水性环氧改性乳化沥青桥面粘层性能研究

制备了水性环氧质量分数分别为5%,10%,15%,20%和25%的改性乳化沥青粘层材料,模拟桥面铺装结构型式,自制了粘接试件,通过-15,0,25,50,70℃下的力学性能测试研究了不同环氧掺量对粘接层性能的影响。结果表明:几种水性环氧掺量体系均在0℃时出现拉拔强度和剪切强度峰值,15%及以下水性环氧掺量试件的峰值更明显。0℃以下随温度降低力学强度下降较快。不同水性环氧掺量体系力学性能差别明显,水性环氧含量越多的试件力学强度越高。低比例水性环氧掺量体系性能对温度较敏感,20%和25%水性环氧掺量体系的力学性能随温度变化较小。综合力学性能和经济性,确定20%水性环氧树脂和80%乳化沥青为桥面防水粘结层的最佳组成。     

丁苯胶乳改性乳化沥青常规性能及流变性能研究

为研究丁苯橡胶(SBR)胶乳掺量对于乳化沥青常规性能和流变性能的影响,通过储存稳定性和3大指标试验研究了SBR胶乳改性乳化沥青的常规性能,采用动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)分析了SBR胶乳掺量对于乳化沥青高低温流变性能的影响。结果表明,SBR胶乳会降低乳化沥青的储存稳定性,可显著减小针入度和提高软化点、延度,增强乳化沥青的高温抗变形和低温延性;SBR胶乳可提高乳化沥青的车辙因子和减小相位角,改善乳化沥青抗车辙能力,并能降低蠕变劲度,增大蠕变速率和蠕变劲度与蠕变速率的比值,提高乳化沥青的低温抗裂性能。适宜的SBR胶乳掺量为4%。     

WER-SBR复合改性活性乳化沥青性能研究

丁苯橡胶(SBR)活性乳化沥青可以活化旧路面的老化沥青,但是存在高温稳定性差以及黏附性不足等问题。为解决SBR活性乳化沥青性能上的不足,使用水性环氧树脂(WER)对其进行复合改性,通过修正低温蒸发法获取蒸发残留物,分析不同掺量WER对SBR活性乳化沥青基本物理性能、黏附性、流变性能、低温蠕变性能以及还原性的影响。结果表明:掺入WER之后,SBR活性乳化沥青的针入度大幅下降,软化点显著提高,延度下降;WER能够显著提高SBR活性乳化沥青的高温稳定性,但对其低温延展性有负面影响;SBR活性乳化沥青的黏附性显著增强;复合剪切模量(G^*)、车辙因子(G^*/sin δ)随WER掺量的增加不断提高,相位角(δ)随WER掺量的增加不断下降,表明高温抗车辙性能得到改善;劲度模量(S)和蠕变速率(M)则随着WER掺量增加分别呈增大和降低趋势;WER的掺入不影响SBR活性乳化沥青的还原性。根据试验数据,WER掺量应控制在10%~15%(质量分数)。     

环氧乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料性能研究

提出了一种新型的冷再生沥青混合料-水性环氧树脂改性乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料,首次使用环氧乳化沥青应用于冷再生沥青混合料中。通过掺加0%、10%、20%和30%的环氧树脂改性乳化沥青对90%与70%RAP(废旧沥青路面回收材料)掺量的AC-20冷再生沥青混合料进行配合比设计试验与使用性能验证。结果表明：适当掺量的环氧树脂改性乳化沥青可使冷再生沥青混合料具有更好的使用性能,RAP有效利用率得到进一步提高。     

水性环氧/液态丁苯橡胶复合改性乳化沥青性能评价

为改善乳化沥青的力学性能,采用水性环氧树脂（WER）和液态丁苯橡胶（LSBR）制备了复合改性乳化沥青,并通过粘结力试验、拉伸试验及配伍性试验研究了不同温度与配比对乳化沥青内聚能、拉伸强度、延展性和抗水损坏能力的影响。结果表明,WER和LSBR对乳化沥青的性能影响显著,改性乳化沥青的内聚能增加了150%,磨耗损失率降低209%。基于冗余分析法表明,LSBR的影响更显著,贡献程度为86.91%。WER的掺加质量分数宜不超过25%,否则会降低LSBR对乳化沥青低温延展性的影响程度。WER和LSBR提高乳化沥青性能的侧重点不同。WER对乳化沥青的抗水损坏能力和拉伸强度影响程度较大,LSBR对乳化沥青的内聚能和延展性影响程度较大,通过复配设计可发挥不同类型聚合物对乳化沥青综合性能的改善作用。     

