Pt/Fe_2O_3/TiO_2的制备、表征及其光催化活性研究

报道了担载不同贵金属或过渡金属氧化物的TiO2 催化剂对空气中微量甲醛的光催化氧化的研究结果。实验发现 ,TiO2 上担载Fe2 O3 或Pt时对甲醛均有较高的光催化氧化活性。同时担载双组分的光催化剂Pt Fe2 O3 TiO2 ,由于 2种组分的协同作用 ,具有更高的光催化活性。研究了催化剂制备因素、催化剂的结构及表面特性对催化活性的影响     

Pt／Fe2O3／TiO2的制备、表征及其光催化活性研究

报道了担载不同贵金属或过渡金属氧化物的TiO2催化剂对空气中微量甲醛的光催化氧化的研究结果,实验发现,TiO2上担载Fe2O3或Pt时对甲醛均有较高的光催化氧化活性,同时担载双组分的光催化剂Pt/Fe2O3/TiO2,由于2种组分的协同作用,上仍更高的光催化活性,研究了催化剂制备因素,催化剂的结构及表面特性对催化活性的影响。     

可见光响应Pt沉积La2O3/TiO2制备及其对甲苯的光热催化去除

以钛酸四丁酯和硝酸镧为原料,采用溶胶—凝胶法制备La2O3/TiO2,通过光沉积法在La2O3/TiO2表面负载纳米Pt粒子.采用XPS、FTIR、XRD、DRS、TEM和低温氮物理吸附对光催化剂的晶体结构、光谱特征和表面结构进行表征.考察了催化剂在可见光下对甲苯的去除性能和温度对催化剂去除甲苯的影响.结果表明,沉积的Pt以单质和吸附氧的形式存在,其中以吸附氧的形式为主.Pt的掺入没有引起TiO2相结构的变化,减小了晶粒尺寸并增大了催化剂的比表面积.纳米Pt均匀地分布在La2O3/TiO2上,尺寸分布比较均一,大约为5～10nm.Pt-La2O3/TiO2的表面羟基官能团伸缩振动明显增强,比TiO2和La2O3/TiO2具有更高的可见光催化活性.Pt-La2O3/TiO2对甲苯的降解率,随着温度的升高而增大,产生了与光催化作用平行的热催化作用.气相甲苯光热催化过程不是光催化与热催化的简单叠加,而是存在协同作用.     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

TiO2负载硅胶催化剂的制备和光催化活性

用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe3+、Gd3+共掺杂的纳米TiO2,并以硅胶(SiO2)为载体制备出负载型催化剂(Fe3+/Gd3+/TiO2-SiO2)。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外漫反射(DRS)等手段对其进行了表征。研究了溶胶煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及陈化时间对硅胶负载效果及对亚硝酸盐的光催化活性的影响,并测定了催化剂的用量及其循环使用对亚硝酸盐的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,与Fe3+/Gd3+/TiO2相比,负载型催化剂可显著提高催化剂的光催化活性;在500℃煅烧2 h、陈化时间1 h、催化剂投入量为1.0 g/L时亚硝酸盐降解效果最佳,降解率约为90.46%。     

不同催化剂可见光催化H2O2降解莠去津的性能研究

以锐钛矿型TiO2(记为A)以及Fe3+改性后的锐钛矿型TiO2(记为Fe-A)为光催化剂,以内分泌干扰物莠去津为目标污染物,研究了H2O2加入前后对两种不同催化剂可见光催化降解莠去津的影响,及其可见光催化降解莠去津的反应机理。结果表明:在H2O2存在的条件下,锐钛矿型TiO2可见光催化降解莠去津的光催化性能有了一定的提高,而Fe3+改性过后的锐钛矿型TiO2可见光催化降解莠去津的性能却得到显著提高,反应1h,降解率便达到98%。形成这种结果的原因可以初步判定为前者是H2O2吸附于锐钛矿型TiO2表面形成特殊结构,产生的O2-.主要起氧化降解作用,而后者则由于其溶出的Fe3+与H2O2作用在可见光下发生光芬顿反应,进而对莠去津起到良好的降解效果。     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管光催化降解微环境苯系物的实验研究

采用阳极氧化-阴极沉积-阳极氧化法制备了三氧化二铁/二氧化钛(Fe2O3/TiO_2)复合纳米管阵列,以室内空气典型污染物苯系物为模拟反应物,研究了湿度与催化剂用量对苯系物气体光催化降解效果的影响,并分析了Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管光催化降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯的反应历程。结果表明:该Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管排列整齐均匀,相对纯TiO_2具有较高的可见光响应特性;光功率密度为0.9W/cm2、停留时间为10min,不同湿度和催化剂用量条件下总苯系物的降解率可以达到75%~95.3%;当湿度为60%,光催化剂用量为50cm2或62.5cm2时,各组分的降解率达到最高;湿度为0~30%,催化剂用量为25~37.5cm2时,各组分的降解率较高;在不同湿度下,苯系物各组分的氧化历程主要受正水离子及超负氧离子的数量影响。     

