叶片倾斜对叶栅出口流场的影响

通过吹风实验,探讨了在不同径高比和外壁面扩张角的汽轮机环形静叶栅中叶片倾斜对叶栅出口流场的影响.实验结果表明:采用最佳倾斜角叶片能降低叶栅能量损失和改善叶栅出口流场的气动性能.图9参10     

低速环形压气机静叶栅采用弯叶片壁面分离流结构的数值分析

使用拓扑结构分析方法对某型压气机静叶栅的直叶片与弯叶片数值计算，对壁面分离流结构进行了分析研究，发现弯叶片对壁面流线拓扑结构和分离流结构影响明显。给出了直叶栅吸力面，下端壁角区流场的拓扑结构，并证明数值计算结果的奇点总数满足环形叶栅壁面（包括叶片表面和上、下端壁表面）拓扑准则。图10参4     

叶片前缘波纹形气膜孔不同参数冷却特性研究

为了解决涡轮叶片前缘的冷却问题,提出结构简单的波纹形气膜孔的概念。对影响孔冷却特性的4个重要参数(吹风比、倾斜角、扩展角和后倾角),采用4因素4水平下的田口方法进行优化,并采用数值计算的方法将其冷却效率与参考孔型(圆柱形气膜孔)进行对比。其中,固定前缘孔间距30 mm,斜向倾角23°,并与试验保持一致。结果表明：吹风比为1、倾斜角为30°、扩展角为20°和后倾角为0°的波纹形气膜孔结构,壁面平均冷却效率达到0.36,冷却效果最佳;同时,随着吹风比的增大,该气膜孔结构前缘壁面平均冷却效率增长趋势明显,且在吹风比为2时冷却气流依旧具有良好的贴壁性能,壁面平均冷却效率超过圆柱形气膜孔82.96%。     

超临界汽轮机调节级导叶栅内的压力场

采用大尺度扇形叶栅作为实验模型,通过低速风洞实验研究了调节级导叶栅内的压力场.为此,在叶片表面测量了7个相对叶高静压系数沿叶型的分布,并采用墨迹显示技术,显示了叶栅壁面(包括叶片表面和上下端)的极限流线谱.实验结果表明,该叶片的叶型损失低于国内外同类叶栅.     

低转折角叶片弯曲作用的实验研究

在低速平面叶栅风洞上,对具有不同正弯曲角叶片的透平矩形静叶栅进行了吹风实验.叶栅展弦比h/b=0.68,叶片转折角θ=71°.分析了叶片正弯曲对叶栅气动特性的改善作用及减小端部损失的机理.讨论了冲角、叶片弯曲角和出口条件对叶片正弯曲作用的影响.图9参7     

具有后部加载叶型的环形静叶栅的旋涡结构

为了详细研究具有后部加载叶型的环形静叶栅的流场结构，在环形叶栅低速风洞上对具有后部加载叶型的环形弯曲叶片静叶栅上、下端壁以及叶片型面进行了墨迹显示实验，同时应用拓扑学原理分析了叶栅的壁面流谱，并据此分析提出了本实验叶栅的二次流动的拓扑示意图。     

表面粗糙度对压气机叶栅流动特性的影响

在低速平面叶栅风洞中,实验研究了表面粗糙度对高负荷压气机流动特性的影响,并对叶片吸力面不同位置布置的表面粗糙度进行了对比分析。通过墨迹流场显示法对叶栅壁面流场进行了测量,利用五孔气动探针对叶栅出口截面进行了扫掠,给出了不同方案出口截面马赫数、二次流速度矢量的分布以及叶栅的流场特征,以分析和探讨表面粗糙度对叶栅流动特性的影响。结果表明,吸力面局部表面粗糙度的增加使得角区分离范围减小;且随着粗糙带向尾缘移动,角区分离范围的减小程度也逐渐增加。     

