提高钢铁常温发黑结合力与耐蚀性的探讨

通过研究试验把钢铁常温发黑剂与室温快速磷化液有机的组合起来,配制成一种新的溶液－常温发黑、磷化液。然后再进行中温磷化增厚磷化膜得到一种 钢铁装饰防护膜－常温发黑、磷化膜。这种双层保护膜,既有常温发黑膜美丽的黑色外观,又有磷化膜细致的结晶、牢固的结合力及良好的耐磨、耐蚀等性能,尤其是显著提高了耐蚀性能。     

常温磷化膜的性能及表面形貌研究

在常温磷化膜的研制过程中，用４Ｘ型显微镜对各种膜层进行了组织形貌的观察和研究。结果表明，通常有八种因素影响常温磷化膜的形成、外观、膜重以及耐蚀性等。通过对膜层性能及形貌研究得知，对常温磷化处理工艺进行优化，可使覆膜质量明显提高。     

常温铁系磷化工艺研究

对常温铁系磷化液进行了研究,通过正交试验和综合评定法确定了一种常温磷化液的介质组成及相应的工艺参数,同时讨论了时间、温度和促进剂等因素对磷化膜质量的影响。结果表明,此磷化液在常温下,8~20min即可在热轧钢上生成一层均匀、致密、耐蚀性良好的磷化膜。     

钢铁常温复合镀层发黑的研究

对先常温磷化再常温发黑的复合层发黑工艺进行了研究.结果表明,在铁系磷化膜的基础上,不仅可以直接进行常温发黑,而且得到的复合发黑层,其外观颜色与钢铁常温单层发黑的外观没有区别,而复合发黑层的附着力有明显的提高,其耐蚀性亦有提高.     

环保型常温磷化液的研制

通过正交试验和综合评定法,确定了一种不含重金属盐和亚硝酸盐的环保型常温磷化液的介质组成及相应的工艺参数,检测分析了磷化膜的外观、膜重和耐蚀性能.常温条件下在某浸渍生产线上使用,该磷化液能够形成合格的磷化膜.     

常温快速磷化剂的研究

研制了一种锌系常温快速磷化液,考察了复合促进剂所含物质对磷化液磷化效果的影响,同时讨论了如何提高磷化成膜速度和磷化膜的耐蚀性等问题,并指出了工艺上的改进.     

磷化后免水洗的钡盐改性常温锌系磷化技术研究

Q235钢试片在由磷酸、氧化锌、硝酸钡、钼酸铵等组成的钡盐改性锌系磷化液中常温快速磷化后,自然干燥3h,生成了连续、致密的钡改性锌系磷化膜。对膜层的形貌和组成进行了分析,测定了磷化膜的膜质量、耐蚀性等。结果表明:在锌系磷化液中添加硝酸钡改性,适宜的Ba2+质量浓度为0.6g/L,可改善磷化膜的微观形貌和耐蚀性能;钡盐改性锌系磷化膜连续、致密,充满了1～2μm的磷化膜晶体,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后,涂层附着力达1级。     

中温锌一钙系黑磷化膜的制备与性能研究

为了改善锌-钙系黑色磷化膜的外观和性能,探讨了配方与工艺,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察磷化膜表面微观形貌,X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析磷化膜成分,测试了膜层厚度、附着强度、耐磨性和耐蚀性能.结果表明:采用硝酸铜作发黑剂,Na2MoO4为氧化促进剂,经过硝酸铋预浸处理能够获得深黑色、防护性能良好的磷化膜.CaO的含量增加能改变膜表面晶体形貌,当氧化钙含量为30g/L时,晶体粒径明显减小,膜层中锌、钙元素含量增加,使耐磨性能和耐蚀性能提高.     

新型常温喷淋磷化液的研制

介绍了一种新型常温喷淋磷化液。喷淋温度15—35℃,喷淋时间3分钟,磷化膜厚度和重量分别达到2μm和1.7g/m~2以上。磷化膜结晶致密,外观呈均匀一致的灰色。详细陈述磷化工艺流程和工艺条件,给出性能试验结果。常温喷淋磷化液用于黑色金属涂漆前预处理,可明显提高漆膜附着力和整件耐蚀性,适用于合金钢和普通碳钢制品的磷化、涂漆生产线。     

钢铁件工序间除锈防锈液的研制

针对锈蚀钢铁件研制开发出了一种常温快速除锈、防锈液,将除锈、防锈、磷化、钝化合为一体,在锈蚀钢铁表面形成一层转化膜.经过性能测试,该除锈防锈液具有优良的耐蚀性,有很高的推广价值.     