还原气氛、助催化剂对SrTiO3光催化分解水制氢性能的影响

采用水热法制备了SrTiO3光催化材料,研究了在还原气氛下不同处理时间对SrTiO3光催化分解水制氢性能的影响;此外还研究了单一和复合助催化剂以及担载方法对光解水制氢性能的影响。结果表明:还原气氛中处理1h的样品,其制氢速率比未经处理的样品提高了近40%;担载单一助催化剂比复合助催化剂效果更好;光沉积Pt助催化剂样品具有最高的光催化活性。     

静电纺丝法制备Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维及表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为纤维模板,钛酸四丁酯(Ti[O(CH2)3CH3]4)和Fe3+为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,醋酸为催化剂,采用静电纺丝法制备不同含铁量的复合纳米纤维Fe3+/TiO2,经500℃煅烧得到以锐钛矿为主的Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别表征了Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的形貌与晶态,计算了样品的晶粒尺寸和锐钛矿所占的比例,并比较了5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维、5%Fe3+/TiO2粉体以及纯TiO2纳米纤维三者光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的效果。研究表明:由静电纺丝法制备的5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化降解效果比相同含铁量的粉体的降解效果好,TiO2纳米纤维比5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化活性高。     

碳载Au/TiO2光催化材料的制备与拉曼增强特性

采用强度高和柔软性好的碳纤维、碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯为载体,负载Au纳米粒子掺杂的TiO2,获得碳载Au/TiO2高效光催化剂.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼等表征手段,考察了所得碳载Au/TiO2的结构、形貌与性能.所得碳载Au/TiO2在汞灯照射下可有效地降解亚甲基蓝染料分子.其中Au粒子有效抑制了TiO2表面光生电子-空穴的复合,增强了光生载流子的分离效率,提高了TiO2的光催化性能;碳载体提高了Au/TiO2催化剂活性组分的分散度,促进了亚甲基蓝分子的吸附,对Au/TiO2的光催化活性具有良好的协同效应.拉曼实验表明,Au/TiO2/CF、Au/TiO2/GO也是一种优秀的表面增强拉曼散射检测基底.同时,Au/TiO2/CF、Au/TiO2/GO可在汞灯照射下“清洗”掉表面吸附的上组表面增强拉曼散射实验中的检测分子,实现基底的循环利用.     

K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6) and Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) perovskite compounds

We systematize available experimental data on the crystal structure of the ternary halides K₂(Rb₂,Cs₂,Tl₂)TeBr₆(I₆) and Rb₃(Cs₃)Sb₂(Bi₂)Br₉(I₉), analyze the general trends in the properties of their single crystals, and examine the key features of the physicochemical interaction in related systems.     

Natural and persistent superhydrophilicity of SiO2/TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 bi-layer films

Sol-gel SiO₂/TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films have been deposited from a polymeric SiO₂ solution and either a polymeric TiO₂ mother solution (MS) or a derived TiO₂ crystalline suspension (CS). The chemical and structural properties of MS and CS bi-layer films heat-treated at 500 °C have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscospy. Water contact angle measurements show that MS SiO₂/TiO₂ and CS TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural superhydrophilicity, but cannot maintain a zero contact angle for a long time over film aging. In contrast, CS SiO₂/TiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural, persistent, and regenerable superhydrophilicity without the need of UV light. Superhydrophilic properties of bi-layer films are discussed with respect to the nature of the TiO₂ single-layer component and arrangement of the bi-layer structure, i.e. TiO₂ underlayer or overlayer.     

The role of TiO2 and ZrO2 in Na2OMO2SiO2 glasses

The glass transition temperatures of $\text{(1?x)}\text{Na}{}_2\text{O}\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{x}\text{MO}{}_2\text{·2}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and Na₂O·xMO₂·(2 ?x)SiO₂ glasses, with M = Ti or Zr, have been related to the structural role and coordination of Ti and Zr. The role of network-former, intermediate or modifier of a cation has been fundamentally linked to ionic field strength; T_g values depend on ionic field strength and coordination. Titanium behaves like an intermediate oxide; its coordination ranges between four and six, depending on $\text{Ti}\text{Si}$ ratio. The role of zirconium changes according to the degree of substitution for Na or Si and progressively approaches that of a modifier ion.     

Crystal Structure of (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)2](H2O)3.5

Crystals of (H₃O)₂[(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂](H₂O)_3.5 were prepared from aqueous solutions by evaporation. The crystal structure [monoclinic system, space group P2₁/m, a = 11.9402(11), b = 13.6452(14), c = 13.7271(12) Å, β = 109.436(7)°, V = 2109.1(3) ų] was solved by the direct method and refined to R ₁ = 0. 048 (wR ₂ = 0. 082) for 3677 reflections with |F _hkl |F _hkl |. The structure consists of [(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂]₂₋ layers arranged parallel to the (010) plane. The layers are formed by uranium and selenium coordination polyhedra sharing common vertices and are linked with each other by hydrogen bonds through the H₂O and H₃O⁺ groups arranged between the layers. __________ Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2005, pp. 412–414. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Krivovichev, Kahlenberg.     

