电动车底盘测功机续驶里程试验影响因素分析

介绍了依据GB/T 18386—2017《电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程试验方法》进行电动车续驶里程试验的流程,并对给各流程中续驶里程结果带来误差的因素进行分析,通过合理的试验方法确保试验结果的准确性。     

电动摩托车能量消耗率和续驶里程标准分析研究

能量消耗率和续驶里程是评价电动摩托车经济性的重要指标,GB/T 24157 -2009《电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车能量消耗率和续驶里程试验方法》是世界上第一个电动摩托车能耗标准.本文归纳了主要试验方法,介绍了在标准实施中遇到的问题及采取的技术规范,并对标准试验方法进行了分析探讨.     

电动轻便摩托车续驶里程工况测试循环的研究

通过对电动轻便摩托车行驶过程中的车速、时间进行采集,以获得大量反映电动轻便摩托车实际道路行驶特征的数据,通过对数据进行分析筛选以确定合理的电动轻便摩托车续驶里程工况测试循环。在底盘测功机上进行了不同工况的续驶里程试验,表明GB/T 24157-2009标准中电动轻便摩托车续驶里程工况法测试循环与我国的道路情况及车辆实际运行情况并不相符。     

浅析混合动力汽车总成结构与能量控制策略

通过浅析插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）动力总成结构与能量控制策略,阐述了新能源汽车对提高燃油经济性,促进节能减排的深刻意义。     

基于AMT的插电式混合动力汽车启停策略研究

自动变速器箱(AMT)插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)发动机启停管理,能有效地提高整车能量利用率,减少汽车污染物的排放。通过控制在不同荷电状态(SOC)和不同工况下的启停时机,控制整车能量平衡,从而降低整车排放和油耗。通过对整车动力系统各控制器控制策略与标定数据的优化,实现混合动力汽车启停策略,同时满足轻型混合动力电动汽车能量消耗试验方法和轻型汽车污染物排放限制以及测量方法(中国第六阶段)的要求。     

某PHEV车型加速异响问题研究及轴承设计优化

某插电式混合动力汽车(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)在加速工况出现异响,采用噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(Noise、Vibration、Harshness,NVH)技术测试,并进行工况分析及轴承设计校核,确定了主轴承异常磨损与加速异响具有关联性.综合相关影响因素,提出了主轴承优化...     

基于实际道路测试的插电式混合动力汽车排放特性研究

选择3辆轻型插电式混合动力汽车进行了基于实际道路测试的排放试验,对试验车辆在不同工况下的排放特性进行了分析.结果表明:插电式混合动力汽车在实际道路测试(RDE测试)下的油耗及CO2排放均高于WLTC测试循环,差异主要体现在市区行程,并且在急加速等工况区间内差异更加明显.在常温环境下行驶时,市区拥堵路况下频繁起停将导致催...     

基于不同测试循环的电动汽车续驶里程与能耗分析

选用2辆电动汽车在底盘测功机上分别按照新欧洲驾驶循环(NEDC)、中国乘用车行驶工况(CLTC-P)、全球统一轻型车测试循环(WLTC)进行续驶里程及能耗测试.分析车辆使用不同测试循环及标准时在电能变化量、直流能量消耗量、续驶里程、电网充电量等方面的结果差异.     

某插电式混合动力汽车高原实际行驶排放试验研究

为降低高原低温边界环境下插电式混合动力汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, PHEV)实际行驶污染物排放(real driving emissions, RDE),采用车载便携式排放测试设备对某PHEV车型开展RDE测试,基于排放测试结果,优化发动机控制单元、整车控制单元控制策略降低冷起动、过渡工况的排放,并对优化后的PHEV进行RDE测试验证。结果表明：优化后,RDE测试总行程的NO_x、PN排放较优化前分别下降52.5%、75.2%,市区行程的NO_x、PN排放分别下降70.3%、51.6%,且NO_x、PN的符合性因子均小于2.1,满足国六b要求。PHEV实际道路排放与传统车型存在较多不同,需要从多工况、多控制器角度出发优化排放,满足环保标准要求。     

