真空液相烧结法制备三元硼化物硬质合金覆层材料

采用液相烧结法在钢基体表面制备三元硼化物硬质合金覆层,将三元硼化物硬质合金的优异性能赋予钢基体表面,获得了耐磨抗蚀、界面结合强度高的新型硬质覆层材料。同时确定了硬质合金覆层的化学配比(B、Fe、Mo元素成分的配比)和C、Cr、Ni合金元素的添加量。对硬质合金覆层的洛氏硬度的测量结果表明,覆层的硬度明显高于钢基体的硬度,其中5Cr2Ni0.8C材料试样的硬度最大;对硬质合金覆层以及覆层与钢基体的界面结合处的扫描电镜观察和能谱分析表明,铬加入后部分进入陶瓷硬质相,加强了其硬度,而镍元素只在铁基粘结相中存在,并且覆层与钢基体之间形成了致密的冶金结合。     

三元硼化物金属陶瓷覆层材料耐腐蚀性能研究

以Mo粉、FeB合金粉和Fe粉为基本原料，分别加入Cr、Ni、C或同时加入Cr、Ni、C合金元素成分，采用原位反应真空液相烧结工艺，在Q235钢基体上制备三元硼化物金属陶瓷覆层材料。研究了合金组分对覆层材料耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明，三元硼化物金属陶瓷覆层材料的覆层具有远比钢基体优越的耐蚀性，C组分的单独加入降低了覆层的耐蚀性，Cr、Ni组分的加入显著提高了覆层的耐蚀性，同时加入Cr、Ni、C作为合金组分使覆层具有最佳的耐蚀性。     

颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料界面及摩擦学特性

以机械破碎的废弃钨钴钛类硬质合金为增强颗粒,采用负压铸渗工艺制备颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料,通过金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析材料的显微结构和物相组成,利用销-盘式两体磨料磨损试验机研究该复合材料的耐磨性能,并将其与工程中常用的热处理态Cr20高铬铸铁材料进行对比.结果表明:由于在铸渗过程中增强颗粒的部分熔解以及W、C、Ti、Co、Fe、Cr等元素的互扩散,在界面处形成了含Fe、W、Co等元素的多种化合物,确保界面的冶金结合;该复合材料的耐磨性比热处理态Cr20高铬铸铁材料有显著提高,且当加载载荷从0.4 kg增大到2 kg时,复合材料的耐磨性表现得更为突出,相对耐磨性是热处理态高铬铸铁的3.5倍以上.     

20#钢表面镍基添Y2O3激光熔覆层及其高温磨损行为

采用激光熔覆法,在20#钢表面制备出添Y2O3的镍基合金粉末的熔覆涂层.分析了熔覆层的相组成、高温耐磨性能;观察了熔覆层显微形貌.结果表明:所制得的熔覆层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合.添加Y2O3的熔覆层硬度提高到基体的3.9倍,高温耐磨率仅是基体的1/4.熔覆层耐磨能力增强的主要原因是熔覆层与基体良好的冶金结合,镍基合金良好性能,组织细化以及硼化物、硼碳化物等析出相的强化作用.     

高锰钢铸渗SiC颗粒过程中粒子分解特性研究

分析了铁基体复合SiC陶瓷颗粒的前景,提出改善SiC在铁基中分解的新方法,并在实验室条件下,采用V-EPC法(真空负压实型铸造法)制备了SiCp/高锰钢基复合材料.通过金相分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段,研究了SiC颗粒铸渗高锰钢过程中SiC粒子的分解特征及粒子周围合金元素分...     

三元硼化物强化相粉末高速钢的研制

用反应硼化烧结法在1192℃下真空烧结,成功制备出高耐磨的粉末高速钢与三元硼化物陶瓷的复合材料。分析表明：材料主要是由三元硼化物基硬质相和高速钢基体组成,硬质颗粒与基体界面结合良好,分散均匀,摩擦磨损试验表明此种材料具有优异的耐磨性。     

真空吸铸法制备铝基空心陶瓷球泡沫材料的结构和性能

采用真空吸铸法制备了不同粒径的铝基空心陶瓷球泡沫材料。利用金相、扫描电镜观察、能谱分析和力学性能测试等手段对所制备复合材料的微观组织和性能进行了研究,结果表明:陶瓷球在铝基体中分布均匀,陶瓷球与基体之间未出现裂纹和缝隙,未出现明显的元素扩散的现象;不同粒径空心陶瓷球铝基复合材料的压缩应力-应变曲线的形状不尽相同;粒径小的陶瓷球铝基复合材料的压缩应力高于粒径大的复合材料。     

钛铝合金表面熔覆涂层的制备及组织特征

针对现有熔覆基体与熔覆层结合不紧密、工艺参数难以控制的缺陷,采用高功率连续CO2横流激光器及配套数控加工系统,实现了将Ni60B合金粉末均匀密实地熔覆在钛铝合金表面的方案。结合扫描电镜、金相分析、硬度测试等手段研究了输出功率、扫描速度对熔覆层组织和性能的影响。研究发现,基体材料与熔覆层之间存在明显的合金元素扩散现象,熔覆层与基体结合紧密;当激光功率为4.0 Kw,扫描速度为100 mm·min-1时,熔覆层的硬度达最高达HV 900以上。     

烧结温度对Mo_2FeB_2合金组织性能的影响

采用真空液相烧结法制备三元硼化物硬质合金,研究了烧结温度对三元硼化物硬质合金致密度、显微组织以及物相组成的影响.研究结果表明,三元硼化物硬质合金的密度和显微组织与烧结温度密切相关.当烧结温度较低时,合金中的硬质相晶粒发育不完全,且在粘结相中分布不均匀;烧结温度过高时,合金中的硬质相颗粒粗大,两者都会显著影响材料的性能.试样在1160～1210℃之间烧结时,随着烧结温度的不断增加,材料由固相烧结逐渐转化为液相烧结,试样的密度随着烧结温度的上升而逐渐增加,并确定试验最佳烧结温度为1210℃,此时材料的密度为8.23g/cm3,维氏硬度与洛氏硬度分别为8722.6N/mm2和75.3HRA,抗弯强度则达到1246.38MPa.通过对材料的显微组织与物相结构分析,阐述了该材料组织结构变化的原因.     

