发酵香肠发酵剂菌种筛选的研究

从近年发酵肉制品中涉及到的有益微生物中，筛选出能够快速发酵并使发酵肠风味品质俱佳、质量稳定的发酵剂。并且通过正交试验确定发酵香肠组合发酵剂的最优配比，对香肠成熟过程和贮藏过程中的pH值、乳酸菌数量的变化、感官品质等方面进行分析，研究结果表明，植物乳杆菌（Lp）、嗜酸乳杆菌（La）和戊糖片球茼（Pp）是良好的发酵肉制品发酵剂；它们作为发酵香肠发酵剂的最优配比是0.6％，0.6％，0.3％；此组合发酵剂发酵的香肠的pH值，乳酸菌数，感官特征等指标均优于单一菌种发酵的香肠.     

香肠发酵剂及其研究进展

发酵香肠作为优良的传统风味食品是发酵肉制品中产量最大的一类代表性产品,其中发酵剂的筛选及使用对其质量稳定性和风味、安全性各方面起到了决定性的作用.本文介绍了香肠发酵剂中几种常用菌属,具有优良性状发酵菌种的研究发展以及酶制剂在发酵剂中的引入的研究情况。     

适合于发酵香肠的发酵剂的研究及展望

发酵剂是影响发酵香肠质量的重要的因素之一,最初的应用只是为了更好的保存肉类.随着研究的深入,发酵剂还可以促使香肠形成特定的风味,改善香肠的营养品质,产生明显的抑菌作用.本文介绍了发酵香肠分类和发酵剂选用的标准,并对发酵剂的应用历史做了简要回顾;着重对发酵剂的应用特点做了描述,列出了各种发酵剂常用的种属以及对发酵香肠风味的特殊作用.进一步地,对发酵剂在抑制或减少香肠中常见的致病菌、腐败菌以及亚硝胺的作用做了总结,希望对提高发酵香肠的安全性方面起到一定的指导作用.最后,对发酵剂的应用前景作了展望.     

发酵香肠发酵剂的研究

探讨了发酵剂的发展,发酵剂的国内外研究现状,发酵方法、微生物发酵剂在发酵香肠中的作用研究.     

中华开菲尔发酵乳制品的研制

采用食品微生物培养与发酵技术研制中华开菲尔(Kefir)发酵乳制品.研究了中华开菲尔发酵剂的制备方法,探讨了影响母发酵荆培养的有关因素,包括接种比例,培养温度和时间,开菲尔粒大小等;分别采用滤除开菲尔粒后的培养物为发酵剂和直接使用冻干的开菲尔母发酵刺两种方法研制中华开菲尔发酵乳制品.经研究和产品试制,已初步确定了中华开菲尔发酵剂的制备工艺条件,也初步确立了中华开菲尔发酵乳制品的发酵生产工艺过程.试制产品的感官与理化指标符合预期要求,毒理试验结果为无毒.     

发酵香肠发酵剂的选择及各种发酵剂的应用前景

综述作为发酵香肠发酵剂微生物的选择标准,目前人们发现并广泛使用的几类微生物,香肠在发酵成熟过程中蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的降解变化,以及各种发酵剂微生物的应用前景。     

利用运动发酵单胞菌发酵生产酒精的研究进展

运动发酵单胞菌与传统酵母相比具有发酵速率快、糖利用率高等优点,但发酵底物范围窄.其发酵过程的生物量与葡萄糖浓度和酵母膏添加量有重要关系.细菌代替酵母称为新的发酵剂,有许多优点.详细介绍了运动发酵单胞菌发酵生产酒精的生物学特性、菌种的选育、发酵工艺和固定化技术的研究现状.     

发酵剂对发酵香肠微生物变化的影响

利用从自然发酵香肠中优选出的两株微球菌C1S23、C3R10和乳酸菌11作为发酵剂用于发酵香肠制作,研究发酵香肠在成熟过程中微生物的变化情况,选出适用于生产的发酵剂。     

