in layered water/oil separation was exploited. Given their superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₁₄₈ and PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₂₁₁ coated stainless steel meshes (SSMs) can efficiently separate water from different mixtures of organic solvent and water with high flux. However, considering long‐term use, the PHFBMA₇₀‐b‐PAA₁₄₈ coated SSM with good stability may be the best copolymer for water/oil separation. Therefore, a coordination of structure, composition, and functionality was necessary to enable practical applications of the functional materials. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1758–1771, 2016     

Study on the adhesion behaviour of oil droplets in water on solid surfaces with different wettability and inclination

Microscopic adhesion of oil droplets is a hot research topic within multiphase flow systems in the petrochemical field in recent years, and it is also the key to revealing the mechanism of oil droplet–wall interaction. In this paper, a high-speed camera was used to capture the dynamic process of oil droplets impacting stainless steel, polyethylene, brass, and other materials in water, deeply analyze the influence mechanism of material wettability, droplet size, and inclination on adhesion behaviour in this process, and draw the Re~θ_eq phase diagram. The experimental results show that properly enhancing the lipophilicity of the material can prolong the drainage time and effectively inhibit adhesion. Too much lipophilicity can dramatically shorten the drainage time instead, which easily leads to the rapid adhesion of oil droplets. An increase in droplet size can also prolong the drainage time; at Re ≥46.31, the excessive initial kinetic energy is consumed in the form of oil droplet rebound, which is not conducive to adhesion, and the more lipophilic the material is, the more significant the rebound effect. In addition, although an increase in the inclination can inhibit oil droplet bounce off, it also decreases the wall restraint to oil droplets, resulting in lateral and normal displacements, which greatly increases the drainage time. The findings can facilitate the understanding of oil droplet–wall interaction and provide a scientific basis for the design and development of efficient separation equipment and the optimization of the low-temperature gathering and transportation of high water-bearing crude oil.