Simultaneous Estimation of Thermal Properties of Living Tissue Using Noninvasive Method

A new noninvasive measurement method is presented for simultaneous estimation of the key thermal properties of cylindrical living tissue. This method is based on heating of the surface of a cylinder and measuring surface temperatures at three points on the cylinder. Numerical calculations and theoretical analysis for the corresponding two-dimensional model are carried out. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method. The selection, crossover, and mutation operators of a new real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) are designed in this paper to solve the problem of parameter optimization. Then, a set of simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as to optimize the design of the experiments. Finally, a series of experiments is performed to measure the thermal parameters of the human forearm. The experimental results indicate that the obtained parameters, such as the thermal conductivity, blood perfusion, and volumetric heat capacity, are within the range of reference values. The proposed method is easy to implement in practical applications. Paper presented at the Seventeenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 5–8, 2005, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

实时超声造影在肾脏局限性肿瘤诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨实时超声造影在肾脏局限性肿瘤诊断中应用价值。方法:采用CPS新技术联合应用Sonovue新型超声造影剂对48例肾脏占位性病变患者实施检查。结果:本次采用超声造影对肾脏局限性肿瘤进行诊断的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测准确率、阴性预测准确率以及整体诊断准确率分别为90%、75%、92%、67%和86%。结论:实时超声造影诊断肾脏局限性肿瘤准确可靠,值得临床深入研究并推广应用。     

超声造影增强程度对前列腺癌的诊断价值及其影响因素研究

目的:探讨超声造影增强程度对前列腺癌的诊断价值及其影响因素。方法:对2010年1月至2012年8月我院收治的68例前列腺癌患者的病例进行回顾性分析。结果:超声造影声像图上,前列腺癌以明显增强为主。结论:超声造影增强程度对前列腺癌的诊断具有相当高的诊断价值,但是病灶的直径,位置会对诊断超声造影诊断造成一定影响。     

Metalloporphyrin Complex‐Based Nanosonosensitizers for Deep‐Tissue Tumor Theranostics by Noninvasive Sonodynamic Therapy

Metal complexes are widely used as anticancer drugs, while the severe side effects of traditional chemotherapy require new therapeutic modalities. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) provides a significantly noninvasive ultrasound (US) treatment approach by activating sonosensitizers and initiating reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage malignant tissues. In this work, three metal 4‐methylphenylporphyrin (TTP) complexes (MnTTP, ZnTTP, and TiOTTP) are synthesized and encapsulated with human serum albumin (HSA) to form novel nanosonosensitizers. These nanosonosensitizers generate abundant singlet oxygen (¹O₂) under US irradiation, and importantly show excellent US‐activatable abilities with deep‐tissue depths up to 11 cm. Compared to ZnTTP‐HSA and TiOTTP‐HSA, MnTTP‐HSA exhibits the strongest ROS‐activatable behavior due to the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital?lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap energy by density functional theory. It is also effective for deep‐tissue photoacoustic/magnetic resonance dual‐modal imaging to trace the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors. Moreover, MnTTP‐HSA intriguingly achieves high SDT efficiency for simultaneously suppressing the growth of bilateral tumors away from ultrasound source in mice. This work develops a deep‐tissue imaging‐guided SDT strategy through well‐defined metalloporphyrin nanocomplexes and paves a new way for highly efficient noninvasive SDT treatments of malignant tumors.     

三向加速度传感器故障诊断方法研究

对三向加速度传感器提出了一种具有传感器故障诊断模块的系统故障诊断框架.三向加速度传感器故障诊断模块采用了一种基于神经网络和冗余率计算的新方法.该方法先用RBF神经网络对传感器的输出进行预测,若预测值与输出值发生较大的偏差,存在的可能是传感器发生故障或设备发生故障,运用传感器之间的冗余率,可以进一步判断传感器是否发生故障,进而产生决策策略.     