开菲尔发酵剂发酵特性研究

以三种开菲尔发酵剂和一种普通酸奶菌种为发酵剂,制作成发酵乳。通过监测四种发酵剂发酵过程的pH值变化趋势,以及在4 ℃冷藏过程中酸度、pH值、黏度、乳酸菌活菌数、酵母菌、口感等指标,分析开菲尔发酵剂与普通酸奶发酵剂的发酵特点及其产品在保质期内特性变化。结果表明,与普通酸奶菌种相比,开菲尔发酵剂凝乳时间较长,发酵时间约为12～20 h,在保质期内,酸度增长较为缓慢,黏度较低,乳酸菌活菌数较高,口感方面优于普通发酵剂酸奶。     

直投式发酵剂对发酵牛肉干品质的影响

将干酪乳杆菌和木糖葡萄球菌按一定比例混合制备直投式复合发酵剂,再将其应用于发酵牛肉干,研究其对牛肉干发酵过程中理化指标和微生物特性的影响。试验被分为自然发酵对照组、普通发酵剂组和直投式发酵剂组。研究结果表明:添加普通发酵剂和直投式发酵剂均可降低牛肉干的p H,且显著低于自然发酵组(P0.05);3组牛肉干的水分含量、水分活度和红度值之间无显著差异(P0.05);添加发酵剂的牛肉干的乳酸菌总数、葡萄球菌总数和细菌总数较自然发酵组高(P0.05),感官品质较好(P0.05),这说明直投式发酵剂具有良好的发酵活力,能够提高发酵牛肉干的品质,缩短发酵时间。     

传统火腿微生物发酵作用的研究进展

目前国内外对香肠发酵剂的研究较多，已进入商业化阶段，但对火腿、腌肉发酵剂的报道很少。对酵母菌、霉菌、细菌中可用作火腿发酵剂的菌种在微生物学方面的问题、国内外火腿微生物发酵剂的研究现状进行了简要的综述。为火腿发酵剂的研制提供了依据。     

DVS乳酸菌种在我国的应用及其开发研制

DVS发酵剂是高度浓缩和标准化的冷冻或冷冻干燥型发酵剂，它可直接加入到热处理的原料乳中进行发酵。本文总结了丹麦汉森公司、法国罗地亚公司、丹麦丹尼斯克公司等生产的菌种的种类、组成、特性、包装、运输、保藏及其应用概况。并简要介绍了DVS乳酸菌种的菌株分离鉴定、超浓缩培养、冷冻干燥、复合发酵、成本核算和未来发展趋势，为我国DVS菌种开发研制提供了有关的数据信息。     

影响酸乳后酸化作用的相关因素及其作用机理研究进展

在发酵剂菌种筛选过程中,其后酸化作用是考核的重要指标之一。本文对影响发酵剂后酸化作用相关遗传学作用机理进行综述,为从根本上解决和控制发酵剂菌体在贮藏过程中的后酸化作用提供参考,为高品质酸乳的生产提供指导。     

肉品发酵剂的研究发展现状

介绍了适合做肉制品发酵剂的微生物,以及这些微生物在肉制品发酵过程中的作用;概述了近几年肉制品发酵剂的研究现状,包括肉制品发酵剂的筛选、发酵剂干燥技术的研究进展和发酵剂活性保护剂的开发状况。同时介绍了国内肉制品发酵剂的研究进展,并对我国肉制品发酵剂未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

肉制品发酵剂的研究进展

发酵剂以其具有独特的生理功能,被广泛应用于肉制品中。本文综述了肉制品发酵剂的起源,研究进展及常见的肉制品发酵剂,并对未来的研究作了展望。     

复合发酵剂和天然香辛料对羊肉发酵香肠品质特性的影响

通过接种复合发酵剂和添加天然香辛料,采用相同的工艺条件生产4组羊肉发酵香肠,1组为对照组,2组为接种发酵剂组,3组为发酵剂+黑胡椒组,4组为发酵剂+黑胡椒+孜然组。分别测定4个组羊肉发酵香肠在发酵成熟和贮藏过程中pH值、Aw值、水分含量及微生物的变化。结果表明:在发酵结束(即第1.5天)时,试验组和对照组的pH值、Aw值和水分含量均呈下降趋势,试验组的pH值迅速降到最低值(即5.0以下),与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);在干燥成熟过程中,试验组的pH值、Aw值和水分含量迅速下降,添加香辛料组的pH值迅速回升,同时乳酸菌数维持在108cfu/g以上水平,高于对照组,细菌总数却低于对照组;在贮藏过程中,试验组的pH值和水分含量基本保持不变,且均低于对照组,而Aw值始终呈下降趋势,细菌总数小于对照组。上述结果表明,接种复合发酵剂和添加天然香辛料能迅速降低pH值、Aw值和水分含量,有效抑制腐败菌和致病菌的生长,提高羊肉发酵香肠的品质和保藏性。     