采用倾斜叶片减小环形叶栅及其下游流损失的实验研究

本文通过小径高比透平环形静叶栅的吹风实验证明:在内、外壁为圆柱面的叶栅中,采用正倾斜叶片,既能将流道根部附面层“吸入”主流区,消除径向二次流,显著降低叶栅内的能量损失,又能控制下游流的分离,减小掺混损失,明显改善下游流的流动特性。     

弯叶片降低损失机理的实验研究

通过三类低展弦比涡轮叶栅气参数的详细测量与壁面（包括上、下端壁与叶片表面）流动显示,研究了叶片弯曲降低能量损失的机理。实验结果表明：在不叶栅几何参数下,叶片弯曲形式的选择取决于叶栅内涡量场与长量场的适量匹配。     

大小叶片扩压叶栅气动性能与流动结构实验研究

针对45°叶型转折角扩压叶栅及增加小叶片后组成的大小叶片叶栅,分别测量了其在设计工况及不同气流攻角下的叶栅气动性能,通过PIV实验获得了对应工况下的叶栅内部流动状态.结果表明：增加小叶片后,叶片压力面至吸力面的压力梯度明显降低,大叶片载荷降低;在设计工况下,叶栅气流落后角仍可参考霍威尔半经验公式进行计算,但偏离设计工况后,该公式存在较大误差;大小叶片叶栅的气流落后角仅在小气流攻角下明显减小,在其余工况下变化不大;不同气流攻角下小叶片对大叶片表面气流流动分离起到约束作用;在设计工况至大气流攻角工况变化过程中,叶栅扩压损失有所降低.     

可变叶片安装角立轴风力机的转动力矩计算

为提高市轴风力机的效率,对可变叶片安装角的立轴风力机进行了分析,根据机翼升力与阻力的理论,在固定来流风速和旋转速度下计算了叶片在每个方位角上产生力矩最大的最佳安装角的变化规律,为了更好的运行,对最佳安装角的变化规律进行了一定修改.计算比较了固定安装角度的叶片与可变安装角度的叶片旋转一周产生的力矩,结果表明叶片在最佳安装角下运行时,每一转的正力矩都有明显增大,平均力矩町提高14倍.多个叶片在最佳安装角下运行时的力矩变化较平稳.可变叶片安装角立轴风力机是一种有发展前途的动力设备.     

基于叶片变形偏航下风力机叶片绕流流场的研究

针对偏航工况下风力机叶片与流场之间的相互作用而产生的变形影响叶片绕流流场问题,基于叶片变形对不同偏航工况下水平轴风力机叶片绕流流场进行双向流固耦合数值计算,分析偏航工况对风力机叶片变形和表面应力的影响,在此基础上研究不同偏航工况对叶片绕流流场的影响.结果表明,不同叶片上的变形和应力呈现不均匀性,且随偏航角增大,不均匀性...     

Numerical and performance analysis of one row transonic rotor with sweep and lean angle

In this study,aerodynamic behaviors of swept and leaned blades were investigated.Axial and tangential blade curvatures impacts on compressor＇s operating parameters were analyzed separately.A commercial CFD program which solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations was used to find out the mentioned impact and the complicated flow field of transonic compressor-rotors.The CFD method that was used for solving flow field＇s equation was validated by experimental data of NASA Rotor 67.The results showed that the compressor with curved rotors had higher efficiency,rotor pressure ratio and stable operating range compared to the compressor with un-curved rotors.Using curved rotors mostly had higher impact on the overall stable operating range compared to the other operating parameters.Operating range involves choking point and stall point that were changed separately by using of bended blade.For finding the detailed impact of sweep and lean angle on transonic blades,various forms of lean and sweep angles were exerted to basic rotor.It was found that sweep angles increased overall operating range up to 30%,efficiency up to 2%and pressure ratio up to 1%.Leaning the blades increased the safe operating range,the pressure ratio and efficiency by 14%,4%and 2%respectively.     

