预氧丝在氧化镁／碳复合材料中的原位碳化及其强化作用

研究了碳纤维前驱体即预氧丝在氧化镁／碳复合材料中原位碳化及其强化作用。在氧化镁／碳复合材料中存在铝、镁添加剂时，预氧丝原位碳化后具有碳纤维的强度和强化效果。预氧丝在添加硅的氧化镁／碳材料中原位碳化时因与硅反应失去强度，在无抗氧化添加和的氧化镁／碳材料中原位碳化后，预氧丝因氧化失去强度，对基体无强化作用。     

基体碳对C/CF/Cu复合材料的影响

采用树脂碳化和碳气相沉积相结合的方法制备了碳／碳纤维（C／CF）先驱丝，用压力浸渗凝固成形方法制备了碳／碳纤维／铜（C／CF／Cu）复合材料，借助于扫描电镜下复合材料界面和相分布观察，以及显微硬度和滑动摩擦磨损测试，探讨了基体碳（树脂碳化碳和沉积碳）对C／CF／Cu复合材料成形、显微硬度及摩擦磨损的影响。结果表明，碳化和碳气相沉积处理的C／CF先驱丝相对致密，并阻碍铜液的压力浸渗成形，但该先驱丝硬度高于碳化处理的C／CF先驱丝。碳化和碳气相沉积处理的C／CF／Cu复合材料滑动摩擦磨损耐磨性高于纯铜，而且滑动摩擦因数也高于纯铜。证明C／CF／Cu复合材料是一种具有摩阻功能的复合材料。     

纤维种类对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的为了降低C/C复合材料制造成本,扩展C/C复合材料应用领域,选用低成本预氧丝纤维取代碳纤维,制备出C/C复合材料,并研究纤维种类对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法以两种纤维为原材料,采用CVI工艺制备出C/C复合材料,用MM-2000摩擦试验机进行摩擦磨损试验,采用扫描电镜对摩擦面进行形貌分析。结果随着载荷的增大,预氧丝基C/C复合材料在与金属摩擦时摩擦因数保持在0.22左右,平均磨损量为0.82 mg/min,而碳纤维基C/C复合材料与金属配副相对摩擦因数较小(0.15~0.20),平均磨损量为1.17 mg/min。三种碳与碳配副中,预氧丝基C/C复合材料同预氧丝基C/C复合材料配副之间的摩擦因数随载荷波动的范围为0.28~0.33,较稳定,平均磨损量为1.76mg/min。碳纤维基复合材料与碳纤维复合材料配副时,随着载荷的增大,摩擦因数变化范围较大(0.15~0.33),平均磨损量为2.35 mg/min。预氧丝基复合材料与碳纤维基复合材料之间相互配副,其磨损最大,平均磨损量为2.95 mg/min。结论 C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能与纤维种类有很大关系,采用预氧丝纤维制备出的C/C复合材料,无论与金属相互摩擦,还是与自身材料摩擦,均易形成较为稳定的润滑膜。随着载荷的增加,摩擦因数变化较小,磨损量和摩擦功也最低,表现出比碳纤维基C/C复合材料更优异的摩擦性能。     

C/CF/Cu复合材料界面和抗拉强度研究

采用树脂碳化方法制备了碳/碳纤维(C/CF)先驱丝,用压力浸渗凝固成型方法制备了碳/碳纤维/铜(C/CF/Cu)复合材料,借助抗拉强度测试及扫描电镜下复合材料界面和相组成物分布观察,探讨了C、CF和Cu三组元复合界面特性以及碳纤维丝类型和C/CF先驱丝体积分数对C/CF/Cu复合材料抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,C/CF/Cu复合材料的微观界面是碳纤维单丝-树脂碳化碳-铜双复合界面,此界面属于无化学反应的弱复合界面,铜对C/CF先驱丝的机械锁紧力是提高界面强度和复合材料强度的关键因素.当凝固成型压力为28.5MPa时,1k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为25%和3k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为44.7%的复合材料的抗拉强度达到较高值,分别为595MPa和587MPa,均为纯铜抗拉强度的3倍以上.3k丝制成的一次C/CF先驱丝内碳纤维丝的数量较多,影响复合材料的界面强度,而选用1k碳纤维丝比较有利.     

Cf/SiC制动材料压缩性能的研究

实验以短碳纤维代替连续碳纤维编织为增强体,以树脂为粘结剂,运用模压成型-无压烧结法制备Cf/SiC陶瓷基制动材料.从碳纤维分布、碳纤维长度和碳纤维体积分数3个方面研究对复合材料压缩强度性能的影响.研究结果表明:当碳纤维以纤维单丝状态分布时,纤维与基体结合界面多,纤维能充分发挥增强增韧作用,使材料的压缩强度得到提高;随着碳纤维长度的增加,材料的压缩强度先增大后减小;碳纤维含量分别为5％、10％、15％时,复合材料的压缩强度先增大后减小,当碳纤维含量为10％时,垂直纤维层方向压缩强度为39.04 MPa,平行纤维层方向压缩强度为35.24 MPa.     