Preparation of a Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture for cucumber fermentations that can meet kosher guidelines

A method is described for growth of a Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture in jars of commercially available pasteurized fresh-pack kosher dill cucumbers so that jars can be used to inoculate commercial scale cucumber fermentation tanks. A procedure is also described to transfer lactic acid bacteria from frozen storage in MRS broth into cucumber juice and commercial jars of kosher dill cucumbers so that a selected strain of lactic acid bacteria can be kosher certified for commercial fermentations in processing plants that operate under kosher certification. The strain of L. plantarum used in these experiments grew to maximum cell numbers in 4 d at 20 to 25 °C and then maintained viable cell numbers for 2 wk at >10(8) CFU/mL so the culture was suitable for inoculation of fermentation tanks. Refrigeration of jars of culture after they grow to maximum numbers minimizes die-off of cells sufficiently so that a pure culture can be maintained by aseptically transferring brine containing viable bacteria to a new pH-adjusted jar only once every 4 mo. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This report describes a method to prepare a lactic acid bacteria starter culture suitable for kosher vegetable fermentations.     

Improvement of Fermented Chinese Cabbage Characteristics by Selected Starter Cultures

Traditional fermented vegetables have inconsistent quality and high nitrite content, whereas a commercial starter culture could overcome these problems. A total of 34 lactic acid bacteria strains were screened from 2 homemade naturally fermented Chinese cabbages. Fermented characters of single starter or mixed cultures were examined, including acidification, growth rate, and nitrite depletion ability in the fermented culture. As a result, the combined starter culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii IWQ and Lactobacillus paracasei J21) was selected. The fermented Chinese cabbage resulted from this mixed starter culture had higher sugar content residue (30.5 mg/mL for mixed culture and 22 mg/mL for control). And the titratable acid of the cabbage fermented by the mixed starter was 110°T, which was twice higher than that of control sample. The selected starter culture also had a better texture and sensory qualities than that the starter cultures from a local fermented Chinese cabbage plant, especially for its significantly lower nitrite content (3.00 mg/kg for mixed culture and 4.49 mg/kg for control). The findings of this study form a database for further studies on the development of starter cultures for fermented cabbage production and could replaced the local plant starter culture.     

The effect of starter culture and annatto on the flavor and functionality of whey protein concentrate

The flavor of whey protein can carry over into ingredient applications and negatively influence consumer acceptance. Understanding sources of flavors in whey protein is crucial to minimize flavor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of annatto color and starter culture on the flavor and functionality of whey protein concentrate (WPC). Cheddar cheese whey with and without annatto (15 mL of annatto/454 kg of milk, annatto with 3% wt/vol norbixin content) was manufactured using a mesophilic lactic starter culture or by addition of lactic acid and rennet (rennet set). Pasteurized fat-separated whey was then ultrafiltered and spray dried into WPC. The experiment was replicated 4 times. Flavor of liquid wheys and WPC were evaluated by sensory and instrumental volatile analyses. In addition to flavor evaluations on WPC, color analysis (Hunter Lab and norbixin extraction) and functionality tests (solubility and heat stability) also were performed. Both main effects (annatto, starter) and interactions were investigated. No differences in sensory properties or functionality were observed among WPC. Lipid oxidation compounds were higher in WPC manufactured from whey with starter culture compared with WPC from rennet-set whey. The WPC with annatto had higher concentrations of p-xylene, diacetyl, pentanal, and decanal compared with WPC without annatto. Interactions were observed between starter and annatto for hexanal, suggesting that annatto may have an antioxidant effect when present in whey made with starter culture. Results suggest that annatto has a no effect on whey protein flavor, but that the starter culture has a large influence on the oxidative stability of whey.     

发酵香肠中的微生物发酵剂的研究发展

本文对发酵香肠中主要使用的微生物发酵剂的国内外研究进展进行了综述，其中重点介绍了微生物发酵剂的种类和作用，优良微生物发酵剂的筛选和构建，微生物菌种快速鉴定的新技术。最后对发酵香肠中的微生物发酵剂的发展趋势进行了展望。