新型原油集输用油酸基咪唑啉类缓蚀剂的合成及性能

利用苯甲酰氯与咪唑啉中间体反应,合成了一种新型原油集输用苯甲酰胺-乙基-油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂YSHSJ-2。利用表面张力仪研究了合成的缓蚀剂YSHSJ-2表面性能,利用失重法研究了缓蚀剂YSHSJ-2缓蚀效果的影响因素。结果表明,合成的缓蚀剂的cmc=48.87 g/L,γ_(cmc)=30.25 m N/m,θ=51.25°,Γ_m=504.54×10~(-8)mol/m~2,在30℃,4%HCl下,缓蚀剂浓度为100 mg/L时,缓蚀率高达87.69%。在相同的缓蚀剂浓度下,温度越高、盐酸浓度越大,缓蚀率逐渐变小,缓蚀效果变差。合成的缓蚀剂YSHSJ-2可以很好的吸附在集输设备及管道的表面,可有效地缓解集输设备及管道的腐蚀速率。     

新型抗CO_2缓蚀剂的开发及其在原油集输管道中的应用

针对西部某油田含CO_2原油集输管道腐蚀现象严重的问题,以不饱和脂肪酸、三乙烯四胺和氯苯甲烷为原料合成了一种咪唑啉型缓蚀剂,并将咪唑啉型缓蚀剂与非离子表面活性剂进行复配研制出一种新型抗CO_2缓蚀剂KW-101。考察了含水率、温度、流速以及CO_2分压对缓蚀率的影响,室内试验结果表明:随着含水率、温度、流速和CO_2分压的增大,缓蚀剂KW-101的缓蚀率逐渐降低,当试验温度为50℃、流体含水率为80%、流速为3 m/s、CO_2分压为1.5 MPa时,缓蚀率仍可以达到80%以上。现场应用结果表明:在含CO_2原油集输管道中注入200 mg/L的缓蚀剂KW-101后,挂片的腐蚀速率可以降低至0.006 mm/a,达到了良好的缓蚀效果。     

新型抗CO2缓蚀剂的开发及其在原油集输管道中的应用

针对西部某油田含CO2原油集输管道腐蚀现象严重的问题,以不饱和脂肪酸、三乙烯四胺和氯苯甲烷为原料合成了一种咪唑啉型缓蚀剂,并将咪唑啉型缓蚀剂与非离子表面活性剂进行复配研制出一种新型抗CO2缓蚀剂KW-101.考察了含水率、温度、流速以及CO2分压对缓蚀率的影响,室内试验结果表明:随着含水率、温度、流速和CO2分压的增大...     

咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂合成及缓蚀性能评价

以月桂酸、三乙烯四胺、甲醛和苯乙酮为原料,合成了月桂酸咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂,并对产品进行了红外表征。采用静态失重法对合成的咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂进行缓蚀性能测试。实验结果表明,缓蚀率随着缓蚀剂使用浓度的增加而增加,缓蚀剂浓度超过1250mg/L后,缓蚀率增加非常缓慢。缓蚀剂在10%盐酸溶液中,用量1250mg/L,腐蚀温度为40℃、60℃和80℃时,缓蚀率分别达到94.18%、88.16%和63.54%。极化曲线测试结果表明,阴极电位变的更负,阳极电位变化不大。因此,合成的缓蚀剂是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂。交流阻抗测试结果表明,缓蚀剂的加入可以提高金属表面电荷转移电阻,对碳钢表面进行了有效防护。     

辛酸咪唑啉表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以正辛酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料,合成了辛酸咪唑啉表面活性剂,用傅里叶变换红外光谱对咪唑啉中间体进行了表征,并研究了辛酸咪唑啉物化性能。结果表明,该表面活性剂cmc为6×10-4 mol·L~(-1),γcmc为29.5 m N·m~(-1);质量分数为0.3%时,在质量分数8%HCl溶液体系中对45#碳钢片缓蚀率为91%;发泡和稳泡能力较差,润湿性能较好     