负荷传感器频率特性校准系统

介绍负荷传感器频率特性校准系统的基本原理和试验结果 ,分析了测量结果的不确定度。该系统具有大量程、宽频带、重复性好的特点     

A Nitric Oxide (NO) Nanoreporter for Noninvasive Real-Time Imaging of Macrophage Immunotherapy

Macrophage-centered therapeutic approaches that rely on immune modulation of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) from a pro-tumorigenic phenotype (M2) to an anti-tumorigenic phenotype (M1) have facilitated a paradigm shift in macrophage immunotherapy. However, limited clinical success has been achieved due to the low response rates observed in different types of cancers. The ability to measure immune response in real time is critical in order to differentiate responders from non-responders; however, there are currently no platforms to monitor real-time macrophage immunotherapy response. Hence, there is an immediate need to develop imaging techniques that can longitudinally monitor macrophage immunotherapy response. Nitric oxide (NO) produced as a result of activation of macrophages to an anti-tumorigenic state is considered as a hallmark of M1 and can be a direct indication of response. In this study, a NO nanoreporter (NO-NR) is reported that enables real-time monitoring of macrophage immunotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it is observed that sustained inhibition of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) using a CSF1R inhibitor–NO-NR system leads to enhanced efficacy and better imaging signal. In conclusion, a first-of-its-kind NO nanoreporter tool is reported that can be used as an activatable imaging agent to monitor macrophage immunotherapy response in real time.     

软模板法制备高频超声换能器用1-3复合压电材料

医用高频超声成像技术广泛应用于皮肤、眼睛及血管壁等人体组织的精细结构成像。1-3复合压电材料因具有较高的机电耦合系数而成为高频超声换能器的核心材料。传统的机械切割-填充、等离子蚀刻等1-3复合材料制备方法成本高、效率低, 难以实现工业化制备。本研究提出一种新的基于软模板的高频复合材料制备方法, 在获得高机电耦合系数的同时, 实现高性能1-3复合压电材料的低成本制备。研究采用微米孔径的软模板实现PZT粉的浆料填充, 通过热压烧结获得均匀竖立的PZT陶瓷微柱阵列, 进而制备出PZT/环氧1-3复合材料。对复合材料进行系统的机电性能测试, 并利用不同方法对复合材料的微结构及其均匀性进行表征。结果表明, 软模板法可使压电微柱具有完整的相结构和较高的成分均匀性, 能够实现较高的胚体压缩率, 提高陶瓷微柱的致密度, 同时形成了微柱阵列且微柱直径可控制在70 μm。软模板法有利于在提高复合材料超声频率(30~50 MHz)的同时获得64%的高机电耦合系数, 为医用高频超声成像以及超声生物显微镜等应用提供了一种高效的1-3复合压电材料工业化制备方法。     

超声早期诊断深部组织损伤及预测压疮预后应用

目的:探究超声早期诊断深部组织损伤及预测压疮预后应用。方法:现将2018年8月至2019年8月来我院接受治疗的14例压疮患者(25处)作为调查对象,分析入组时超声影像学特征对压疮预后的影响,分析临床资料并得出相应的结论。结果:压疮第1次超声检查结果及预后情况25处压疮中,4周后13处(52.0%)压疮治愈,7处(28.0%)压疮分期不变,5处(20.0%)压疮进展。结论:运用超声早期诊断技术发现以及干预深部组织是预防压疮病情恶化最为重要的一步,并在临床实践中取得较为有效的效果,提高早期检出率,建议在临床护理当中积极推广。     