水性环氧改性乳化沥青流变性能研究

采用一次冷混合法制备水性环氧改性乳化沥青,研究水性环氧掺量对改性乳化沥青流变性能的影响。通过动态剪切流变仪(DSR)考察温度扫描、频率扫描及时间扫描模式下水性环氧改性乳化沥青高温性能及抗疲劳性能,并对其蒸发残留物三大指标进行了评价。结果表明,水性环氧在乳化沥青中形成交联网状结构,能明显提高乳化沥青的高温稳定性,且随着水性环氧掺量的增加,其高温稳定性逐步提升;同时会延缓乳化沥青蒸发残留物疲劳点的出现,改善其抗疲劳性能。此外,改性乳化沥青蒸发残留物的三大指标变化趋势与之吻合。     

岩沥青/SBR复合改性乳化沥青的制备与性能研究

以岩沥青和SBR为改性剂,采用边乳化边改性的方式制备岩沥青与SBR乳胶复合改性乳化沥青,对掺加3%岩沥青和5%SBR与未改性乳化沥青和单掺5%SBR的乳化沥青作比较。进行乳化沥青蒸发残留物基本性能试验和布氏黏度测试及乳化沥青储存稳定性能研究,通过动态剪切流变试验(DSR)研究分析3种乳化沥青的高温流变性能。分析结果表明：随着岩沥青和SBR乳胶的加入,增强了乳化沥青的高温性能,但低温性能被削弱,研究分析改性乳化沥青的各项性能指标,得出岩沥青与SBR复合改性乳化沥青的综合性能较优良。     

水性环氧树脂改性乳化沥青在公路养护中的应用研究

乳化沥青常用于公路表面修补和预防养护。普通的乳化沥青粘接强度较低,在低温下较脆并且强度成型慢,必须在提高养护效果和施工效率方面进行针对性地改性。研究利用相反转法,以非离子型乳化剂聚氧乙烯醚为表面活性剂制备水性环氧树脂乳液,并将该乳液用于改性乳化沥青。对得到的水性环氧树脂乳化沥青进行稳定性能、粘接性能和低温性能测试,结果表明：试样品储存30 d不发生破乳,粘接性能比未改性的乳化沥青提高10倍,低温抗劈裂强度为未改性乳化沥青的2.3倍。为水性环氧树脂改性乳化沥青对寒冷天气下公路的防裂养护提供了参考。     

水性环氧树脂乳化沥青制备及性能研究

为解决基质乳化沥青耐水性差、粘结性能差和早期强度低等问题,采用水性环氧树脂进行改性。通过水性环氧乳化剂制备水性环氧树脂,分析该体系的稳定性和粒径分布情况,采用落射式荧光显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱对水性环氧乳化沥青微观结构进行观测,并结合数字图像处理技术进行处理,分析水性环氧树脂在乳化沥青中的分布和官能团情况。采用拉拔实验评价水性环氧树脂与SBR复配乳化沥青对粘结性能的改性作用。结果表明,随着乳化剂掺量增加,乳液稳定性增加、粒径减小;通过数字处理技术得出像素面积比与水性环氧掺量存在线性正相关关系,相关系数为0.96。复掺3%SBR胶乳能够改善其粘结抗裂性能,水性环氧树脂推荐掺量15%。     

Study of long-term skid and wear resistance of waterborne epoxy resin-SBR compound modified emulsified asphalt microsurfacing

As an eco-friendly technology for pavement preventive maintenance, microsurfacing (MS) has the potential properties of cost-saving and excellent performance benefits in repairing distress. MS also improves the surface function, especially skid resistance, of old pavements that have gradually decayed under the coupled effects of long-term environment and loads. Reasonable assessments of the long-term skid and wear resistance of the MS can provide support for accurate decision-making on preventive maintenance, which in turn reduces maintenance costs and saves maintenance costs, and ensures traffic safety. To evaluate the long-term skid and wear resistance of MS in different natural and traffic environments, this paper investigated the change of British pendulum number (BPN), rutting depth, and mass loss rate of waterborne epoxy resin-SBR compound emulsified asphalt micro-surfacing (WER-SBR MEAMS) under different environmental factors and traffic conditions based on the self-developed accelerated loading abrasion instrument. The factors considered in the experiment include temperature, rainfall, UV radiation, speed, and load. The results showed that temperature and vehicle speed had a detrimental effect on the durability of WER-SBR MEAMS, which was more pronounced after 10,000 wear loading cycles. Reducing immersion time and slowing down the aging rate can improve the durability of WER-SBR MEAMS. Further, the influence degrees of different factors on the skid and wear resistance of MS were evaluated using the gray correlation method. From the results of the gray correlation analysis, the correlation coefficients between external variables and BPN, rutting depth, and mass loss rate are all greater than 0.8, which indicate that all the variables involved have relatively obvious and regular effects on the skid and wear resistance of WER-SBR MEAMS.     