新型油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂的合成及其性能评价

采用溶剂法合成了两种新型咪唑啉缓蚀剂1-(2-氨乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉(A)和1-(2-氨基-硫脲乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉(B),通过静态失重法和电化学极化曲线对其缓蚀性能进行了评价,并通过量子化学和分子动力学模拟方法对其缓蚀机理进行了研究。结果表明,两种缓蚀剂均具有较好的抗盐酸腐蚀性能,能同时抑制Q235钢的阴、阳极反应过程。在0～250 mg·L^-1浓度范围内,B的缓蚀性能优于A,且二者的最佳实验浓度均为150 mg·L^-1。此外,A、B的活性区域主要分布在咪唑环和亲水支链上,其分子头基能够有效驱替H₂O分子从而使缓蚀剂起到缓蚀作用,缓蚀性能的理论评价结果与实验规律相一致。     

一种油田用抗二氧化碳缓蚀剂的合成实验探究

采用失重评价法对5种不同类型的有机缓蚀剂进行初步合成和评价,筛选出缓蚀率为57.02%的咪唑啉型缓蚀剂;以更换有机酸和多乙烯多胺原材料种类和配比的方式优化合成条件,发现多乙烯多胺和有机酸以3:2摩尔配比最佳;以此配比合成的咪唑啉中间体与乌洛托品等8种常用缓蚀剂进行复配,咪唑啉与双季铵盐以9:1摩尔比复配缓蚀率达到58.4%;加入含磷、含硫基团改性,发现接含磷基团后且100 mg/L时缓蚀率达到了78.9%,技术指标符合油田要求。     

一种咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在油水两相间的传质影响因素研究

通过苯甲酰氯与咪唑啉中间体反应,研制了一种苯甲酰胺-乙基-油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂MZL-1。利用紫外分光光度计研究了缓蚀剂MZL-1在油水两相之间的分配系数,利用挂片法研究了油水共存条件下缓蚀剂MZL-1缓蚀效果的影响因素。结果表明,缓蚀剂MZL-1在油水两相中的分配系数随着温度和缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,分配系数随着盐浓度的增大而减小。实验温度、缓蚀剂和盐酸的浓度影响缓蚀剂缓蚀效果的3个重要因素,在油水共存(体积比1∶1)的环境中,当缓蚀剂MZL-1浓度为50 mg/L时,其对N80钢的缓蚀率为62.50%。     

一种咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在油水两相间的传质影响因素研究

通过苯甲酰氯与咪唑啉中间体反应,研制了一种苯甲酰胺-乙基-油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂MZL-1。利用紫外分光光度计研究了缓蚀剂MZL-1在油水两相之间的分配系数,利用挂片法研究了油水共存条件下缓蚀剂MZL-1缓蚀效果的影响因素。结果表明,缓蚀剂MZL-1在油水两相中的分配系数随着温度和缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,分配系数随着盐浓度的增大而减小。实验温度、缓蚀剂和盐酸的浓度影响缓蚀剂缓蚀效果的3个重要因素,在油水共存(体积比1∶1)的环境中,当缓蚀剂MZL-1浓度为50 mg/L时,其对N80钢的缓蚀率为62.50%。     

咪唑啉酰胺在HCl-H_2S腐蚀介质中对低碳钢(A_3)的缓蚀作用

利用极化曲线法和扫描电镜分析对不同浓度水溶性咪唑啉酰胺缓蚀剂在1000mg/L HCl+500mg/L H2S腐蚀介质中对低碳钢(A3)的缓蚀作用进行了研究。结果表明:在HCl-H2S腐蚀介质中,加入浓度为15mg/L时,水溶性咪唑啉酰胺缓蚀剂对低碳钢(A3)具有很好的缓蚀作用。     

原油快速评价在原油优化调合中的应用

介绍了企业在实施原油优化调合系统中为了稳定原油性质、实时优化调合配方、实现在线原油调合而开发的原油快速评价模块。通过该模块的使用,大大降低了原油评价的时间,能稳定、实时地检测各调合支路及总路的原油评价性质,为优化调合模块提供了准确的性质数据,实现了调合配方的实时优化,达到原油的在线调合目标,提高了装置运行的平稳率,为企业优化生产、降本增效提供了有力支撑。     

降凝降黏剂在原油开采集输中的应用

降凝降黏剂已成为钻高难度的高温深井、大斜度定向井、水平井和各种复杂地层的重要手段,并且还可广泛地用作解卡液、射孔完井液、修井液和取心液等。由于稠油的黏度以及凝点低,防止在开采过程中出现困难,降凝降黏剂的应用需要进行一定的关注,解决其发展困难。     

破乳剂对原油乳状液界面膜作用机理研究进展

本文论述了原油破乳机理,同时综述了破乳剂对原油乳状液界面膜作用的研究进展.针对破乳剂在油水中的分配与破乳效果的研究现状以及原油破乳界面特性的研究现状,分析了影响原油乳状液稳定性的因素.     

