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二氧化氯对木素的选择性强,是一种极好的漂白剂。而在TCF漂白中,所用化学品在脱木索同时都对纤维索产生降解作用,但环境保护和市场的需要又不得不采用TCF法漂白纸浆,故要生产高强性能的化学浆,二氧化氯的应用不容忽视。在TCF漂白中,臭氧(O2)是很有效的氧化剂,可以氧化各种类型结构的木素,但O2也可氧化多糖链形成羰基和羧基。在碱处理时,这类基团可引起断链而降低浆料黏度。因此,O2通常用于漂白顺序的开始,这是由于大量木索的存在而阻止了纤维索的降解。 相似文献
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在我国,用于纸浆漂白的漂剂主要是以氯元素为基础的,如Cl2、ClO2、次氯酸盐等,这些漂剂漂白纸浆的同时,也产生一些对环境污染严重的物质。为了造纸业的发展及减少对环境的污染,使用无污染漂剂成为必然。本文主要介绍氧气(O2)和臭氧(O3)作漂剂。1 性质11 O2的性质O2是无色无味的气体,能溶于水,具有氧化性,无毒无腐蚀性。12 O3的性质O3是淡蓝色有特殊气味的气体,O3是以空气中的O2为原料经高压交流电电离而产生的,因而它的氧化能力比O2强,氧化电势为207V;O3易溶于水,温度升高,溶解度增大,压力升高,溶解度增大;不稳定易分解,… 相似文献
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二氧化氯应用稳步增长的原因及应用条件 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来,二氧化氯用于纸浆漂白在世界范围可以说是稳步增长,其主要原因可归纳成以下几点:①二氧化氛对本素或残余木素能剧烈的氧化、漂白或分解;②二氧化氯对浆中的碳水化合物组份影响甚微,③可以使硫酸盐荣漂到较高的白度而不损伤纸浆的强度性质;④二氧化改在这些方面都明显优于常规漂剂—一次流酸盐。二氧化氛对漂白纸浆的影响主要决定于漂白时的PH值,很多研究者都发现:漂白时PH值在4~6范围内结果最优。PH值对C10。溶液组成的影响列于表1。襄IC10。的N*活法在70t求解别、时的组分注:C10D溶液的初始被废为2.0%有效t辛C10… 相似文献
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综述了二氧化氯的制备方法及二氧化氯在纸浆漂白中的应用情况,并就如何减少纸浆漂白中二氧化氯的用量进行分析总结,以降低生成本,减少污水负荷。 相似文献
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用2种实验室氧脱木素浆(卡伯值分别为12.0和8.3),研究了二氧化氯(D)和臭氧(Z)在赤桉KP预漂中的联合使用。实验采用Z在(DZ)和(ZD)中按比例取代D(取代量为15%~100%,以等氧化值OXE表示)的方法,评估了预漂白效率。结果发现:采用(DZ)方式要比(ZD)好。对比相应的D0预漂,在40%~50%的取代量下,(DZ)显示了最好的性能,如卡伯值下降、白度提高及黏度的合理下降。与参比流程相比,发现在(DZ)前用热酸处理可使卡伯值降低、总化学品用量减少及白度稳定性提高,而且不会导致强度下降。在D0、DZ和Z预漂浆的最终漂白中,用加压H2O2取代部分ClO2会提高浆的最终白度和减少返黄。 相似文献
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为提高菜心贮藏品质,研究二氧化氯(ClO2)、臭氧(O3)两种杀菌剂对菜心贮藏期间的呼吸强度、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活等品质指标变化规律的影响。研究发现,与对照组相比,在贮藏期内ClO2和O3对菜心呼吸的影响是先促进后抑制,二者均使菜心呼吸高峰提前到达,但贮藏中后期(6 d^9 d)杀菌组的呼吸强度低于对照组,ClO2对呼吸的抑制优于O3;ClO2和O3提高了菜心贮藏前期的硬度,贮藏后期ClO2组菜心硬度适中;ClO2降低了菜心a*值,有利于保持菜心的绿色;O3对菜心a*值略有提高,对菜心绿色影响不显著;ClO2和O3促使菜心中丙二醛的累积,但量小难以促衰老;ClO2能稳定维持偏低的过氧化物酶活性,抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,延缓其木质化和衰老,保持品质。综合分析得出,ClO2更适合杀菌处理菜心,货架期可达12 d,具有潜在的应用前景。 相似文献
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通过改进ECF漂白工艺优化二氧化氯的使用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
设计并优化了ClO2分段使用的新型ECF漂白流程。在每个D漂段使用少量ClO2使其与游离酚羟基的反应更具选择性,并避免ClO2发生副反应造成浪费。应用这一新方法可以使预漂白中的ClO2用量降低30%~35%。在低ClO2用量下采用快速搅拌和短保温时间(2min)的快速DR和ER段漂白也试验成功。新工艺中,取消D和E漂段之间的洗浆工序可以避免增加洗浆机,但需要提高NaOH用量中和更多的D漂段酸性残留物。结果表明,新流程中AOX的发生量比常规的D0E预漂白显著下降。 相似文献
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Reactions of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Lipids: Chlorine Incorporation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Various lipids were reacted with HO36Cl and 36ClO2 in an aqueous medium, and the extent of incorporation of 36Cl into the lipids was determined. Cl incorporation into lipids treated with HOCl was greater than lipids treated with ClO2. Free fatty acids incorporated more Cl than their corresponding esters. The degree of Cl incorporation was directly correlated with number of double bonds in the lipid. Triglycerides behaved as esters of their component fatty acids. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) studies indicated at least two chlorinated products were formed from the reaction of HO36Cl with oleic acid. 相似文献
