管式聚合反应器温度分布的动态建模与广义PI控制

针对阳离子聚合反应器的温度分布建模与控制问题,提出了一种基于B样条神经网络的广义PI控制方法.首先采用B样条复合网络建立分布函数的动态和静态模型,并基于该模型,将分布函数的跟踪问题等效为动态权值向量的时间域跟踪问题.最后给出一种新型的广义PI控制方法,实现对给定温度分布的跟踪控制.同时,为了更好地抑制未知干扰、参数摄动以及模型不匹配等问题,模型权值状态、模型输出与实测温度分布所对应的权值误差都被引入到反馈控制回路,因此能够大大增强系统的鲁棒性与抗干扰能力.仿真结果表明该方法的可行性.     

精确估计下的多智能体系统漏斗复合控制

针对一类具有时变扰动的非线性多智能体系统, 研究其在有向拓扑下的一致性跟踪问题, 提出一种基于精 确估计的复合自适应预设有限时间(PFT)漏斗控制方法. 首先, 构建一种新的PFT漏斗控制, 使跟踪误差约束在PFT 漏斗边界内. 其次, 采用神经网络(NN)逼近系统的未知非线性, 并利用NN逼近信息设计扰动观测器, 建立基于NN和 扰动观测器的复合估计模型, 将得到的预测误差引入NN权值的复合更新律中, 实现对未知非线性和时变扰动的精 确估计. 然后, 利用动态面技术和误差补偿机制, 在解决传统反步法“计算爆炸”问题的同时, 消除滤波器误差对系 统的影响. 最后, 通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明闭环系统所有信号均为有界的, 并通过仿真实验验证控制方法的有 效性.     

基于脱策Q学习的辊道窑温度分散H∞控制方法

辊道窑烧结过程是电池正极材料制备工艺的关键,烧结温度的精准控制对提高材料性能、保证产品一致性至关重要.然而,烧结过程通常面临动态信息难以获取、不同温区温度耦合严重以及存在外界干扰等问题,给精准控制辊道窑温度带来了很大的困难.鉴于此,提出一种新的辊道窑温度分散H_∞控制方法.首先,构造一个有界函数来描述温度关联项对当前温区控制性能的最大影响,并根据该有界函数建立温区的极小化极大问题,可将辊道窑温度控制问题转化为更小规模的温区温度控制问题,通过求解所有温区的极小化极大问题的鞍点解得到辊道窑温度H_∞控制策略,实现分散控制;然后,采用一种脱策Q学习算法学习各温区极小化极大问题的鞍点解,获得辊道窑关联系统的温度分散H_∞控制器;最后,基于实际窑炉温度数据进行仿真实验,实验结果表明在干扰存在的情况下,所设计控制器仍然能够精准控制辊道窑温度稳定在设定值上.     

基于切换机制的多模型自适应混合控制

针对多模型自适应混合控制的性能依赖系统参数估计误差大小的缺点,本文提出了基于切换机制的多模型自适应混合控制.首先对被控系统进行辨识,然后根据参数估计值进行判断.当参数估计值不在最优参数集内时,实行切换策略,重置参数估计值到最优参数集内,用以减小暂态误差,提高暂态性能;当参数估计值在最优参数集内时,实行混合控制,用以平滑过渡过程.文中给出了系统的稳定性和收敛性的证明,最后的仿真实验结果验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

失配参数在线矫正的永磁同步电机预测电流控制

针对永磁同步电机预测电流控制模型参数失配引起的系统性能下降问题,提出一种基于内模控制观测器的应对策略来矫正模型参数.首先,根据旋转坐标系下的永磁同步电机动态模型,设计了d, q轴电流内模控制观测器并进行稳定性推导证明,观测器可以无静差估计d, q轴电流变化率,进而在线估计电机参数;然后,由卡尔曼滤波减弱参数噪声得到最优参数估计,阈值化处理最优参数估计后在线更新失配参数.最后,在稳态和调速阶段两种不同工况中,将所提策略应用于参数失配的永磁同步电机三矢量预测电流控制;实验结果表明,与同类方法相比,所提策略能在线矫正失配参数,在改善电流波动系数及总谐波畸变率方面表现更好.     

