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土壤重金属污染已经成为最严重的环境问题之一。重金属污染土壤可以通过工程技术、化学方法和生物技术进行修复,这些修复技术分别适应于不同类型的土壤污染,其中近年发展起来的植物修复技术因成本低廉、操作安全而等倍受关注。介绍了当前国内土壤重金属污染形势,综述了不同修复技术的原理、特点和应用前景。 相似文献
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土壤污染是全球面临的一个亟待解决的环境问题。近年来,植物修复技术迅速发展为主要用于清除土壤重金属污染的生态技术。文章介绍了土壤重金属污染的特性、危害及其治理方法。重点介绍了植物修复技术,并探讨了今后植物修复技术的发展前景。 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染的生物修复法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章系统论述了治理土壤重金属污染的生物修复法(主要包括:植物修复法、微生物修复法、动物修复法)及未来治理土壤重金属污染的研究方向,以期提高对土壤重金属污染的重视,为今后土壤重金属污染治理提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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总结了现有土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术,包括:植物萃取技术、植物固化技术、根圈生物修复技术和植物挥发技术,并对土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染修复技术及前景分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《云南化工》2019,(12):76-77
作为土壤常见污染,重金属污染不仅影响土壤固有性质和质量安全,对于周边生态环境和农业发展效果也有极大影响。首先介绍土壤重金属污染修复技术,了解各类修复技术特点。之后阐述土壤重金属污染修复前景,强化土壤修复力度,满足我国各地区土壤污染治理要求,确保各地区生态环境维护水平和土壤污染治理效果有所提升。 相似文献
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重金属污染土壤修复的二次污染与防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《应用化工》2019,(2):490-493
美国污染场地修复经验表明,78%的污染场地存在重金属污染。针对重金属污染场地,常用的修复技术有固化/稳定化、淋洗、水泥窑协同处置、植物修复等。我国固化/稳定化技术应用,占所有修复技术33%。重金属污染场地修复需全面考虑二次污染问题。通过分析这4种修复技术的主要环节,重点讨论了修复过程中共通的土壤挖掘、堆放等环节,针对可能存在的水、大气、噪声、固废4个方面的二次污染问题,提出了相应的污染防治措施,以期能够为重金属污染场地修复设计、施工、监理等提供参考。 相似文献
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土壤中金属污染导致食用林产品、农产品中重金属高富集,严重威胁人类健康。生物炭作为简单易得,来源广泛的吸附材料,可用于土壤重金属污染物修复。本文主要综述了生物炭的制备、改性剂的选择与功能、改性方法及改性生物炭的特性。介绍了改性生物炭的表征手段如傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和比表面积和孔径分析仪在生物炭改性过程中的作用及分析方法。客观分析了改性生物炭的制备方式及对土壤重金属污染修复的机制及效果,并讨论生物炭及改性生物炭对重金属常见的吸附机理以及表面吸附、静电作用、离子交换和共沉淀的特征和条件。大量的研究结果表明,生物炭对降低土壤中重金属的有效态含量具有显著效果,且经过酸碱、氧化还原、吸附剂复合等方式改性后吸附性能更加高效和稳定。生物炭改性是为了提高生物炭的安全性、高效性、重复使用性和环境友好性,同时加强生物炭的重金属修复性能。因此,功能型生物炭的研制及拓展改性生物炭的应用是生物炭改性的进一步深入研究方向。 相似文献
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Sardinia has to deal with significant environmental problems related to heavy-metal contamination, mainly located at its abandoned mining districts. In particular, acid mine drainage management and groundwater pollution are typical problems associated with mining activities which constitute a serious threat to human health. To prevent contaminant spread over the adjacent environment, it is of great interest to consider using an electric field as a containment fence to counteract pollutant transport. In this application, contaminant transport due to a hydraulic gradient driving force is prevented by the combined effect of electro-osmosis and electro-migration. Although there are other alternative containment technologies, the electrokinetic fence offers many advantages, as it is easy to operate, there is a minimal exposure to the operating personnel and it is likely to be effective for a wide range of contaminants. In this work, both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) tests have been carried out. In the 1D tests, the efficiency of an electrokinetic barrier to prevent cadmium from polluting an uncontaminated sample was investigated; soil pH, metal concentration and current intensity have been monitored; results indicate that the barrier can prevent or significantly reduce heavy-metal contamination from spreading against a hydraulic gradient of 7. In 2D tests, two rows of electrodes inserted in a horizontally flat soil tank were used to generate an electric field. It was found that an electric field of 125 V m−1 was sufficient to prevent significant copper incursion from a contaminant flow under a hydraulic gradient of 1.3. 相似文献
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L. Rutigliano D. Fino G. Saracco V. Specchia P. Spinelli 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(7):1035-1041
This paper describes the results obtained from an electrokinetic treatment of a real soil polluted by lead acetate. Powdered
soil samples were pressed with a consolidometer till 100 kPa to obtain cylindrical specimens with the same characteristics
as a subsoil. Tests were carried out in a Perspex electrochemical cell where soil specimens were introduced with a hollow
punch. A low intensity direct current was applied in order to remove contaminants, due to electrophoresis and electroosmosis
phenomena. The water flow, conductivity, apparent electroosmotic coefficient, as well as other characteristic parameters,
were measured throughout the test. The water content and degree of pore saturation were estimated at the beginning and end
of the test. The soil slab was divided into four slices and the Pb concentration profile determined. The main factor governing
the extraction of contaminant was found to be the pH in the acidic range. Indeed, under these conditions high removal efficiencies
could be reached. These results could lead to the design of a new electrochemical treatment cell equipped with a cationic
membrane to expand the region of favourable pH within the soil. 相似文献
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《应用化工》2022,(3):632-638
首先通过席夫碱反应将十二醛与壳聚糖分子内部氨基连接,经还原制得N-烷基化壳聚糖,再通过元素分析,测定了N-烷基化壳聚糖的取代度。以N-烷基化壳聚糖、白芨多糖为原料,通过离子交联、冷冻干燥法制备了N-烷基化壳聚糖/白芨多糖复合冻干粉。对所制备冻干粉进行表征及性能测试,探究了复合冻干粉作为止血材料应用的可能性。结果表明,冻干粉可吸收自身重量2~3倍的水,降解速率与白芨多糖含量呈正相关,抑菌性与N-烷基化壳聚糖含量呈正相关。复合冻干粉粒径与血小板相近,表面呈现凹凸多孔结构,吸水性较强,降解速率适宜,抑菌性较强。综合考虑各项性能参数,N-烷基化壳聚糖与白芨多糖比例为4∶1时,复合冻干粉性能最佳,具备作为止血材料应用的潜力。 相似文献