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制备草鱼鱼糕,采用0.65 mg/L臭氧水溶液和10 mg/L二氧化氯(ClO2)联合对鱼糕进行预处理,研究该处 理方式对鱼糕冷藏(4 ℃)保质期及品质的影响。结果表明:臭氧-ClO2处理能够有效延长草鱼鱼糕的保质期(与 对照组相比延长10 d),4 ℃冷藏25 d后草鱼鱼糕的挥发性盐基氮含量、菌落总数等指标均未超过国家相应限量标 准;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,臭氧-ClO2处理可通过抑制内源酶活性来抑制蛋白质降解,从 而提高鱼糕的持水力,使草鱼鱼糕在贮藏过程中维持原有的白度和质构特性。 相似文献
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Ozone and Chlorine Treatment of Minimally Processed Lettuce 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to determine the effectiveness of ozone in combination with chlorine on the microbiological and sensory attributes of lettuce as well as the quality of the water used for processing commercial lettuce salad. Iceberg lettuce was inoculated with 8.0 log CFU/g microorganisms isolated from spoiling lettuce, treated with combinations of chlorine and ozone, and analyzed microbiologically. Commercial salads rinsed with chlorine, ozone, or a mixture were evaluated for sensory acceptability. Chlorine, ozone, and chlorine-ozone reduced aerobic plate count up to 1.4, 1.1, and 2.5 log, respectively. As determined by appearance, commercial lettuce salads treated with chlorine, ozone, or a combination had a shelf life of 16, 20, or 25 d, respectively. Using an ozone-chlorine or ozone rinse for commercial lettuce salads, there were no visible turbidity changes in process water. The quality of the water remained constant for longer periods of time making it available for longer reuse. Therefore, chlorine-ozone combinations may have beneficial effects on the shelf life and quality of lettuce salads as well as on the water used for rinsing or cleaning the lettuce. 相似文献
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Use of Chlorine Dioxide for Controlling Microorganisms During the Handling and Storage of Fresh Cucumbers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was very effective in killing microorganisms in waters used for handling cucumbers. It was at least 10 times more effective than chlorine or acidified solutions of stabilized chlorine dioxide (Anthium Dioxcide, International Chemicals, Clark, NJ). Model systems indicated that feeding rates of 20-35 ppm/hr were adequate to maintain effective and detectable residues of ClO2 in both washing and hydrocooler waters. However, holding cucumbers in water with even high concentrations (100 ppm) of ClO2 failed to (a) significantly reduce populations of microbes found in blended samples, (b) influence the initiation of a natural lactic acid fermentation after brining the cucumbers, or (c) delay the development of visible microbial growth during storage of cucumbers. 相似文献
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二氧化氯制备研究开发进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人们对环境质量和卫生保健的要求不断提高,作为新型漂白剂、水处理剂、消毒杀菌剂、保鲜剂的二氧化氯必将具有十分广阔的市场。本文简述了近些年国内外制备二氧化氯的研究开发动态,希望能够给相关科研工作者提供一些启发。 相似文献
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