基于滤波器的浸入与不变自适应控制

针对机电伺服系统存在参数不确定、未建模动态及时变扰动这一问题,提出一种基于滤波器的浸入与不变自适应算法,该算法能够准确估计伺服系统中的未知参数.首先,构造系统状态及回归函数的滤波器,再根据滤波后的辅助变量构造参数估计器;然后,依据浸入与不变理论设计参数估计器中的辅助函数,从而保证参数估计误差的收敛性.此外,为了进一步降低集总扰动对系统闭环性能的影响,提出一种扰动观测器,这种扰动观测器结构简单,并且能保证估计误差的渐近稳定,从而有效地补偿系统中的未建模动态和外部扰动.最后,利用Lyapunov理论分别证明了参数估计器、扰动观测器及闭环系统的稳定性,仿真与实验结果验证了所提出的自适应方法及扰动观测器的有效性.     

再入飞行器带有干扰观测器的有限时间控制

针对模型参数不确定及外界干扰影响下的再入飞行器的姿态控制问题,设计基于干扰观测器的有限时间控制策略.首先建立面向控制模型,并通过多时间尺度原理将面向控制模型分为内、外两环;其次,设计干扰观测器实时观测面向控制模型中的参数不确定及外界干扰,解决滑模控制因参数过大而导致的抖振问题,基于观测值,设计终端滑模控制器,在此基础上,基于Lyapunov理论对控制系统的稳定性进行分析;最后,基于六自由度再入模型,验证所设计的有限时间姿态控制策略的有效性.     

四旋翼无人机不匹配扰动抗干扰控制

针对四旋翼无人机存在的不匹配干扰和执行器故障等现象,提出了一种基于有限时间观测器的飞行控制方案。从无人机的运动学模型出发,构建了受执行器故障和不匹配干扰影响的控制模型。将干扰观测器与非奇异终端滑模控制 (NTSMC) 方法相结合,以实现复合抗干扰和容错控制器设计。首先,设计了两个非线性有限时间扰动观测器来估计不匹配扰动和执行器故障,有限时间观测器使得估计误差在有限时间内收敛到零。其次,将观测器与NTSMC控制方法结合,以在有限的时间内实现跟踪,并有效地减少抖振。最后,从理论和仿真验证了控制方法的有效性和所期望的控制性能。     

基于等价输入干扰补偿的改进型重复控制系统参数优化设计

针对一类同时具有周期性参考输入和非周期扰动的伺服系统,提出基于等价输入干扰补偿的改进型重复控制系统参数优化设计方法,实现对非周期扰动的有效抑制和周期性参考输入的高精度跟踪控制.首先,利用全维状态观测器的估计误差构造等价输入干扰估计器,通过将等价输入干扰估计值反馈到控制输入端,建立基于等价输入干扰补偿的复合重复控制规律.然后,基于小增益定理推导出系统的稳定性条件,引入一个对系统抗扰性能、跟踪性能和收敛速度进行整体评价的性能目标函数,建立系统参数优化模型,采用粒子群优化算法,实现对系统重复控制器参数、等价输入干扰估计器参数和状态反馈控制器参数的同时优化.最后,通过数值仿真分析对比说明所提方法的有效性和优越性.     

设计高阶PI观测器对线性系统故障作鲁棒检测

针对具有干扰的线性定常系统,研究了基于高阶PI观测器的鲁棒故障检测设计问题.基于Sylvester矩阵方程的参数化解,给出了干扰与残差解耦的充要条件,并提出了基于高阶PI观测器的线性系统鲁棒故障检测参数化设计方法.数值算例及仿真分析表明所提鲁棒故障检测参数化设计方法是有效的.     

