JET的自适应等离子体密度控制器

提出了在ＪＥＴ中用一个自适应控制器来代替等离子体密度反馈系统中的现在常规用的控制器。装置动态特性的变化要求匹配地重调控制器以保持所要求的控制系统的性能。这种控制器调谐现在必须是人工进行的。在自适应控制器中调节过程是自动的，并与控制功能同时进行。分析了这个装置，并设计了所提出的控制器的部件来适合确定的性能并说明了模拟的结果。     

基于PC/104的EPICS设备控制器

介绍了采用PC／104的EPICS设备控制器的设计，详细分析了其软硬件结构，并结合了原理性测试结果。该控制器兼具输入出控制器和设备控制器的功能，在简化EPICS应用体系结构方面做出了成功的尝试。     

微型化四参数核谱数据获取系统

本文描述了一个基于IBM-PC/AT微型机的四参数核谱数据获取系统。每个参数作为一个子事件,其标码长度最大为12bits,2至4个子事件组成一个事件。采用顺序记录型DMA方式进行事件标码记录。该系统的数据获取接口主要由多参数控制器及DMA控制器二部分组成。该系统结构简单、价格低廉、适于推广。     

一种使用FPGA设计的DRAM控制器

本文比较了ＤＲＡＭ控制器的几种方法，指出使用ＦＰＧＡ设计ＤＲＡＭ控制器的优点。并给出一个设计实例，结合其数据流特点，详细描述了使用ＦＰＧＡ设计ＤＲＡＭ控制器的方法。     

压水堆蒸汽发生器水位的分层自适应模糊控制

针对压水堆蒸汽发生器的水位控制提出了一种分层自适应模糊控制方案。该方案中，2个模糊控制器分层连接，每个模糊控制器均采用典型模糊控制单元，使得模糊规则个数和可调参数个数大大减少，便于在线学习和实时控制。文章分别给出了分层模糊控制器的解析表达式及可调参数的在线学习方法。在压水堆快速加负荷和突然甩负荷的仿真实验中，该方案与PID控制相比，响应快，超调量小，振荡小。     

HLS200MeV电子直线加速器的联锁装置

介绍ＨＬＳ２００ＭｅＶ电子直线加速器上所用的联锁保护系统，该联锁装置由联锁控制器，事故保护控制器和主控制盘组成。其中电子枪的触发采用双通道保护，其响应时间〈３０ｍｓ。     

基于工控机控制的变频α角触发器

本文介绍了基于工控机控制的可控硅全控桥移相触发控制器，该控制器愉５８６控机及定时计数板卡组成。通过软件编程，实时检测电源系统的变化频率，并以脉冲调制双脉输出方式产生六相全控桥的定时触发脉冲。     

ASDEX—U放电监控

本文描述了ASDEX－U装置运行和实时放电控制的数字系统。利用开发和运行中得到的经验可以得到一个参考放电控制系统的结构，该系统可作为一个目标系统用来评估现有系统的增强效果。在本文中，讨论了从专用控制器的技术同步到面向物理的协调的监视控制的延伸，并列举了技术和物理应用的例子。     

Sugeno型二维模糊控制器设计及其优化研究

基于MATLAB/Simulink平台设计了某研究堆功率调节系统各环节模型,并设计了应用于该研究堆功率调节系统中的Sugeno型二维模糊控制器。仿真分析结果表明,Sugeno型二维模糊控制器可应用于该研究堆功率调节系统,且在超调量、调节时间等方面的性能优于经典PID控制器。本文提出了一种优化方法,优化后的模糊控制器性能得到改善,且性能（超调量、调节时间、振荡性能等方面）优于经典PID控制器。该优化方法是一种有效的模糊控制器优化方法。     

模块式高温气冷堆核电站的运行特性研究

球床模块式高温气冷堆核电站(HTR-PM)由于具有多个模块，运行特性比单堆电站更复杂。利用集总参数方法建立了HTR-PM的动态模型，并利用该模型对电站的运行过程进行了仿真。升功率运行的仿真结果表明，蒸汽温度严重偏离了正常允许值。设计了1个基于蒸汽温度的简单控制器，仿真结果表明，该控制器能很好地对电站进行运行控制，结果令人满意。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.