可再分散乳化沥青粉末改性水泥砂浆的力学性能和微观形貌

为解决水泥基材料脆性大、韧性差问题,本文提出了掺加可再分散乳化沥青粉末（REAP）以改善水泥基材料韧性的方法。试验制备了REAP 掺量为胶凝材料用量0、10%、20%、30%的可再分散乳化沥青颗粒改性水泥砂浆（REAPMCM）,研究了REAP对REAPMCM抗压、抗折强度、折压比、弹性模量等力学性能影响,分析了其对水泥水化产物微观形貌影响,对比了其与采用乳化沥青制备水泥乳化沥青砂浆微观形貌。结果表明,随着REAP掺量增加,REAPMCM抗压、抗折强度与弹性模量均有所降低,折压比有所提高,REAP掺量30%的REAPMCM折压比为28.5%,其相比未掺加REAP砂浆的折压比提高了46.6%;掺入REAP改善了水泥基材料的韧性,但其改善效果随着水泥水化龄期增长而有所降低;随着REAP掺量增加,一方面浆体总孔隙率含量有所增大,另一方面水泥水化产物间填充覆盖的沥青膜面积增大,且其断面显微形貌与相同沥青固含量掺量的乳化沥青砂浆断面基本类似,证实了REAP亦可较好分散、成膜分布于水泥水化产物间,达到了其与乳化沥青乳浊液对水泥基材料改性相类似的使用效果。     

环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯消光树脂性能的研究

以环氧树脂(EP)作为自乳化PU(聚氨酯)的交联改性剂,合成了一系列改性WPU(水性聚氨酯)消光树脂。采用FT-IR(红外光谱)法、TGA(热失重分析)法和水接触角法对共聚物的结构和热性能进行了表征,并对其消光性能和耐水性进行了测定。研究结果表明:EP的环氧基和羟基都参与了交联反应,EP的引入可提高WPU的热稳定性和疏水性;当w(EP)=5.0%(相对于WPU预聚体质量而言)时,相应消光树脂的耐水性、耐热性俱佳。     

新型紫外线固化环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯的合成与性能

合成了一种新型的具有高交联密度和优异涂膜性能的环氧树脂和丙烯酸酯同时改性的紫外线（UV）固化水性聚氨酯（UV-EP-AC-WPUD）。通过环氧基团与以异氰酸酯基团（-N=C=O）封端的聚氨酯预聚体之间的反应引入质量分数为4%的环氧树脂E-20。同时,通过聚氨酯链的-N=C=O与二元丙烯酸酯（PEDA）以及季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯（PETA）的羟基之间的反应引入碳碳双键（C=C）,C=C的含量达到4.65 meq·g-1。 质量分数为3%的光引发剂Irgacure 2959被用于引发涂膜中C=C的聚合,涂膜的凝胶含量在12 s UV辐射之后达到91%,意味着C=C的聚合和交联速度快,同时所得到的涂膜的交联度非常高,不溶于溶剂丙酮,测试表明环氧树脂和两种丙烯酸酯单体已经成功嵌入聚氨酯链中,涂膜具有优异的力学性能和化学性能。     

Laboratory investigation of the properties of asphalt modified with epoxy resin

Epoxy asphalts were prepared by mixing styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified asphalt with epoxy resin. The curing process and morphology of epoxy asphalts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and fluorescent microscope, respectively. The effects of epoxy resin contents, ratio of curing agent to epoxy resin and curing temperature on properties of epoxy asphalt were investigated. Results indicated that epoxy resin and epoxy asphalt showed similar curing efficiency. Epoxy asphalts can be cured at 120 or 60°C and its viscosity at 120°C can meet the demands of asphalt mixture mixing and paving. The chemical reaction of epoxy resin in epoxy asphalt is slow and reaction occurs not only with the curing agent but also carboxylic acid in epoxy asphalt. The microstructure of epoxy asphalt transforms from the dispersed structure to networks structure with epoxy resin content increasing and phase transition starts when 30 wt % epoxy resin present in asphalt. The softening point and tensile strength of epoxy asphalt increased with epoxy resin contents increasing. The softening point and tensile strength of epoxy asphalt were markedly improved when epoxy resin content was more than 30 wt %, which is attributed to formation of continuous structure of epoxy resin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