Neural-Network-Based Control for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems with Input Saturation Under Stochastic Communication Protocol

In this paper,an adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)strategy is investigated for discrete-time nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics subject to input saturation.To save the communication resources between the controller and the actuators,stochastic communication protocols(SCPs)are adopted to schedule the control signal,and therefore the closed-loop system is essentially a protocol-induced switching system.A neural network(NN)-based identifier with a robust term is exploited for approximating the unknown nonlinear system,and a set of switch-based updating rules with an additional tunable parameter of NN weights are developed with the help of the gradient descent.By virtue of a novel Lyapunov function,a sufficient condition is proposed to achieve the stability of both system identification errors and the update dynamics of NN weights.Then,a value iterative ADP algorithm in an offline way is proposed to solve the optimal control of protocol-induced switching systems with saturation constraints,and the convergence is profoundly discussed in light of mathematical induction.Furthermore,an actor-critic NN scheme is developed to approximate the control law and the proposed performance index function in the framework of ADP,and the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed in view of the Lyapunov theory.Finally,the numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

动态规划最优控制在非线性系统中的应用

应用一种新的自适应动态最优化方法(ADP),在线实现对非线性连续系统的最优控制。首先应用汉密尔顿函数（Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, HJB）求解系统的最优控制,并应用神经网络BP算法对汉密尔顿函数中的性能指标进行估计,进而得到非线性连续系统的最优控制。同时引进一种新的自适应算法,基于参数误差,在线实现对系统进行动态最优求解,而且通过李亚普诺夫方法对参数收敛情况也进行详细的分析。最后,用仿真结果来验证所提出的方法的可行性。     

Online adaptive optimal control for continuous-time nonlinear systems with completely unknown dynamics

An online adaptive optimal control is proposed for continuous-time nonlinear systems with completely unknown dynamics, which is achieved by developing a novel identifier-critic-based approximate dynamic programming algorithm with a dual neural network (NN) approximation structure. First, an adaptive NN identifier is designed to obviate the requirement of complete knowledge of system dynamics, and a critic NN is employed to approximate the optimal value function. Then, the optimal control law is computed based on the information from the identifier NN and the critic NN, so that the actor NN is not needed. In particular, a novel adaptive law design method with the parameter estimation error is proposed to online update the weights of both identifier NN and critic NN simultaneously, which converge to small neighbourhoods around their ideal values. The closed-loop system stability and the convergence to small vicinity around the optimal solution are all proved by means of the Lyapunov theory. The proposed adaptation algorithm is also improved to achieve finite-time convergence of the NN weights. Finally, simulation results are provided to exemplify the efficacy of the proposed methods.     

基于神经网络观测器的飞行器传感器故障检测

为了避免传感器故障对飞控系统的影响,实现传感器故障的快速检测与隔离,提出了一种基于神经网络观测器(NNOB)的传感器故障检测方法。在建立四旋翼飞行器姿态故障模型的基础上,利用非线性观测器得到的期望输出和传感器测量值设计基于神经网络(NN)的传感器故障观测器,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)更新神经网络的权值参数,通过Lyapunov理论证明权值参数更新的收敛性,最终构建出一种基于神经网络观测器的传感器故障检测系统。数值仿真实验结果表明,与现有神经网络故障检测方法相比,所提方法具有更高的故障检出率与更好的跟踪性能。     

非线性严格反馈系统自适应非反步输出反馈控制

针对传统反步控制器设计方法存在复杂度爆炸、参数收敛难、控制奇异、需全系统状态已知等问题,提出一种新的可保证参数收敛的未知系统动态辨识和非反步输出反馈自适应控制方法.首先,通过定义新的状态变量和系统等价变换,将严格反馈系统状态反馈控制转化为标准系统的输出反馈控制,进而设计包含高阶微分器的自适应单步控制器,避免反步递推设计的问题;然后,采用两个神经网络对系统集总未知动态进行估计,避免传统控制方法在未知控制增益在线估计过零引发的奇异问题;最后,构造一种新的自适应算法在线更新神经网络权值确保其收敛到真实值,进而实现对未知系统动态的精准辨识.基于Lyapunov定理的分析表明,跟踪误差和估计误差均可收敛到零点附近紧集.基于液压伺服系统模型的对比仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性和优越性.     

