含羧基咪唑啉对A3钢在油田污水中的缓蚀性能研究

以油酸、二乙烯三胺、丙烯酸为原料合成了一种含有羧酸基团的咪唑啉YM4313,并通过静态失重法及电化学法考察了其在模拟污水中对A3钢的缓蚀性能影响。结果表明,当YM4313加剂量为12 mg/L时,A3钢的腐蚀速率为0.010 7 mm/a,缓蚀率为86.21%;YM4313在A3钢表面的吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附模型。极化曲线测定和电化学交流阻抗研究结果表明,YM4313是一种以抑制阳极腐蚀为主的混合型缓蚀剂,可在A3钢表面形成保护膜,抑制了无机盐对A3钢的腐蚀。     

月桂基咪唑啉硫酸酯盐对A3钢的缓蚀性能研究

以月桂酸和羟乙基乙二胺为原料、氨基磺酸为季铵化试剂,通过季铵化反应,合成了咪唑啉缓蚀剂1-羟乙基-2-月桂基-咪唑啉硫酸酯盐(LIMS),并通过失重法、极化曲线、EIS和ESEM考察了LIMS在质量分数为10%的盐酸溶液中对A3钢的缓蚀性能及表面的吸附行为。结果表明:在ρ(LIMS)=0.80 g/L时,缓蚀率为93.1%;添加ρ(LIMS)=0.05~0.80 g/L的缓蚀剂后,阳极、阴极反应作用系数fa和fc均小于1,而且两者数值相近,说明可以同时抑制阴极和阳极反应,是一种混合型缓蚀剂;LIMS分子与金属表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,能自发吸附于金属表面,并以化学吸附为主;在50℃、腐蚀时间24 h、ρ(LIMS)=0.80 g/L时,自制缓蚀剂LIMS缓蚀率为90.6%,优于市售缓蚀剂乌洛托品(78.5%)、苯并三氮唑(82.9%)、PS-1(84.2%)、IS2129(87.3%)。     

油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂对不锈钢的缓蚀性能研究

利用静态失重法、Tafel极化曲线研究了油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在不同酸介质中对不锈钢的缓蚀性能,并尝试了油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂与KI的复配实验。结果表明,油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中和10%硫酸中对不锈钢有很好的缓蚀作用。在10%盐酸介质中,只需加入0.3%的油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂,不锈钢材质的缓蚀率就能达到98%;在10%硫酸介质中,缓蚀率在油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂添加量为0.5%时最大,达到94%。与KI的复配结果表明,咪唑啉与KI之间有一定的缓蚀协同效应,复合使用可以达到降低成本和保持高缓蚀率的作用。     

三苯环咪唑啉季铵盐的合成及在HCl中的缓蚀性能评价

以苯甲酸、三乙烯四胺、氯化苄为原料合成了3个苯环的咪唑啉季铵盐,用静态失重法和电化学法研究了该缓蚀剂在HCl中的缓蚀性能。实验结果表明,该合成缓蚀剂用量在1.0%(质量分数)时,缓蚀率达到99%以上,且是以阴极型为主的复合型缓蚀剂。     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的研究

制备了1种咪唑啉季铵盐型缓蚀剂。通过红外光谱对自制咪唑啉季铵盐进行表征,并用挂片失重法测定了该缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能。试验结果表明：咪唑啉季铵盐同时含有酰胺和咪唑啉环结构;当缓蚀剂的加入量为1.0%（质量分数）时,缓蚀效果最好;在80 ℃条件下,符合缓蚀剂评价指标的三级标准（大于95.31%~97.07%）,发挥缓蚀作用;缓蚀时间10 h,缓蚀率还维持在88.0%以上。     

硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂对常见金属在10%盐酸中的缓蚀性能

使用静态失重法研究了硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中对常见金属(20碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜)的缓蚀行为。结果表明,针对20碳钢材质,只需加入0.3%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂,其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率就达到93%;针对不锈钢材质,硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂0.2%的加入量即可使其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率达到94%;针对黄铜材质,添加0.4%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率达到85%;同样地,在10%盐酸溶液中,添加0.4%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使紫铜材质的缓蚀率达到87%。硬脂酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中对20碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜均有优良的缓蚀性能。     

硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂对常见金属在10%盐酸中的缓蚀性能

使用静态失重法研究了硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中对常见金属(20碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜)的缓蚀行为。结果表明,针对20碳钢材质,只需加入0.3%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂,其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率就达到93%;针对不锈钢材质,硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂0.2%的加入量即可使其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率达到94%;针对黄铜材质,添加0.4%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使其在10%盐酸中的缓蚀率达到85%;同样地,在10%盐酸溶液中,添加0.4%的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使紫铜材质的缓蚀率达到87%。硬脂酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中对20碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜均有优良的缓蚀性能。     

咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂合成及缓蚀性能评价

以月桂酸、三乙烯四胺、甲醛和苯乙酮为原料,合成了月桂酸咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂,并对产品进行了红外表征。采用静态失重法对合成的咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂进行缓蚀性能测试。实验结果表明,缓蚀率随着缓蚀剂使用浓度的增加而增加,缓蚀剂浓度超过1250mg/L后,缓蚀率增加非常缓慢。缓蚀剂在10%盐酸溶液中,用量1250mg/L,腐蚀温度为40℃、60℃和80℃时,缓蚀率分别达到94.18%、88.16%和63.54%。极化曲线测试结果表明,阴极电位变的更负,阳极电位变化不大。因此,合成的缓蚀剂是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂。交流阻抗测试结果表明,缓蚀剂的加入可以提高金属表面电荷转移电阻,对碳钢表面进行了有效防护。     

咪唑啉曼尼希碱缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

利用动态失重法、电化学测试技术以及SEM-EDS测试方法,研究了在含1 mol/L HCl溶液中分别添加不同浓度的IMDD和IMDDM对10#钢的缓蚀行为的影响。结果表明,60℃动态下1 mol/L HCl溶液的腐蚀介质对10#钢造成严重的局部腐蚀及均匀腐蚀;两种缓蚀剂均属于混合型缓蚀剂,添加缓蚀剂后有效地抑制了10#钢的腐蚀,IMDDM的缓蚀效果高于IMDD。两者均在金属表面发生致密的化学吸附并遵循Langmuir等温吸附方程。     

咪唑啉复配物缓蚀性能的评价

将咪唑啉型缓蚀剂与其它三种物质进行复配得到一种新型缓蚀剂。利用静态失重法测定了采用咪唑啉型缓蚀剂在盐酸介质及乙烯压缩单元混合液中Q235钢的腐蚀速度和相应的缓蚀效率,同时考察了该缓蚀剂的抗乳化性能。结果表明,该咪唑啉型缓蚀剂在盐酸介质中对Q235钢具有较强的缓蚀能力。在pH=4盐酸溶液中,温度是40℃,腐蚀时间为6h及缓蚀剂加入浓度为100μg/g时缓蚀率达到了97．9％,腐蚀速率仅为O．0008mm／a,远低于我国石油天然气行业标准规定的指标,并且该缓蚀剂具有良好的抗乳化性能。     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂对J55钢的缓蚀性能研究

以油酸、二乙烯三胺、氯化苄为原料合成反应得到咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂。通过失重法和极化曲线法研究了这种咪唑啉化合物在模拟油田地层水中对J55钢的缓蚀性能,并通过金相显微镜观察了J55钢表面的腐蚀形貌。结果表明,咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂在酸性油田地层水中对J55钢有较好的缓蚀效果。     

The effect of oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater on anion-exchange membrane performance

Polymer-flooding process is one of tertiary oil extraction technologies. It has stepped into industrialization application period in Daqing Oilfield (China) in recent years. It plays an increasingly important role in the oil exploitation, but around 60 million ton polymer-flooding wastewater is produced per day with oil extraction together. Therefore, the treatment and reuse of wastewater becomes very significant. Experiments show that the polymer-flooding wastewater can replace freshwater to be reused to confect polymer solution after removing total dissolved solids (TDS) by electrodialysis technology. This treatment technology can not only decrease environmental pollution resulted by wastewater discharge, but also achieve closed-circuit of polymer-flooding wastewater during crude oil extraction. It has significant effect for protecting environment and saving water resource. After carrying out lots of experiments in the lab, the pilot-test electrodialysis operation has been applied to treating polymer-flooding wastewater and received better economic effect. But serious ion-exchange membrane fouling (especially for anion membrane) is the main problem that holds back this technology's further application. The emphasis of this research is to study the effect of polymer-flooding wastewater on anion membrane performance. Oilfield wastewater is a kind of multiphase system that containing solid suspend, liquid suspend, and dissolved salt. A small-scale 5-compartment electrodialysis was developed to study the effect of main fouling substances of polymer-flooding wastewater (solid suspension, crude oil and polymer) on the performance and apparent characteristics of anion membrane from microcosmic (membrane surface resistance, average current, desalination rate, etc.) and macroscopical (scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope, AFM) views, respectively. The concentration of cations is measured with atom absorbing spectrum (PERKIN-ELMER 703), the concentration of anions is measured with ion chromatogram (DLONEX 4500i) and the sum amount of ionic concentration is TDS. The experimental results show that fractional solid suspension congregated on the surface of, or inside, anion membrane and fouled membrane. Crude oil formed a compact oil film after being absorbed, which affects ions to get through ion-exchange membrane. The polymer may congregate on the surface of anion membrane, and had some influence for permeation of anion membrane. The membrane fouling changes little with time going on.     

氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐在油田采出液中对N80钢缓蚀性能研究

由二乙烯三胺和全氟辛酸合成了全氟庚基-N-氨乙基咪唑啉季铵盐,利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、质谱确定氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐结构、滴定法测定其含量、失重法和电化学方法评价了在油田采出液中对N80钢腐蚀的缓蚀性能和电化学腐蚀机理。结果表明,其含量为85%,用量≥50 mg/L时,具有优良的缓蚀效果和耐温效果,在30～70℃条件下,腐蚀速率<0.041 983 mm/a,缓蚀率均在90%以上。     

A3碳钢在模拟油田水中的腐蚀行为研究

用极化曲线法探讨了A3碳钢在模拟油田水中的腐蚀电化学行为。试验了在不同矿化度、pH值、溶解氧及含S2-的模拟油田水中A3碳钢的腐蚀行为,并用电化学方法研究了缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果。结果表明,随着矿化度的增加,温度的升高,腐蚀速率增大;pH值在7~8之间为碳钢的钝化区;在中性或碱性条件下,碳钢的腐蚀主要受溶解氧的影响,溶解氧含量越高,腐蚀越严重;S2-的存在消除了溶解氧的影响,改变了腐蚀产物膜的组成,从而影响缓蚀剂的选择。     

海上油田污水处理技术研究进展

阐述了国内外海上油田污水处理新技术的研究进展和应用情况,包括海上油田注水水源及水质处理技术、海水中硫酸盐去除技术及海底海水处理和就地注入工艺技术等。同时阐述了采出水回注和达标排放处理技术,重点论述了气浮技术、旋流分离技术、萃取技术、过滤技术、氧化技术及生化处理技术等在海上油田的研究进展及应用现状。最后展望了海上油田污水处理技术发展趋势,其重点是对现有技术的优化改进以及工艺的优化组合,以提高处理效率。     

新型油田污水处理剂CJ-1的絮凝性能研究

用新型二硫代氨基甲酸盐CJ-1处理模拟油田污水,考察了絮凝条件与其絮凝作用效果的关系,获得最适宜的絮凝条件。结果表明,在保持絮凝体系的温度为40℃、pH为4～8、搅拌速度40 r/min、搅拌时间5 min、沉降时间30 min、DTC的投加量为20 mg/L、Fe2+投加量为5 mg/L时,含油350 mg/L、悬浮物55.1 mg/L、CODCr为802 mg/L、浊度为155 NTU的模拟油田污水经CJ-1絮凝处理后,其含油量、悬浮物、CODCr、浊度分别降至3.2 mg/L、0.254 mg/L、100 mg/L、0.8 NTU,相应去除率分别为99.1%、99.5%、87.5%和99.5%,铁离子残留量为0.075 mg/L。同时考察了Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO3-等无机盐离子对CJ-1絮凝性能的影响。     

Synthesis and decomposition performance of a polymeric foaming agent containing a sulfonyl hydrazide moiety

A new monomer, methacryloyloxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (MAOBSH) containing a foamable sulfonyl hydrazide functional group after decomposition by heating, was synthesized from 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH) with methacryloyl chloride, and used to obtain poly(MAOBSH) as a polymeric foaming agent (PFA) in dry tetrahydrofuran at 70 °C using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The structures of the synthesized MAOBSH and poly(MAOBSH) were identified using Fourier transform infrared and ¹ H NMR spectroscopies. The decomposition temperature of poly(MAOBSH) was determined to be 245 °C and this temperature was decreased to around 160 °C by adding an activator such as surface‐treated urea to the polymer. The exothermic temperature and heat determined by the decomposition of the polymer were 256 °C and 287 J g^?1. The amount of gas evolution for poly(MAOBSH) measured at the decomposition temperature was 74 mL g^?1. Furthermore, polymers incorporating the PFA showed better skin and finer cell structure as well as better mechanical properties such as elongation and compression set than polymers with added OBSH due to the better compatibility of the developed PFA with polymers. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

含喹喔啉环1,3,4- 二唑衍生物的合成及结构鉴定

报道了果糖与邻苯二胺反应制得喹喔啉－２－甲醛后,与芳酰肼作用得到相应的芳酰腙,芳酰腙在不同的条件下环化分别得到１,３,４－恶二唑衍生物,产物经元素分析、ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＲ和ＭＳ确证了其结构。