三元复合硼化物基新型硬质合金

反应硼化烧结法制备的三元复合硼化物基新型硬质合金,具有优良的物理、化学、力学性能.本文就反应硼化烧结法的理念,新型硬质合金的种类、性能和应用做综述.     

烧结熔覆钢表面镍基合金涂层的组织和性能

采用Ni25、Ni45、Ni60合金粉末通过烧结熔覆法在45钢表面制备出不同成分的镍基合金涂层。通过金相显微镜观察和X射线衍射分析等手段对合金涂层的组织形貌、相组成和界面结构进行研究,并对涂层显微硬度进行了测试。结果表明：通过烧结熔覆可以在45钢表面获得较为致密的镍基合金涂层。Ni25合金涂层组织主要为比较粗大的γ-(Ni, Fe)奥氏体以及少量的Cr₂₃C₆碳化物相;Ni45和Ni60合金涂层中除了γ-(Ni, Fe)奥氏体和Cr₂₃C₆碳化物之外,还出现了CrB硼化物。不同成分镍基合金涂层与45钢基体在界面处均形成了良好的冶金结合。当烧结温度1100℃、保温时间15 min时,涂层微观组织致密,硬质相颗粒尺寸较小,分布均匀。Ni60合金涂层的硬度最高,约为HV 735;Ni45合金涂层次之,约为HV 534;Ni25合金涂层硬度最低,只有HV 236。     

THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOME INTERNALLY OXIDIZED ALLOY POWDER COMPACTS

Abstract

The advantages of internally oxidized structures produced by powder-metallurgical techniques are briefly reviewed and discussed. A metallographic survey of the structures of some internally oxidized copper alloy and nickel alloy powder compacts is presented, and the effect of pressing and sintering variables upon the density and hardness of the product is established. Hot-hardness data up to 800°C, and also some tensile data up to 620°C, are presented for certain alloys.

It is concluded that although dispersion-hardened structures can be prepared by the pressing, sintering, and internal oxidation of appropriate alloy powders, and although the methods described offer a valid comparison of the properties of the various alloys studied, optimum mechanical properties are undoubtedly developed only after the powders are hot worked. The latter treatment densifies the product, removes any porosity in the structure, and increases the stored energy in the material.     

T10钢表面FeMoCoNiCrTix高熵合金熔覆层组织及性能

采用激光熔覆技术在T10A钢表面制备了FeMoCoNiCrTi_x（x分别为0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00）高熵合金熔覆层,分析了试样熔覆层及基体界面处的相结构及组织,并利用显微硬度计测试了试样处理前后的截面硬度变化。研究表明,经过激光熔覆在T10A钢表面得到的高熵合金层主要由NiCrFe、NiCrCoMo 2种固溶体为主,其结构分别为BCC结构和FCC结构,熔覆层的组织以柱状枝晶为主,界面处出现等轴晶;随着Ti含量增多,熔覆层由固溶强化变为固溶体与硬质相混合强化,熔覆层的HV硬度达到了792,热影响区的HV硬度达到了620,均高于基体硬度。同时耐磨损性能有了明显提高,磨损方式由粘着磨损逐渐变为磨粒磨损。      

Strengthening the Sintered Bronze Matrix of Materials for Tribological Purposes

The effect of hard inclusions and additional production treatment on the strength properties of a bronze-based antifriction material are studied. It is shown that introduction of hard inclusions into a bronze matrix and additional repeated compaction and sintering may improve strength properties substantially. It is established that the highest strength is exhibited by bronze containing powders of stainless steel and an alloy based on iron and cobalt. Additional production treatment (compaction and sintering) makes a marked change to the level of strength properties. If the main form of deformation is compression, the first additional cycle has a decisive effect on strength in compression and hardness; subsequent cycles hardly change the level of strength properties. If the main form of deformation is bending, tension, or fracture, each subsequent production treatment makes a marked contribution to the increase in strength in bending and impact strength.     

Reactive Boride Brazing on Low-Alloy Automotive Grade Steel

Brazing is a widely used process to improve the performance of steels used in automotive applications. The substrate material is often exposed to harsh conditions in these applications and may affect the service life of the component. Reactive boride brazing aims to improve the mechanical properties of the substrate material by forming a ceramic-metal composite coating in a single-step process in situ. In this study, sintered Ancor 4300 low-alloy steel is used as the substrate with chromium-rich braze and chromium-lean braze materials. The mechanical properties of the brazed samples were studied in detail using microindentation hardness measurements and the transverse rupture test. The results indicate that the brazed superlayer has a 10 times higher hardness. There was a significant improvement in the transverse rupture strength of the steel brazed with the chromium-rich boride as compared to the pure substrate material. In an effort to reduce processing time, green compacts of the substrate were also directly brazed and yielded favorable results.