磷酸盐无机涂料及其研究进展

磷酸盐涂料是在磷酸盐粘结剂中添加金属及金属氧化物骨料而形成的一种水性无机涂料。由于磷酸盐涂料固化后所形成的涂层具有机械强度高、防护性能好以及与基体附着力高等优点,已广泛应用于航天、航海以及汽车等工业领域。相比于金属涂层和有机涂层,磷酸盐涂料因其独特的优势而日益受到越来越多的关注。介绍了磷酸盐无机涂料及其组成,并综述了其在腐蚀防护、耐磨减摩、耐高温隔热等领域的应用。首先,详细阐述了粘结剂、固化剂、骨料等组分在涂料中的作用,同时对各组分的研究进展进行了论述。随后,报道了国内外有关的磷酸盐涂料固化成膜理论,分析了磷酸盐在高温和常温条件下的成膜机制。然后,针对磷酸盐涂料所存在的固化温度高、脆性大、韧性差、表面易存在缺陷等不足,总结了有机溶剂、缓凝剂、硅溶胶、石墨烯等对磷酸盐涂料的改性研究。最后,展望了磷酸盐涂料的发展趋势,指出常温易固化涂料配方的开发以及发展有机-无机复合涂层将会是今后研究的重点。     

Effect of Ni–P and Phosphate Intermediate Layers on Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Coating Developed by Sol-Gel Method

Sol–gel method was used for applying of alumina coating on carbon steel substrate. Alumina sol was prepared with Al-isopropoxide as a precursor material. Specimens were coated with prepared alumina sol by dip coating technique. Either a film of Ni–P or phosphated intermediate layer has been pre-deposited on the carbon steel substrate by electroless plating to improve the adherence of alumina coating. The corrosion resistance of coatings in the presence of intermediate layers was evaluated by electrochemical measurement in 3.5% NaCl solution by open-circuit potential measurement at room temperature. The abrasive wear behavior of sol–gel coated specimens was measured in high stress conditions. The results indicate that, after applying an intermediate layer of phosphate or Ni–P by electroless plating technique, the wear and corrosion resistance of alumina coating have been improved. Moreover, the phosphate intermediate layer has been associated with a higher corrosion resistance, while the intermediate layer of Ni–P is more effective to improve the hardness and wear resistance of alumina coating.     

激光熔覆Cu包SiCp/Ni35覆层组织及磨损性能

目的研究Cu包SiC_p/Ni35激光熔覆层的显微组织、物相及其在25℃和600℃下的摩擦机理。方法采用化学镀的方法在SiC_p表面包覆一层Cu,并用激光熔覆的方法在H13钢表面制备了Cu包SiC_p增强Ni35熔覆层。用XRD、OM、SEM和EDS对熔覆层的物相、组织和成分进行了分析,用显微硬度计测试了熔覆层的显微硬度,用高温磨损试验机测试了熔覆层在常温、高温下的耐磨性能。结果熔覆层由基相γ-Ni(Fe)固溶体、增强相M7C3以及硼化物、硅化物和石墨构成。熔覆层的显微硬度和常温摩擦性能较H13钢显著提高,而其高温摩擦性能较H13钢基体提高较少。结论 SiC_p化学包覆Cu能减缓激光熔覆过程中SiC_p的分解,但分解速度还是过快。常温磨损时,高硬度碳化物和硅化物的覆层提高了材料的耐磨性能。高温下模具钢表面形成致密的氧化物薄膜,起到减磨降摩的作用,而高温下覆层无法形成致密氧化膜,导致其耐磨性能弱于常温。     

脉冲高能量密度等离子体沉积氮化钛膜的结合强度

本文用脉冲高能量密度等离子体技术，在室温条件下，成功地在ＧＣｒ１５钢表面沉积了性能良好的氮化钛薄膜。用自动划痕试验仪测量了氮化钛薄膜的结合强度。研究结果表明：表征薄膜结合强度的临界载荷有相当高的值；氮化钛薄膜的临界载荷随脉冲轰击次数、内外电极的电压变化而变化。对沉积膜结合强度的这些变化给予了理论上的解释与讨论。     

低活化钢双壁管的热等静压扩散连接

双壁管可控制裂纹扩展路径,防止裂纹沿管径向扩展,显著提高了管的使用安全性,被认为是聚变堆包层增殖区冷却管的理想选择.针对双壁管复合焊接难题,从钢/铜/钢和钢/镍/钢平板复合结构开展了工艺优化试验.?结果表明,热等静压温度高于1100?℃时,钢/铜/钢复合界面处发生晶界扩散,焊接接头室温抗拉强度达601?MPa,界面纳米...     