某型涡轮动叶气动性能的实验研究

在环形涡轮叶栅低速风洞上,对原型和改型两套动叶栅进行了不同冲角下的吹风实验。应用五孔探针与设置在叶片表面上的静压测孔,分别测量了叶栅出口横截面的气动参数沿节距与叶高的分布以及根、中、顶3个廻转面内静压系数沿叶型的分布。实验结果表明:与原型动叶比较,改型动叶总损失在-10°、-5°、0°、5°和10°5个进气冲角条件下分别降低了6.17%、4.73%、13.53%、19.34%和21.7%,而且具有良好的冲角适应特性。     

Aerodynamic performance of bowed compressor cascades with different camber angles

The effects of a positively bowed blade on the aerodynamic performance of annular compressor cascades with different camber angles were experimentally investigated. The distributions of the exit total pressure loss and secondary flow vectors of the compressor cascades were analyzed. The static pressure was measured by tapping on the cascade surfaces, and the ink-trace flow visualizations were conducted. The results show that the value of the optimum bowed angle and optimum bowed height decrease because of the increased losses at the mid-span with the increase of the camber angle. The C-shape static pressure distribution along the radial direction exists on the suction surface of the straight cascade with larger camber angles. When bowed blade is applied, the larger bowed angle and larger bowed height will further enhance the accumulation of the low-energy fluid at the mid-span, thus causing the flow behavior to deteriorate. Under 60° camber angle, flow behavior near the end-wall region of some bowed cascades even deteriorates instead of improving because the blockage of the separated flow near the mid-span keeps the low-energy fluid near the end-walls from moving towards the mid-span region. As a result, a rapid augmentation of the total loss can easily take place under a large bowed angle.     

Modeling and numerical investigation of the inlet circumferential fluctuations of swept and bowed blades

The circumferential fluctuation (CF) source terms induced by the inviscid blade force can affect the inlet distribution of flow parameters and radial equilibrium of swept and bowed blades. However, these phenomena cannot be adequately described by throughflow methods based on the axisymmetric assumption. A transport model for the CF stresses is proposed and correlated to the distribution of circulation to reflect the effect of the inviscid blade force. To investigate the effect of the inlet CFs on swept and bowed blades, the model is integrated into a throughflow model and applied to a series of cascades with different sweep and bow angles. For swept cascades, the CF source terms change the distributions of incidence angles, as well as the radial equilibrium at the inlet of the blade passage. And the influence is enhanced as the absolute value of the sweep angle increases. For bowed cascades, the distributions of incidence angles are also altered. For both cases, the model can offer a good prediction of the inlet CF source terms, and prove to exert a better prediction of blade design key parameters such as flow angles.     

基于弯曲叶片的氦气轴流压气机优化设计

针对高负荷氦气压气机中角区分离、叶顶泄漏严重带来的效率损失问题,以单级氦气压缩机为研究对象,利用CFD方法,分析了不同弯曲角度下氦气压气机内部的角区损失和叶顶泄漏损失,并优化了现有五级轴流氦气压气机。结果表明：叶片正弯会增加端区处的静压,减少角区分离,进而降低角区损失;对动叶而言,在设计攻角下正弯也会增加前缘损失;动叶叶顶反弯使泄漏流远离下一个叶片的压力面,而合适的反弯角度可以降低叶顶泄漏量;选取合适的弯曲角度使五级轴流压气机设计点效率提高1.85%。     

挟沙风对风力发电机叶片冲蚀磨损的数值研究

风力发电机叶片的风沙冲蚀问题是风电机组耐候性研究的重点之一,该文通过数值模拟的方法,基于1.5 MW的叶片,建立相似模型,研究不同沙尘粒径、不同来流风速和不同叶尖攻角等冲蚀条件对叶片的磨损特性及规律。研究表明：叶片受到的磨蚀率随风速增大而增加,在9 m/s风速时冲蚀分布集中于叶根、叶尖附近,随着风速增大冲蚀由叶根向叶片的中后段移动,且冲蚀效果更显著;随着沙粒粒径增大,叶片磨蚀率逐渐增大,且集中在叶根和叶片中前段;风沙冲蚀角度影响叶片表面的冲蚀分布,角度越大,冲蚀分布的面积越大。