摩阻和生物功能C/CF/Cu基复合材料的制备

采用压力浸渗凝固成型方法制备了树脂碳化碳／碳纤维／铜(C／CF／Cu)复合材料，借助于抗拉强度测试以及扫描电镜下复合界面、组成物分布和断口形貌观察，探讨了树脂碳化温度、C／CF先驱丝表面镀铜以及铜液浸渗凝固压力对C／CF／Cu基复合材料的影响。结果表明，随着真空碳化温度的提高，C／CF先驱丝的抗拉强度降低。600℃真空碳化处理可使C／CF先驱丝有较高的抗拉强度(1027MPa)，同时有利于先驱丝导电和表面镀铜。在C／CF先驱丝表面镀铜厚度为40～60μm，有助于制备界面结合良好和抗拉强度较高的C／CF／Cu基复合材料。随着铜液浸渗凝固压力的提高，C／CF／Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度升高，当压力为28．5MPa时，复合材料的界面结合良好，组成相分布均匀，抗拉强度达到595MPa，是纯铜的3倍以上。     

熔渗反应法制备MoSi2-SiC复合材料性能的影响因素

用熔渗反应无压烧结技术制备了MoSi2-SiC复合材料，对制备过程的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：在渗硅温度为1450℃时，反应生成颗粒细小、弥散分布的SiC相，从而使得材料具有较高的抗弯强度；当渗硅温度升高至1750℃时，生成的SiC相发生再结晶长大，使得材料强度下降。成型压力对熔渗硅样品强度影响不大。MoSi2-SiC复合材料的抗弯强度随SiC相含量的增加在增强相含量为40％时存在一极大值，这是由于当SiC数量超过40％后，SiC粒子的团聚、长大使弥散强化作用降低，从而使材料的断裂强度降低；复合材料电阻率随第二相含量的增加而增加。     

热处理温度对钼酚醛树脂连接炭/炭复合材料接头性能的影响

以钼酚醛树脂为原料基体，添加适量的钼粉，对炭／炭复合材料进行连接试验，测试了不同温度处理后接头的室温剪切强度。结果表明，经1500％处理后接头仍保持较高的连接强度，可达13．3MPa。利用XRD和SEM研究了接头的组成和形貌，发现添加适量钼粉后，不但可以降低酚醛树脂在炭化过程中的体积收缩，还能在1100％时原位生成Mo2C来提高接头的连接强度。     

金属基复合材料的发展

复合材料之中最受关注的莫过于纤维增强复合材料。通过纤维强化有可能设计出高温强度优越的材料。早在1948年美国贝尔研究所就已开始研究晶须，确认了锡晶须具有接近于理论值的高强度。1965年GE公司研究了品须作增强材料的可能性，并开发了Al2O3晶须增强的银。1980年日本开发了廉价的SiC晶须，1982年丰田汽车公司发明成功短纤维强化材料。此后相继开发了一系列晶须材料，如SisN4、钛酸钙、硼酸铝、氧化镁等。肾982年至1989年间开发了纤维强化的铝和纤维强化的钛基复合材料。1989年后开发了金属间化合物基和C／C复合材料。近年来，铝基复…     

自蔓延高温合成Cf／TiC-TiB2复合材料的力学性能研究

为提高TiC—TiB2复合材料的强度和韧性以拓宽其应用，用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压（SHS／PHIP）的方法制备了碳纤维质量分数分别为0％，1％，3％，5％，7％的Cr／TiC—TiB2复合材料。通过实验测定，随碳纤维含量的增加，Cf／TiC—TiB2复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性都呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当碳纤维含量达到3％时，强度和韧性分别为406．12MPa和6．26MPa．m^1/2，均高于纯TiC-TiB2陶瓷。纤维的断裂、桥连和裂纹的偏转是复合材料的主要增韧机制。     

Rapid fabrication of C/C/SiC composite by PIP of HMDS

The C/C/SiC composite was fabricated within several days by the method of precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as the precursor. The carbon fiber plates, woven and punctured with two-dimensional orthogonal continuous carbon bundle and short carbon fiber, were used as the reinforced preforms. The characters of the C/C/SiC composite were analyzed using XRD, EDS and SEM, and three-point-bending test. The results indicated that pyrolyzed substance of the precursor contained excessive carbon, followed by silicon, and a small amount of nitrogen. There were micro-cracks on the massive matrix. The phase composition was difficult to distinguish, primarily considered as the Si–C–N composite. The structure of C/C/SiC was dense and homogeneous with some pores whose sizes were less than 5 μm between fibers and less than 100 μm between the carbon fiber bundles, respectively.