冷轧IF钢板表面状态对磷化膜质量的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试等方法研究了冷轧IF钢板表面状态对其磷化膜质量的影响。结果表明:表面夹杂物及析出相对冷轧IF钢板表面磷化膜具有明显影响;通过铸坯机清处理以及降低板坯加热温度,可降低冷轧IF钢板表面夹杂物及析出相含量,有效控制有害元素在表面的富集,有利于提高钢板表面均匀性,控制冷轧板材表面活性,从而改善磷化膜质量,并提高磷化膜致密性及耐蚀性。     

常温铁系磷化液

通过正交试验优化后确定了一种常温铁系磷化液的最佳配方:11 ml/L磷酸(85%),15.5 g/L磷酸氢二铵,2.5 g/L硝酸镍,2 g/L柠檬酸,2.5 g/L钼酸铵,1 g/L氟化钠,1 ml/L OP乳化剂.试验结果表明,该磷化液具有组成简单,成本低,污染小,沉渣少,且膜致密均匀,耐腐蚀性强等特点.     

铸钢湿型砂醇基喷涂涂料的研制和应用

对铸钢湿型砂醇基涂料进行了试验研究,得到一种合适的涂料配方。实际应用表明,本涂料喷涂后成膜性能好,不开裂、不起皮,常温和高温强度高,高温抗裂性好,发气量低。采用该涂料喷涂铸型并浇注铸钢摇枕和侧架,铸件无粘砂现象且表面光洁。     

锈蚀输电铁塔涂装体系耐蚀性

采用磷化技术处理锈蚀输电铁塔,并在此基础上设计出与磷化液配套的防腐蚀涂装体系。试验结果表明,使用磷化技术处理锈蚀铁塔时,磷化液在锈蚀金属表面形成致密磷酸盐膜,清洗、锈层转化、锌层磷化以及表面调整可以一步完成;配制的涂装体系中,以有机涂料为底漆的涂装体系与磷化液配套使用机械性能与耐蚀性能良好。     

Characterisation of phosphate coatings obtained using nitric acid free phosphate solution on three steel substrates: An option to simulate TMT rebars surfaces

Phosphate coatings have been obtained on three steel substrates, (a) ferritic-pearlitic (F-P), (b) tempered martensitic (T-M) and (c) tempered martensitic containing oxide scale (T-M-O) at the top to simulate TMT (thermo mechanical treatment) rebar surfaces which are extensively used for composite concrete structure. Nitric acid free phosphate solution was used for the coating purpose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterise phosphate coatings. Acicular phosphate microstructure was obtained on T-M-O and T-M steel substrates, whereas coarser phosphate microstructure was obtained on F-P steel substrate. Thinner to thicker coatings were obtained on F-P, T-M and T-M-O steel substrates respectively. Oxide scale, on the T-M-O steel substrate promoted for deposition of phosphate compounds and thereby obtained thickest coating on T-M-O steel substrate. Zinc phosphate (hopeite) on T-M-O steel substrate and zinc phosphate (spencerite) on F-P steel substrate were detected as main phosphate respectively, whereas both zinc phosphates (hopeite and speccerite) on T-M steel substrate were detected in the same proportion. In addition to zinc phosphate, zinc iron phosphate (phosphophyllite) was detected on F-P and T-M steel substrates, whereas iron phosphate (beraunite) was detected on T-M-O steel substrate. A comparative performance against corrosion of all the phosphate coated steel substrates was evaluated by salt spray, Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Test for extended exposure in open atmosphere as well as simulated highly humid condition were also conducted to identify coating performance. Phosphate coated T-M-O steel substrate showed 4-5 times improved resistance against corrosion than the phosphate coated F-P steel substrate. The bond strength of coated steel substrate with concrete was increased 2-26% for phosphate coating on T-M-O and T-M steel substrates while the same was decreased 4-12% for phosphate coating on F-P steel substrate.