Real-Time Assessment and Diagnosis of Process Operating Performance

Over time, the performance of processes may deviate from the initial design due to process variations and uncertainties, making it necessary to develop systematic methods for online optimality assessment based on routine operating process data. Some processes have multiple operating modes caused by the set point change of the critical process variables to achieve different product specifications. On the other hand, the operating region in each operating mode can alter, due to uncertainties. In this paper, we will establish an optimality assessment framework for processes that typically have multi-mode, multi-region operations, as well as transitions between different modes. The kernel density approach for mode detection is adopted and improved for operating mode detection. For online mode detection, the model-based clustering discriminant analysis (MclustDA) approach is incorporated with some a priori knowledge of the system. In addition, multi-modal behavior of steady-state modes is tackled utilizing the mixture probabilistic principal component regression (MPPCR) method, and dynamic principal component regression (DPCR) is used to investigate transitions between different modes. Moreover, a probabilistic causality detection method based on the sequential forward floating search (SFFS) method is introduced for diagnosing poor or non-optimum behavior. Finally, the proposed method is tested on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark simulation process in order to evaluate its performance.     

A Virtual Puncture Surgery System Based on Multi-Layer Soft Tissue and Force Mesh

Puncture is a common operation in surgery, which involves all kinds of tissue materials with different geometry and mechanical properties. As a new cross-disciplinary research area, Virtual Surgery (VS) makes simulation of soft tissue in puncture operation possible in virtual environment. In this paper, we introduce a VS-based puncture system composed by three-layer soft tissue, simulated with spherical harmonic function (SHF), which is covered with a force mesh, constructed by mass spring model (MSM). The two models are combined together with a parameter of SHF named surface radius, which provides MSM with real-time deformation data needed in force calculation. Meanwhile, force calculation, divided into the surface spring force and the puncture damping force, makes the force presentation better accord to the corresponding tissue characteristics. Moreover, a deformation resumption algorithm is leveraged to simulate the resumption phenomenon of the broken tissue surface. In evaluation experiment, several residents are invited to grades our model along with other four mainstream soft tissue models in terms of 7 different indicators. After the evaluation, the scores are analyzed by a comprehensive weighted grading method. Experiment results show that the proposed model has better performance during puncture operation than other models, and can well simulate surface resumption phenomenon when tissue surface is broken.     

Harnessing Hafnium-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, there are great interests in employing nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of hafnium oxide (HfO₂), commercially namedas NBTXR3, as a new kind of nanoradiosensitizer for radiotherapy (RT) of cancers has aroused extensive interest in researches on Hf-based nanomaterials for biomedical application. In the past 20 years, Hf-based nanomaterials have emerged as potential and important nanomedicine for computed tomography (CT)-involved bioimaging and RT-associated cancer treatment due to their excellent electronic structures and intrinsic physiochemical properties. In this review, a bibliometric analysis method is employed to summarize the progress on the synthesis technology of various Hf-based nanomaterials, including HfO₂, HfO₂-based compounds, and Hf-organic ligand coordination hybrids, such as metal-organic frameworks or nanoscaled coordination polymers. Moreover, current states in the application of Hf-based CT-involved contrasts for tissue imaging or cancer diagnosis are reviewed in detail. Importantly, the recent advances in Hf-based nanomaterials-mediated radiosensitization and synergistic RT with other current mainstream treatments are also generalized. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of Hf-based nanomaterials with a view to maximize their great potential in the research of translational medicine are also discussed.     

经阴道超声对输卵管间质部妊娠及宫角妊娠的鉴别诊断

目的：探讨经阴道超声对输卵管间质部妊娠及宫角妊娠的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析我院经手术及病理证实的62例输卵管间质部妊娠患者及宫角妊娠患者声像图特点。结果：62例间质部妊娠及宫角妊娠,正确诊断为间质部妊娠为30例,宫角妊娠为26例。总病例超声诊断正确率为88．0％（56／62）。在6例包块型误诊或未明确诊断的患者中,1例宫角妊娠误为宫内孕,2例官角妊娠与间质部妊娠相互误诊。2例误诊为滋养细胞肿瘤,1例未能明确诊断。结论：经阴道超声检查对间质部妊娠与宫角妊娠具有较高的定位诊断价值,对临床决策治疗方案具有指导意义。     