Extended-range electric vehicles and their lithium-ion batteries

增程式电动汽车(E-REV,extended-range electric vehicle),是指在纯电动汽车基础上,增加一个内燃发电机增程器(RE),给电池充电或直接驱动电机以增加续航里程,从而克服纯电动汽车续驶里程短的瓶颈的新型电动汽车.是介于传统混合动力汽车与纯电动汽车之间的车辆类型,在排放,噪音,系统复杂性等方面优于传统混合动力汽车,但又比纯电动汽车在续驶里程和成本方面更具优势,因此,E-REV更具大规模商业化应用推广价值.E-REV所携带的动力电池本身的续驶里程并不大,但它要求具备更高的效率,同时具备高能量密度与高功率密度,这势必给锂离子电池的发展带来新的挑战与机遇.本文简要介绍E-REV及其发展以及对我国新能源汽车发展的重要意义,在此基础上,重点对适合于E-REV的动力电池进行分析.     

Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in a regional wind-thermal power system

This study investigates consequences of integrating plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a wind-thermal power system supplied by one quarter of wind power and three quarters of thermal generation. Four different PHEV integration strategies, with different impacts on the total electric load profile, have been investigated. The study shows that PHEVs can reduce the CO₂-emissions from the power system if actively integrated, whereas a passive approach to PHEV integration (i.e. letting people charge the car at will) is likely to result in an increase in emissions compared to a power system without PHEV load. The reduction in emissions under active PHEV integration strategies is due to a reduction in emissions related to thermal plant start-ups and part load operation. Emissions of the power sector are reduced with up to 4.7% compared to a system without PHEVs, according to the simulations. Allocating this emission reduction to the PHEV electricity consumption only, and assuming that the vehicles in electric mode is about 3 times as energy efficient as standard gasoline operation, total emissions from PHEVs would be less than half the emissions of a standard car, when running in electric mode.     

Investigation of battery end-of-life conditions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) capable of drawing tractive energy from the electric grid represent an energy efficient alternative to conventional vehicles. After several thousand charge depleting cycles, PHEV traction batteries can be subject to energy and power degradation which has the potential to affect vehicle performance and efficiency. This study seeks to understand the effect of battery degradation and the need for battery replacement in PHEVs through the experimental measurement of lithium ion battery lifetime under PHEV-type driving and charging conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the battery performance over its lifetime are then input into a vehicle performance and fuel consumption simulation to understand these effects as a function of battery degradation state, and as a function of vehicle control strategy. The results of this study show that active management of PHEV battery degradation by the vehicle control system can improve PHEV performance and fuel consumption relative to a more passive baseline. Simulation of the performance of the PHEV throughout its battery lifetime shows that battery replacement will be neither economically incentivized nor necessary to maintain performance in PHEVs. These results have important implications for techno-economic evaluations of PHEVs which have treated battery replacement and its costs with inconsistency.     

A review of international safety testing standards and regulations for lithium ion power batteries

研究了国内外具有代表性的动力锂电池安全性测试标准及规范,包括ISO 12405、IEC 62660、SAE J2464、SAE J2929、UL 2580、ECE R100-02、GB/T 31485、GB/T 31467.3和FreedomCAR。将安全性测试项目分为机械安全性、环境安全性和电气安全性3类,详细介绍了各试验项目在不同标准规范的具体参数,总结了我国国标与国外标准的异同,最后指出了现行标准规范中的不足,提出了改进意见。     

Battery sizing for serial plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: A model-based economic analysis for Germany

The battery size of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is decisive for the electrical range of the vehicle and crucial for the cost-effectiveness of this particular vehicle concept. Based on the energy consumption of a conventional reference car and a PHEV, we introduce a comprehensive total cost of ownership model for the average car user in Germany for both vehicle types. The model takes into account the purchase price, fixed annual costs and variable operating costs. The amortization time of a PHEV also depends on the recharging strategy (once a day, once a night, after each trip), the battery size, and the battery costs. We find that PHEVs with a 4 kWh battery and at current lithium-ion battery prices reach the break-even point after about 6 years (5 years when using the lower night-time electricity tariffs). With higher battery capacities the amortization time becomes significantly longer. Even for the small battery size and assuming the EU-15 electricity mix, a PHEV is found to emit only around 60% of the CO₂ emissions of a comparable conventional car. Thus, with the PHEV concept a cost-effective introduction of electric mobility and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle can be reached.     