Syntheses and structures of Ta2(WO2)0.87H0.26(PO4)4 and Ta2(MoO2)(PO4)4

Tantalum hydrogen phosphate, β-TaH(PO₄)₂, has a three-dimensional structure that is stable to remarkably high temperature (∼600 °C) presumably due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds. Impedance measurements indicate a low conductivity, 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm at 200 °C in 5% H₂. In further studies aimed at enhancing the conductivity by aliovalent doping, we have investigated systematically the synthesis of compounds in the TaH(PO₄)₂-W₂P₂O₁₁ system at 380 °C. As a result, a new phase, Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄, was identified and subsequently the molybdenum analog Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ was also prepared. The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structures of Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄ and Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ can be formally derived from the structure of β-TaH(PO₄)₂ by the replacement of two P-OH protons with an MO₂²⁺ (M = Mo and W) group together with a change in the orientation of some phosphate tetrahedra.     

Al2O3/SiO2 and HfO2/SiO2 dichroic mirrors for UV solid-state lasers

HfO₂/SiO₂ and Al₂O₃/SiO₂ multilayers to be employed as high reflectance end mirrors in Cerium-doped fluoride solid-state lasers were produced by radio frequency sputtering. The components were designed to have high transmittance at the pumping wavelength and high reflectance in a wavelength band corresponding to the active medium emission. A photoacoustic beam deflection technique and inspection of the irradiated area under a microscope were used to measure the laser induced damage threshold of the mirrors at the pumping wavelength. These coatings were tested in a laser cavity.     

超临界流体干燥法制备TiO2/ Fe2O3 和TiO2/ Fe2O3/ SiO2 复合纳米粒子及光催化性能

以TiCl₄ 、Fe (NO₃ )₃·9H₂O 和Na₂SiO₃19H₂O 为原料, 采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法(SCFD)制备了纳米级TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 和TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃/ SiO₂ 复合光催化剂。以光催化降解苯酚对所得催化剂的催化活性进行了评价。结果表明, 纳米TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合粒子与单组分TiO₂ 比较, 复合粒子光催化活性高于单组分的TiO₂, 6h 苯酚降解率高达95.9 %。SiO₂ 的加入可以抑制纳米粒子粒径的长大和晶相的转变, 增强TiO₂ 纳米粒子的热稳定性。复合光催化剂中Fe₂O₃ 最佳掺入量为0.06 %, SiO₂ 最佳掺入量为10 %(摩尔分数) 。并用XRD、TEM 和FTIR 等手段进行了表征。TiO₂ 以锐钛矿型形式存在, SiO₂ 以无定性形式存在。比较了不同制备方法制得的TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合光催化剂, 得出超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小、比表面积大、分散性好、光催化活性高等特点。采用超临界流体干燥可直接得锐钛型纳米复合光催化剂。     

Reactivity of the H2O2/TiO2 system

The reactivity of the H₂O₂/TiO₂ system for samples treated at atmospheric pressure is studied by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The most significant changes on the TiO₂ ‘final’ state are: (i) The I(O)/I(Ti) peak-to-peak ratio is diminished by 15%. (ii) The LMV transition suffers an energy shift of +2 eV, whereas the peak-to-peak width diminishes 1.5 eV. (iii) Its structure changes with respect to that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state although it is not identified with any one of the known stoichiometric oxides. (iv) When the samples that represent the ‘final’ state are heated up to 650 K, the AES spectrum matches quite well that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state.     

Investigation on solar photocatalytic activity of TiO2 loaded composite: TiO2/Eggshell, TiO2/Clamshell and TiO2/CaCO3

The TiO₂/Eggshell, TiO₂/Clamshell and TiO₂/CaCO₃ loaded composites were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD and SEM. Their photocatalytic activities were measured through the degradation of Acid Red B under solar light irradiation. The influences of TiO₂ loaded content, heat-treated temperature and time on the photocatalytic activities were reviewed. The effects of irradiation time and dye initial concentration on the photocatalytic degradation were also investigated. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity can be greatly enhanced by appropriate TiO₂ loaded content.     

纳米-Al2O3/SiO2加入量对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2复相陶瓷烧结机理的影响

为了探究纳米-Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量对MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂复相陶瓷烧结行为的作用机理。以微米级MgO、纳米级Al₂O₃和SiO₂为主要原料制备陶瓷基复合材料。通过XRD和 SEM等检测手段对烧后试样的物相组成和微观结构进行测试与表征,重点研究Al₂O₃/SiO₂的加入对复相陶瓷物相组成、微观结构及烧结性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量的增大,试样烧后相对密度和烧后线变化率呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,加入15%Al₂O₃/SiO₂(质量分数)的试样经1 500 ℃烧结后,其相对密度可以达到94%。引入的Al₂O₃/SiO₂与基体中的MgO生成镁铝尖晶石与镁橄榄石相,原位反应伴随的体积膨胀,抵消部分烧结过程中的体积收缩。Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量为75%(质量分数)的试样经1 400 ℃烧结后,基体中有大量堇青石相生成,随着煅烧温度提高到1 500 ℃,堇青石分解所产生的高温液相促进了试样的烧结收缩。