某高校教学楼人员疏散优化研究

以某高校教学楼为例,分析该教学楼疏散通道在实际使用中存在的问题.设定实际使用、各楼梯平均使用、增加出口宽度等几种火灾工况,利用BuildingEXDO US模拟.结果表明,各楼梯及出口的使用情况不平衡,可能延长疏散时间.提出合理安排使用教学楼、设王疏散分区、拓宽出口度加强疏散演练等建议.     

高校教学楼火灾与人员疏散模拟研究

为提高在用高校教学楼的疏散效率,降低火灾风险,本文应用Pyrosim和FDS进行建模和火灾数值模拟,对温度、有毒有害气体、能见度进行分析确定ASET;同时通过Pathfinder进行疏散模拟,确定所需疏散时间并分析疏散过程中的拥堵问题,在安全出口的开放状态、数量、宽度、疏散路线等4个方面进行改进,进行二次模拟后利用Or...     

某多厅影院内人员疏散安全性评估

以某商业建筑内的多厅影院为工程背景,通过设计火灾场景、疏散场景,利用仿真模拟软件计算,进而评估其人员疏散的安全性,并提出保证人员安全疏散的建议,为同类型影院的消防设计提供参考依据.     

安全疏散研究的国内外动态和发展趋势

文章论述了火灾安全疏散研究的国内外最新动态和发展趋势,介绍了公安部四川消防科研所拟在“十五”期间,开展大空间公共建筑火灾疏散评估技术研究的概况。     

高层教学楼人员疏散仿真分析

选择某高校高层教学楼作为研究对象,对该教学楼进行人员疏散仿真分析。分析结果表明:在现有结构基础上,突发状况时及时打开所有出口对提高疏散效率是有效的,配置警报联动装置疏散效率可提高12%,利用电梯疏散效率可提高14%。     

恭王府大戏楼人员安全疏散设计

恭王府具有悠久的历史,是北京最大的四合院。结合恭王府内的实地情况,以大戏楼为主要研究对象,运用疏散模拟软件bulidingEXODUS计算出疏散时间,以此为依据制定火灾时人员最佳疏散方案,从而减少火灾发生时人员的伤亡。     

KTV火灾人员安全疏散研究

以广州市天河区某KTV场所为例,运用CFAST火灾模型对火灾过程进行数值模拟,得到各区域危险临界时间。同时运用BuildingEXODUS模型进行人员疏散模拟,得出人员安全疏散时间。对比危险临界时间和人员安全疏散时间结果表明,该KTV所有人员在发生火灾时能够安全疏散。给出KTV场所中保证人员安全疏散的建议。     

KTV火灾人员安全疏散研究

以广州市天河区某KTV场所为例,运用CFAST火灾模型对火灾过程进行数值模拟,得到各区域危险临界时间.同时运用BuildingEXODUS模型进行人员疏散模拟,得出人员安全疏散时间.对比危险临界时间和人员安全疏散时间结果表明,该KTV所有人员在发生火灾时能够安全疏散.给出KTV场所中保证人员安全疏散的建议.     

报告厅火灾时人员安全疏散的研究

结合报告厅的实例,设置了三处不同的着火点,分别计算所需安全疏散时间(RequiredSafetyEgressTime,RSET)并借助火灾模拟分析软件FDS模拟有效安全疏散时间(AvailableSafetyEgressTime,ASET),研究了人员疏散的安全性及不同火灾场景对安全疏散的影响。结果表明该报告厅能满足人员逃生的需要,火灾场景A对人员的疏散影响最大,可作为火灾的最不利点。     

郊区服装厂人员安全疏散存在的问题及对策

以北京顺义郊区某服装为例,结合火灾中人员安全疏散的基本条件,对郊区服装厂在人员安全疏散中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了有针对性的对策。     

基于最不利点视角的多出口建筑应急疏散模型

为有效评估多出口建筑的人群应急疏散能力,从各疏散路径的最不利点视角分析其疏散过程,首先建立预作用时间、通行时间、滞留时间、步行时间等4 个时间段的控制方程及最不利点人员通行时间计算算法,然后构建多出口建筑的人群疏散数学模型。以西安某地铁换乘站为原型,通过数学模型和仿真模型分别计算车站的人员疏散时间。结果表明：疏散过程中,某条疏散路径的最不利点疏散人员在某个通行结构上消耗的通行时间不仅与该结构的通行能力有关,还与到达该通行结构之前经过的所有通行结构的通行能力及它们相互之间的需疏散人数有关;楼梯通行能力以及人员在楼梯上的移动速度均与楼梯宽度呈正相关关系,与人体厚度和宽度呈负相关关系。该疏散模型与仿真模型的计算时间误差仅为1.47%。     

Developing a database for emergency evacuation model

Performance-based design (PBD) has been playing an important function in fire safety of buildings, and how to accurately simulate occupants’ behavior gains attention from fire engineers. With booming development of evacuation software, developing an extensive database for evacuation models is imperative and urgent. According to the literature, the whole process of evacuation includes several stages, such as pre-movement, action period, walking period, etc. In order to develop an evacuation model, data in these stages concerning pre-movement time, walking speed, occupant characteristics, actions and exit choice decisions are compiled in this paper. These data can be used as input parameters for evacuation models in PBD or in validating the evacuation models’ accuracy.     