Cost and emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid vehicles on the Ohio power system

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been promoted as a potential technology that can reduce vehicles’ fuel consumption, decreasing transportation-related emissions and dependence on imported oil. The net emission and cost impacts of PHEV use are intimately connected with the electricity generator mix used for PHEV charging, which will in turn depend on when during the day PHEVs are recharged. This paper analyzes the effects of a PHEV fleet in the state of Ohio. The analysis considers two different charging scenarios—a controlled and an uncontrolled scenario—which offer the grid operator different levels of control over the timing of PHEV charging. The analysis shows that PHEV use could result in major reductions in gasoline consumption of close to 70% per vehicle compared to a conventional vehicle (CV) under both charging scenarios. Moreover, despite the high penetrations of coal in the Ohio power system, net CO₂ emissions from a PHEV could be up to 24% lower than that of a CV in the uncontrolled case, however, CO₂ and NO_x emissions would increase in both scenarios.     

新能源汽车的经济性分析——以比亚迪PHEV和BEV为例

以国产新能源汽车-比亚迪为分析对象,分析和比较了传统燃油汽车和插电式混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车的使用及购买总成本。通过建立插电式混合动力汽车成本计算模型,并考虑汽油价格与电价的变化因素,分析插电式混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车经济性的优势与不足。分析结果表明,插电式混合动力汽车具有较鲜明的经济性,适合更广泛的推广应用;纯电动汽车随着电池性能的提高以及车载电池容量的减少,其经济性也将越来越明显。这对我国新能源汽车的研究开发和推广应用具有现实意义。     

电力测功系统在某型船用大功率单缸柴油机试验中的应用

从船用大功率单缸柴油机试验需求入手,对单缸柴油机的起动方式、能源消耗方式进行了分析比较,提出了电力测功系统方案。介绍了电力测功系统的技术构架及实现原理。试验验证表明:所选配的电力测功系统能够满足单缸柴油机试验要求,且实现了电能反馈,从而提高了能源利用率。     

Impact of battery weight and charging patterns on the economic and environmental benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology is receiving attention as an approach to reducing US dependency on foreign oil and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. PHEVs require large batteries for energy storage, which affect vehicle cost, weight, and performance. We construct PHEV simulation models to account for the effects of additional batteries on fuel consumption, cost, and GHG emissions over a range of charging frequencies (distance traveled between charges). We find that when charged frequently, every 20 miles or less, using average US electricity, small-capacity PHEVs are less expensive and release fewer GHGs than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or conventional vehicles. For moderate charging intervals of 20–100 miles, PHEVs release fewer GHGs, but HEVs have lower lifetime costs. High fuel prices, low-cost batteries, or high carbon taxes combined with low-carbon electricity generation would make small-capacity PHEVs cost competitive for a wide range of drivers. In contrast, increased battery specific energy or carbon taxes without decarbonization of the electricity grid would have limited impact. Large-capacity PHEVs sized for 40 or more miles of electric-only travel do not offer the lowest lifetime cost in any scenario, although they could minimize GHG emissions for some drivers and provide potential to shift air pollutant emissions away from population centers. The tradeoffs identified in this analysis can provide a space for vehicle manufacturers, policymakers, and the public to identify optimal decisions for PHEV design, policy and use. Given the alignment of economic, environmental, and national security objectives, policies aimed at putting PHEVs on the road will likely be most effective if they focus on adoption of small-capacity PHEVs by urban drivers who can charge frequently.     

Safety test and evaluation method of lithium ion battery

对锂离子电池的机械滥用、热滥用和电滥用安全性测试与评价方法的原理进行了分析,对具有代表性的锂离子电池安全测试标准GB/T 31467.3/31485和SAE J2464/UN 38.3的相关试验方法进行了对比分析。应用X射线三维CT技术,测试了安全性试验前后锂离子电池内部结构的变化,对X射线三维CT应用于锂离子电池安全性测试分析的前景进行了展望。为锂离子电池安全失效模式分析指明了方向。