磺化聚醚砜/聚醚砜共混膜的制备及膜催化酯化反应动力学研究

以聚醚砜(PES)为基体,磺化聚醚砜(SPES)为催化活性成分,通过溶剂挥发法制备SPES/PES共混膜,用于酸化油(酸值153 mg KOH/g)酯化反应制备生物柴油,并研究了SPES/PES共混型催化膜酯化反应动力学。结果表明,在不同反应温度(45,55,65,75℃),不同的催化剂用量(0.68%,1.35%和2.70%)以及醇油质量比(1∶1,2∶1,5∶1,8∶1和10∶1)条件下,通过反应动力学计算出相应的反应速率以及反应级数。随着催化剂用量和醇油质量比的增加,反应速率逐渐增加,反应级数也增大,平均反应级数为n=2.2,而指前因子和活化能逐渐减小,说明由反应控制逐渐转为混合控制和反应控制。建立了SPES/PES共混型催化膜酯化反应动力学模型。得到实验值与理论值吻合程度较高(误差在±5%左右),验证了动力学模型的正确性。     

磺化聚醚砜/聚醚砜共混膜的制备及膜催化酯化反应动力学研究

以聚醚砜(PES)为基体,磺化聚醚砜(SPES)为催化活性成分,通过溶剂挥发法制备SPES/PES共混膜,用于酸化油(酸值153 mg KOH/g)酯化反应制备生物柴油,并研究了SPES/PES共混型催化膜酯化反应动力学。结果表明,在不同反应温度(45,55,65,75℃),不同的催化剂用量(0.68%,1.35%和2.70%)以及醇油质量比(1∶1,2∶1,5∶1,8∶1和10∶1)条件下,通过反应动力学计算出相应的反应速率以及反应级数。随着催化剂用量和醇油质量比的增加,反应速率逐渐增加,反应级数也增大,平均反应级数为n=2.2,而指前因子和活化能逐渐减小,说明由反应控制逐渐转为混合控制和反应控制。建立了SPES/PES共混型催化膜酯化反应动力学模型。得到实验值与理论值吻合程度较高(误差在±5%左右),验证了动力学模型的正确性。     

聚醚砜/磺化聚醚醚酮共混膜的制备和性能

采用流延法制备了聚醚砜(PES)含量不同的PES/磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)共混膜。PES与SPEEK具有良好的相容性。所制备PES/SPEEK共混膜的含水率、溶胀度和甲醇透过系数均随PES含量的增加而降低。虽然共混膜的质子传导性能有所降低.但阻醇性能和溶胀性能提高,这说明PES/SPEEK共混膜是一种很好的直接甲醇燃料电池用固体高分子电解质膜材料。     

聚醚砜和磺化聚砜共混超滤膜的研究

本文主要叙述聚醚砜(PES)和磺化聚砜(S-PSF)共混之后膜性能的改善,得出共混膜要比单组分膜性能优良。并且,在加入致孔添加剂丙酮和聚乙二醇(PEG)后,膜性能得到进一步改善。     

磷钨酸/磺化聚醚砜/聚酯非织造布复合膜制备、表征及催化酯化性能

针对催化酯化反应中,传统的强酸、强碱催化剂会导致设备腐蚀严重,产生大量的废酸和废碱,造成环境污染等问题,采用溶液相转化法以聚酯非织造布(NWF)为支撑材料,磷钨酸(HPW)/磺化聚醚砜(SPES)为铸膜液,制备HPW/SPES/NWF复合催化膜。并对复合催化膜结构采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、压汞仪和透射电镜(TEM)进行表征。研究了复合膜结构与性能之间的关系,考察了HPW加入量、进料流速、醇油质量比对酯化性能的影响以及复合膜重复使用性。结果表明,FESEM观察复合膜为均一的海绵状结构。压汞仪得到复合膜的平均孔径在60μm左右,孔隙率为65%。TEM得到HPW均匀地分散在SPES中。在最佳实验条件下,HPW/SPES/NWF复合催化膜转化率达到96.32%,重复使用5次转化率仍保持在96.03%。     