环氧树脂改性高度支化水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为原料,制备了线性水性聚氨酯(LWPU,A2),并通过A2+B3的方式,将其滴加到聚醚胺(T403)的四氢呋喃–异丙醇(THF–IPA)溶液(B3)中,合成出端氨基高度支化水性聚氨酯(HBWPU)。用核磁共振仪表征了HBWPU的结构,证实合成成功。考察了TDI、DMPA和T403的用量对HBWPU的乳液粒径、外观和力学性能的影响,得到最优配方为:n(NCO)∶n(OH)=1.3,w(DMPA)=6.0%,n(B3)∶n(A2)=0.8。以双酚A型环氧树脂(EP)改性最优配方所得的HBWPU,用红外光谱研究了产物HBWPU/EP的结构,通过热重分析(TGA)和应力-应变曲线探讨了EP用量对其热稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,引入EP明显提升了HBWPU的热稳定性及力学性能。当m(EP)∶m(HBWPU)=0.2,HBWPU/EP的拉伸强度达38.30 MPa,断裂伸长率为252%。但当EP用量过多,拉伸强度反而下降。     

Synthesis and properties of waterborne epoxy acrylate nanocomposite coating modified by MAP-POSS

In this paper, waterborne epoxy acrylate (EA) coating modified with methylacryloylpropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (MAP-POSS) was prepared. The cure kinetics of the coating was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing process, thermal and mechanical properties of the coating were investigated by FTIR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These results show that the non-isothermal curing process can be described by Kissinger method and a two-parameter autocatalytic Šesták–Berggren (S–B) model. The kinetic equations of curing reaction were obtained. The UV-curing property of MAP-POSS/EA nanocomposite coating is better than that of pure epoxy acrylate system. The glass transition temperature (T_g) increases with increasing MAP-POSS content. When MAP-POSS content is 12 wt%, the T_g reaches the maximum 54.3 °C which is 9.5 °C higher than that of pure epoxy acrylate.     

水性环氧树脂乳化型固化剂固化特性研究

在多元胺中引入环氧树脂(EP),再通过成盐反应,合成出含仲胺盐结构、可乳化液体EP的固化剂;然后采用相反转法制备出稳定的水性EP乳液。结果表明:该固化剂在室温时具有一定的潜伏性(水性EP乳液室温储存期超过14 d),而在较高温度时具有快速固化的特点。仲胺盐的起始分解温度(Ti)约为113℃,当固化温度较低时,仲胺盐热分解反应难以进行,封闭的仲胺基与环氧基的固化反应难以发生,表现为成盐率越高,乳液凝胶时间越长;当固化温度>Ti时,仲胺盐快速热分解后释放出被封闭的活性仲胺基,乳液可快速固化,成盐率对乳液凝胶时间的影响不大。各固化膜均具有较低的吸水率(<3.1%),其耐水性和耐丙酮性能优良,但耐强酸、强碱性能较差且随固化剂成盐率提高而下降。     

脱硫胶粉在乳化改性沥青中的应用

考察了不同规格胶粉及不同脱硫程度的脱硫胶粉对橡胶改性乳化沥青性能的影响,结果表明,采用100目胶粉即可制备出橡胶改性乳化沥青,但乳化沥青的性能较差;采用活化度为50%左右的100目脱硫胶粉制备乳化沥青时,脱硫胶粉的用量相比于胶粉可大幅提高;在通过外掺100目50%左右活化度的脱硫胶粉(质量分数15%,以沥青计,下同)和质量分数2%的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性的乳化沥青中添加质量分数1%的丁苯胶乳,所制备橡胶改性乳化沥青无筛上剩余物,5 d储存稳定性为2.9%,蒸发残留物的25℃针入度、软化点和5℃延度分别为55 (0.1 mm)、64.5℃和22.5 cm,能够满足乳化改性沥青的技术指标要求。