用于治癌的超声加热及无损测人体内温度研究

本文系统论述了超声加热的原理，超声加热机的设计与研制，特别讨论了球面无聚焦系统及其在与放射性相结合的超声加热治癌中的的应用。同时介绍了若干正在研究中无损测温与控温方法。     

Teriparatide Therapy as an Adjuvant for Tissue Engineering and Integration of Biomaterials

Critically sized large bone defects commonly result from trauma, radical tumor resections or infections. Currently, massive allografting remain as the clinical standard to treat these critical defects. Unfortunately, allograft healing is limited by the lack of osteogenesis and bio-integration of the graft to the host bone. Based on its widely studied anabolic effects on the bone, we have proposed that teriparatide [recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34))] could be an effective adjuvant for massive allograft healing. In support of this theory, here we review studies that have demonstrated that intermittent PTH(1-34) treatment enhances and accelerates the skeletal repair process via a number of mechanisms including: effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, bone formation and remodeling. We also review the current literature on the effects of PTH(1-34) therapy on bone healing, and discuss this drug's long term potential as an adjuvant for endogenous tissue engineering.     

Real-Time Central Data Acquisition and Analysis System for High-Voltage Transients

A system has been developed for ultra-high-speed digital recording and analysis of transient phenomena. It enables one to look back in time, recording signals that occur prior to single events which have statistical uncertainties of occurrence, such as lightning or breakdown phenomena. The system as installed is playing an essential role in studying " cause-effect" relationships through the acquisition and analysis of data. Data are received in an asynchronous fashion in real time and stored in a cartridge disk through Transient Recorders (Biomation Model 8100) and minicomputer (Melcom-70, Japan). The system is time-shared and digital-controlled by multiple users from remote consoles located at nine test stations. The stored data are retrieved and analyzed with highest "time availability" priority to get processed information through correlation, statistical analysis or various computer-aided simulations. Special precautions have been taken against high energy electromagnetic noise fields, such as grounding, shielding, etc., in order to attain noise-proof operation. Principles of operation, major components, and examples of the application of the system are presented.     

胎儿心脏畸形的超声诊断及临床分型

目的:探讨超声诊断应用于胎儿心脏畸形中的诊断价值及具体分型情况。方法:将2016年12月至2018年7月收治的100例心脏畸形的胎儿作为研究对象,采用病例资料回顾的方式概括并分析超声诊断结果和具体临床分型。结果:经超声诊断提示心脏单一结构畸形42例,心脏联合畸形55例,非结构性心脏畸形3例。心脏畸形轻度36例,出生后须紧急特殊处理病例13例,重症心脏畸形但通过治疗可根治病例23例,复杂心脏畸形且无法根治28例。结论:超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形能够帮助医师正确评估病情。     

B型超声诊断腰椎TB脓肿及分型

本文报告了27例腰椎TB合并椎旁脓肿的患者,早期TB的超声显示明显不及传统的X线,但对发展到一定程度超声是可以显示的,尤其当椎体遭到破坏形成椎旁或流注脓肿时,超声探查远优于传统的X线,并且二维超声可以对脓肿进行介入治疗,可随时观察治疗效果,从超声角度上分为两型:①包裹型;②窦道型。包裹型超声特点为一侧或两侧椎旁可探及无回声暗区,无相对完整的包膜,后方效应无明显增强,这与脓液是否完全液化程度有关,且与椎旁无回声暗区有相通的无回声暗带,向下追踪扫查可在髂窝及股三角处观察到流注的脓腔,所以超声在软组织与液注占位的分辨上优于X线平片。     

传感器现场校准测试系统电气系统设计与实现

传感器现场校准测试系统用于对运载火箭装配的脉冲频率输出式压力传感器的静态性能、压力开关及磁敏行程开关传感器的静态和动态性能进行测试,此测试系统解决装箭状态下压力开关响应时间测试问题。电气系统基于RS-232串口通信上、下位机模式。下位机软件功能模块间接口清晰,提高了软件的可扩展性、可移植性和可维护性,且源代码易于理解。