聚醚砜和磺化聚醚砜膜结构及性能研究

采用电镜和孔径分布测定仪对自制聚醚砜( PES)和磺化聚醚砜(SPES)膜进行表征,根据Darcy-Poiseuille定律研究PES膜和SPES膜过滤牛血清蛋白液(BSA)阻力分布情况.结果表明,PES膜孔径为0.22～0.27 μm,初始纯水通量为642 L·m-2·h-1,过滤质量浓度为1 g·L-1的BSA溶液时平衡通量为30.4～31.9 L·m-2· h-1; SPES膜孔径为5.2～11.1 nm,初始纯水通量为8.1 L·m-2·h-1,质量浓度为1 g·L-1的BSA时平衡通量为3.4～6.9 L· m-2·h-1.过滤时PES膜阻力主要集中在吸附和堵孔阻力,2者相加为总阻力的91.1％;而SPES膜阻力主要集中在膜本身的阻力,为总阻力的41.8％,其次为堵孔阻力,占总阻力的38.3％.经清洗后,PES膜的纯水通量可以恢复到82％,而SPES膜可以恢复到494％.     

聚醚砜伦聚砜共混超滤膜的研究

本文主要叙述聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）和磺化聚砜（Ｓ－ＰＳＦ）共混之后膜性能的改善，得出共混膜要比单组分膜性能优良。并且，在加入致孔添加剂丙酮和聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）后，膜性能得到进一步改善。     

磺化聚醚砜/聚醚砜共混膜催化酯化反应性能研究

制备了磺化聚醚砜SPES膜和3种磺化度的SPES/PES共混膜用于催化酯化酸化油制备生物柴油。考察了磺化度、催化膜用量、酸化油和甲醇质量比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,单独使用SPES催化膜较脆,而SPES/PES共混膜机械强度较好,其中磺化度20.3%SPES/PES膜的重复使用性能最好。SPES/PES共混膜催化酯化酸化油制备生物柴油的最佳反应条件为:磺化度20.3%的SPES/PES共混膜为催化剂,催化膜用量1.66%,醇油质量比为1∶1,反应温度65℃,反应时间6 h,此时酸化油转化率为97.44%。     

磺化聚醚砜超滤膜的制备研究

本文研究了磺化聚醚砜的制备和膜性能的测试 ,通过选择适当的配方研制性能稳定的较小孔径的超滤膜。该膜在 0 .2Mpa操作压力下对聚乙二醇 1 0 0 0 0的截留率大于 95 % ,水通量为 5 5L/m2 H ,通过扫描电镜观察膜的断面结构 ,结果表明 :PES膜断面形态属于典型的非对称指状孔结构 ,SPES膜断面形态是海绵层结构     

磺化聚砜/聚醚砜纳滤膜的制备及性能表征

采用相转化法制备了磺化聚砜(SPSF)/聚醚砜(PES)共混新型纳滤膜,并研究了SPSF/PES共混质量比、水解的苯乙烯–马来酸酐共聚物(H–PSMA)的添加量、铸膜液预蒸发时间和温度对膜的脱盐率及水通量的影响。结果表明,当SPSF/PES共混质量比为4∶6,添加剂H–PSMA的质量分数为2%,铸膜液预蒸发时间为3 min,预蒸发温度为70℃时,在操作压力为0.5 MPa,料液温度为25℃下,SPSF/PES共混膜对2 g/L的Na_2SO_4盐溶液脱盐率为56.77%,水通量为24.45 L/(m~2·h)。     