Adaptive observers for unknown general nonlinear systems

Several neural network (NN) models have been applied successfully for modeling complex nonlinear dynamical systems. However, the stable adaptive state estimation of an unknown general nonlinear system from its input and output measurements is an unresolved problem. This paper addresses the nonlinear adaptive observer design for unknown general nonlinear systems. Only mild assumptions on the system are imposed: output equation is at least C(1) and existence and uniqueness of solution for the state equation. The proposed observer uses linearly parameterized neural networks (LPNNs) whose weights are adaptively adjusted, and Lyapunov theory is used in order to guarantee stability for state estimation and NN weight errors. No strictly positive real (SPR) assumption on the output error equation is required for the construction of the proposed observer.     

未知饱和控制系统有穷域最优控制

针对带有饱和执行器且局部未知的非线性连续系统的有穷域最优控制问题,设计了一种基于自适应动态规划(ADP)的在线积分增强学习算法,并给出算法的收敛性证明.首先,引入非二次型函数处理控制饱和问题.其次,设计一种由常量权重和时变激活函数构成的单一网络,来逼近未知连续的值函数,与传统双网络相比减少了计算量.同时,综合考虑神经网络产生的残差和终端误差,应用最小二乘法更新神经网络权重,并且给出基于神经网络的迭代值函数收敛到最优值的收敛性证明.最后,通过两个仿真例子验证了算法的有效性.     

Eigenspectrum-based extended Luenberger observers for a class of distributed parameter systems

State estimation is an important problem in distributed parameter system especially with nonlinear dynamics in industrial process. An extended Luenberger observer based on the eigen-spectrum of the system operator is developed in this paper to handle this problem. The distributed parameter system is projected into a finite-dimensional subspace where a low-order ordinary differential equation describing the dominant dynamics of the system is derived. A Luenberger observer extended with a nonlinear part is developed based on that dominant dynamics. A sufficient condition is given in this paper for the convergence of the estimated error. Finally, by applying the developed design method to the temperature estimation of a catalytic rod, the achieved simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed observer.     

Composite Adaptive Control of Uncertain Euler‐Lagrange Systems with Parameter Convergence without PE Condition

This work proposes a novel composite adaptive controller for uncertain Euler‐Lagrange (EL) systems. The composite adaptive law is strategically designed to be proportional to the parameter estimation error in addition to the tracking error, leading to parameter convergence. Unlike conventional adaptive control laws which require the regressor function to be persistently exciting (PE) for parameter convergence, the proposed method guarantees parameter convergence from a milder initially exciting (IE) condition on the regressor. The IE condition is significantly less restrictive than PE, since it does not rely on the future values of the signal and that it can be verified online. The proposed adaptive controller ensures exponential convergence of the tracking and the parameter estimation errors to zero once the sufficient IE condition is met. Simulation results corroborate the efficacy of the proposed technique and also establishes it's robustness property in the presence of unmodeled bounded disturbance.     

Intelligent adaptive observer-based optimal control of overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator

In cold season, wet snow ice accretion on overhead transmission lines increases wind load effects which in turn increases line tension. This increased line tension causes undesirable effects in power systems. This paper discusses the design of an observer-based boundary sliding mode control (BSMC) for 3 DOF overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator (OTDIRM). A robust radial basis functional neural network (RBFNN) observer-based neural network (NN) controller is developed for the motion control of OTDIRM, which is a combination of BSMC, NN approximation and adaptation law. The RBFNN-based adaptive observer is designed to estimate the positions and velocities. The weights of both NN observer and NN approximator are tuned off-line using particle swarm optimization. Using Lyapunov analysis the closed loop tracking error was verified for a 3 DOF OTDIRM. Finally, the robustness of the proposed neural network-based adaptive observer boundary sliding mode control (NNAOBSMC) was verified against the input disturbances and uncertainties.