Biodegradation of quinoline in crude oil

Removal of quinoline, which is typical of nitrogen‐containing compounds in crude oil, was achieved by a biodegradation reaction by Comamonas sp TKV3‐2‐1. The aerobic strain, Comamonas sp TKV3‐2‐1, which can grow utilizing quinoline as the sources of both carbon and nitrogen, degraded quinoline to 2‐hydroxyquinoline, finally to water‐soluble substances. The degradation reaction of 2‐hydroxyquinoline was revealed to be regarded as a rate‐limiting step controlling the overall reaction of biodenitrogenation process of quinoline in crude oil. The degradation rate of 2‐hydroxyquinoline in a stirred fermenter had a maximum of 211 mg 2‐hydroxyquinoline g‐cell^?1 h^?1 when the portion of crude oil in the reaction mixture, the cell concentration and the rotational speed of agitation impeller were 83.3%(v/v), 28.5 gdm^?3 and 11.7 s^?1, respectively. After the reaction was completed, the crude oil and the cell suspension could be separated efficiently by centrifuging. The possibility of constructing a bioprocess for removing quinoline in crude oil under storage is also discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Control of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills

This paper discusses the results of development work on the control of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills. The importance of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills is clearly shown by a simple cost-benefit analysis. Preliminary results from a three-phase decanter trial have shown that, besides a clarification system using horizontal or vertical clarifiers, dilution control is also important to a decanter system. A practical approach to the automatic control of crude oil dilution using a flow ratio control system is discussed in depth in this paper. Results obtained from the evaluation of Doppler and magnetic flowmeters have shown that the major obstacle in automatic control of crude oil dilution, i.e., the selection of a suitable flowmeter to measure crude oil flow, has been overcome.     

Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary The alcohol-soluble portion of the settlings which separate from clear crude cottonseed oil has been studied further. Although the oil had stood in the laboratory for about 3 years before the settlings were removed for the investigation, it was free from rancidity and in excellent condition. Palmitin, amounting to about 25 per cent, and di-palmitin, amounting to about 1 per cent of the total settlings, were isolated and identified. About 0.1 per cent of a phytosteroline, which gave an acetyl derivative melting at 166° to 167° C., was obtained. It appears from the results of this investigation that the dipalmitin, which was probably produced by the hydrolysis of a very small quantity of a tri-glyceride, accounts in part for the acetyl value obtained with cottonseed oil. As no investigation has succeeded in showing the presence of any hydroxy acids in cottonseed, or for that matter in many other oils giving a comparatively small acetyl value, the values noted may be largely due to the presence of small quantities of various di-glycerides.     

Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary A small quantity of so-called vegetable mucilage was separated from crude cottonseed oil. It was precipitated from an aqueous solution by normal lead acetate. No water-soluble gum could be detected. Experiments showed that this mucilage readily emulsifies the oil with water and that the emulsion does not break after standing for several days. It is believed that the mucilage constitutes only a very small part of the non-glyceride substances present in the oil. Treating the oil with water and then extracting the separated oil repeatedly with large volumes of alcohol only removes part of the resin. The resin is partially removed from an alcoholic solution by an alcoholic solution of copper acetate in the form of a dark yellow flocculent precipitate. The copper salt is insoluble in alcohol and ether. It is believed that part of the deep red color of the crude oil is due to this resin. Presented at the 16th Annual Convention of The Am. Oil Chem. Soc’y, New Orleans, May, 1925.     

Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary Crude cottonseed oil contains in addition to the constituents previously reported a lecithin type of phosphatide which gives an ether-soluble compound with cadmium chloride. This phosphatide can only be partially removed from the oil by extraction with alcohol. It has been found in the “settlings” from this oil. The treatment of the oil with water causes only a partial separation of this phosphatide. The phosphatides, resins, and presumably other substances present in small quantities in the crude oil have emulsifying properties and are undoubtedly the cause in part for the retention of oil in the soap stock when the oil is refined by caustic soda.