磺化聚醚砜(SPES)/聚砜(PSF)共混超滤膜的研制

以磺化聚醚砜(SPES)和聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,用共混法制备了SPES/PSF超滤膜。采用均匀实验设计法,研究了SPES/PSF共混超滤膜的制膜工艺,并通过回归分析得到了水通量的模型方程。根据模型方程,作者进行了单因素影响模拟计算,考察共混比、聚合物总浓度、添加剂浓度等对水通量的影响。结果表明:根据最优配方所制备的SPES/PSF膜的水通量为93.1 L/(m2.h),对聚乙烯醇的截留率达93.37%。     

Effects of special nanoparticles on fuel cell properties of sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane

Polyethersulfone was sulfonated by changing the reaction time with sulfuric acid. The degree of sulfonation and ion exchange capacity were determined. Sulfonation of polyethersulfone was confirmed by FT-IR analysis and a new peak at 1025 cm^?1. Inorganic materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and kaolinite nanoparticles were synthesized. The effects of three nanoparticles on thermal stability and water uptake of sulfonated polyethersulfone were investigated. The morphology of membranes were also altered due to the addition of inorganic materials. The proton conductivity of the modified membranes increased with respect to increase in relative humidity.     

磺化聚醚砜提高聚醚砜膜亲水性和血液相容性研究

Polyethersulfone (PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical inertness. Nevertheless, their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis and blood pu-rification. In this study, the sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) was synthesized through an electrophilic substitu-tion reaction, and PES/SPES blending membranes were prepared. The characterization of the SPES was studied by FTIR. The water adsorption and water contact angle experiments show that the hydrophilicity of PES/SPES blend membrane was improved as for the sulfonate group existing in the SPES. Moreover, PES/SPES blend membrane could effectively reduce bovine serum albumin adsorption and prolong the blood coagulation time compared with the PES membrane, thereby improving blood compatibility.     

聚醚砜合成膜的结构与性能研究

以截流率、水通量为指标,分别讨论了几种非溶剂型添加剂对聚醚砜复合超滤膜性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了其结构,并阐述了结构与性能的关系。结果表明,w（SiO_2）为20%、w（PEG1000）为3%、w（PVP）为1%和w（MPC1501）为3%时,综合性能最好。     

催化合成乳酸酯的研究

本文报道了氯化铁水合物催化乳酸和醇的酯化作用,制备了7种乳酸酯。     

Preparation of SO24-/ZrO2 catalytic membrane and its catalytic activity for esterification

制备了负载SO24 -/ZrO2固体酸陶瓷膜,并对其用于油酸和甲醇酯化反应进行研究.通过测定不同反应温度、不同催化膜负载率和不同甲醇/油酸物质的量的比条件下油酸的转化率,线性回归得到了酯化反应动力学参数.研究结果表明,酯化反应为拟均相二级反应.在最佳反应条件下,反应活化能由49.1 kJ/mol降至34.6 kJ/mol,油酸酯化率达到95.84％.     

Highly methanol resistant and selective ternary blend membrane composed of sulfonated PVdF‐co‐HFP,sulfonated polyaniline and nafion

Partially sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoro propylene)/partially sulfonated polyaniline (SPVdF‐co‐HFP/SPAni) binary blend membranes have shown promising results in terms of low methanol permeability and high membrane selectivity compared to Nafion‐117 membrane. However, the proton conductivity and IEC of this binary blend membrane was much lower than Nafion‐117. It was found that incorporation of minimal quantity of Nafion within SPVdF‐co‐HFP/SPAni blend membrane at a constituent weight % ratio of SPVdF‐co‐HFP:SPAni:Nafion = 50:40:10 induced significant improvements in ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and tensile strength over that of the binary blend membrane. In addition, the SPVdF‐co‐HFP/SPAni/Nafion ternary blend membrane exhibited much lower methanol permeability, higher membrane and relative selectivities and comparable IEC to Nafion‐117. In effect, presence of minimal quantity of Nafion induced significant positive attributes to the ternary blend membrane; and assisted in reaching a balance between material cost and properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43294.