ESM: a building evacuation simulation model

Evacuation simulation model (ESM) is a tool for simulating evacuation in building fires. This model can simulate the optimized evacuation, the phased evacuation and the “Evacuability”, which is defined as the percentage of successful evacuees to the total occupants in the building evaluated. It is also capable of tracing the occupants in every compartment of the building at every time step, and describing the values of passages between compartments during simulation. ESM is a network model consisting of stocks connected by flows. The stocks stand for the compartments, such as rooms, corridors, hallways, stairs, landings and lobbies. The flows represent the passages between compartments. Using ESM, the evacuation safety of buildings can be evaluated.     

析古建筑灭火应急疏散预案的制定和演练

分析了古建筑火灾的特点 ,提出了扑救古建筑物初起火灾的灭火应急疏散预案     

论建筑消防应急疏散照明技术的发展和应用

建筑消防应急疏散照明技术是一门涉及建筑火灾时人员安全疏散和灭火救援用的消防应急照明和标志灯具产品开发;系统设计、安装和应用;标准和规范制修订等项内容的重要建筑防火技术.最近十几年,随着科学技术、经济建设和各项社会事业的迅速发展,消防应急照明技术有了长足发展和广泛应用.本文将从上述几个方面论述目前国内外建筑消防应急疏散照明技术发展和应用情况.     

室外应急疏散

1引言对于包括我国在内的世界各国,目前在消防工作中大都施行了以内部疏散为主、外部救援为辅的传统安全疏散方式。随着多起恶性火灾事故的发生,人们逐渐意识到这种主要依赖于建筑物内部疏散设施或系统的疏散方式在许多情况下暴露出的局限性。各国消防工作者纷纷开始着手研究和发展多元化的救援逃生技术,而借助于辅助工具运用室外空间进行逃生的室外应急疏散方式在近年来日益受到了关注和重视。室外应急疏散是一种较为行之有效的疏散方法,尤其当疏散通道受到烟气封堵或无法正常使用时,室外应急疏散将成为第二条生命通道。同时,我国经济建设…     

EVACNET4模型在高层建筑疏散中的应用

分析了EVACNET4模型的结构特征,应用EVACNET4网络模型计算某高层建筑的人员疏散时间,对比日本手算法和经验公式计算出的时间,指出该模型应用于高层建筑人员疏散时间计算的实际意义.     

A computer model for the evacuation of large building populations

The computer model ‘SIMULEX’ is designed to simulate the escape movement of thousands of individual people through large, geometrically complex building spaces. The model is intended for use both as a research and design tool to analyse the evacuation of large populations through a wide range of building environments.The computer program assigns a variety of attributes to each individual in the building population. These attributes include a co-ordinate position, angle of orientation, and a walking speed for each person. Specific algorithms that facilitate the simulation of escape movement include distance mapping, wayfinding, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments to individual speeds due to the proximity of crowd members. These algorithms contribute to a computer package that displays the building plan and the position and progress of individual building occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits.     

A crowd route choice evacuation model in large indoor building spaces

Route choice is a fundamental requirement in the evacuation process. The aim of this paper is to identify a method to simulate crowds in large indoor spaces with consideration of the acoustic system. This paper first extends an existing cellular automaton model and proposes a cellular automaton crowd route choice model (CACR model) to simulate evacuees in large indoor spaces. It then defines a measure for evaluating the utility of evacuation time using the CACR model under different circumstances, such as a fire situation or different voice warning systems, which other commercial models cannot simulate. The analysis of the characteristics of a sound field in large indoor spaces is based on field measurements. An observation experiment in a gymnasium is employed to test the proposed model in a stadium evacuation scenario. The results demonstrate that the CACR model can accurately simulate the evacuation process in large indoor spaces under various circumstances.     

Agent-based simulation of alternative classroom evacuation scenarios

Due to the growing number of emergency accidents occurring around students,evacuation issues have become significantly important for both school officials and architects. Simply following construction codes cannot ensure that a building's layout is suitable for evacuation behaviors; therefore, to discover the suitable planning schemes, we have introduced an agent-based simulation model via Netlogo to investigate the interrelationships between evacuation efficiency and classroom layouts. Before conducting modeling experiments, both the simulation structure and the sensitivity to its parameter settings are examined by validation research and sensitivity analysis. Furthermore,to demonstrate the importance of conducting fire drills with students, two differen ttypes of behavior rules are designed to reflect the distinctive characteristics of students evacuating without instructions and students evacuating in good order.The general comparison results show us that the classroom layout with two exits shortens students' evacuation time, and the premeditated behavior rules, meaning that students who follow preset instructions to arrange their activities, not only escape faster but also have some advantages in ensuring their safety during the evacuation process. Moreover, at the end of this paper, several methods of improving this simulation model are proposed for more complex research in the future.