Fiber pull-out was observed on the bending fracture surface. The stress–strain curve of both at room temperature and 1300 °C appeared ascending zigzag. Flexural strength was 150 MPa at 1300 °C, higher than 121 MPa at room temperature.     

Effect of carbon fiber on calcium phosphate bone cement

The calcium phosphate cement (α-TCP/TTCP) was reinforced with oxidation-treated carbon fibers. The effect of aspect ratio and content of carbon fiber on the compression strength and bending strength of the hardened body was discussed. The results show that the reinforcing effect is optimal as the aspect ratio is 375 and the additive amount is 0.3% (mass fraction). Under this condition, the compressive strength is increased by 55% (maximum 63.46 MPa), and the bending strength is nearly increased by 100% (maximum 11.95 MPa), respectively. However, if the additive quantity and aspect ratio are too high, the effect of the carbon fibers is limited because it can not be dispersed uniformly in the hardened body. The biological evaluation indicates that the calcium phosphate cement reinforced by carbon fibers has good biocompatibility.     

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3 and Carbon Fiber Reinforced 2024 Aluminum Alloy Composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy composite materials strengthened with Al₂O₃ Saffil fibers or together with addition of carbon fibers were investigated. The fibers were stabilized in the preform with silica binder strengthened by further heat treatment. The preforms with 80-90% porosity were infiltrated by direct squeeze casting method. The microstructure of the as-cast specimens consisted mainly of α-dendrites with intermetallic compounds precipitated at their boundaries. The homogenization treatment of the composite materials substituted silica binder with a mixture of the Θ phase and silicon precipitates distributed in the remnants of SiO₂ amorphous phase. Outside of this area at the binder/matrix interface, fine MgO precipitates were also present. At surface of C fibers, a small amount of fine Al₃C₄ carbides were formed. During pressure infiltration of preforms containing carbon fibers under oxygen carrying atmosphere, C fibers can burn releasing gasses and causing cracks initiated by thermal stress. The examination of tensile and bending strength showed that reinforcing of aluminum matrix with 10-20% fibers improved investigated properties in the entire temperature range. The largest increase in relation to unreinforced alloy was observed for composite materials examined at the temperature of 300 °C. Substituting Al₂O₃ Saffil fibers with carbon fibers leads to better wear resistance at dry condition with no relevant effect on strength properties.     

碳纤维复合材料在笔记本电脑外壳上的应用

介绍了短碳纤维增强复合塑料、热固性连续性碳纤维复合板材、热塑性连续性碳纤维复合板材、碳纤维复合薄膜等4种碳纤维复合材料在笔记本电脑外壳上的应用,并作出了展望。碳纤维与工程塑料、环氧树脂、PMMA等树脂复合后制备的笔记本电脑外壳,在同等强度条件下,相比传统工程塑料制备的笔记本电脑外壳,厚度可减薄50%~60%,重量减轻40%~50%,而且拥有良好的耐候性和耐腐蚀性。指出碳纤维复合材料研究的快速发展将会推动笔记本电脑市场的巨大变革,使笔记本电脑向着"更轻、更薄、更强"方向快速发展。     

用粉末冶金法制备Cf-Al复合材料研究

以镀铜碳纤维和铝粉作原料,采用粉末冶金法制备了碳纤维增强铝基复合材料,并研究了压制力、烧结温度和碳纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维含量为5％（质量分数）、压制力小于150MPa时,坯体的密度随着压制力的增大而快速增大;若压制力超过150MPa,则坯体密度随着压制力增大而缓慢上升;低温下,随着烧结温度的上升,复合材料的密度缓慢增大,强度也上升;但高温下,随着烧结温度的上升,材料密度上升速度加快,强度略降。复合材料烧结前后的密度均随着碳纤维含量的增加而降低。     

Microstructure of carbon fiber preform and distribution of pyrolytic carbon by chemical vapor infiltration

The carbon/carbon composites were made by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) with needled felt preform. The distribution of the pyrolytic carbon in the carbon fiber preform was studied by polarized light microscope (PLM) and scanning electronic microscope(SEM). The experimental results indicate that the amount of pyrolytic carbon deposited on the surface of chopped carbon fiber is more than that on the surface of long carbon fiber. The reason is the different porosity between the layer of chopped carbon fiber and long carbon fiber. The carbon precursor gas which passes through the part of chopped carbon fibers decomposes and deposits on the surface of chopped carbon fiber. The pyrolytic carbon on the surface of long carbon fibers is produced by the carbon precursor gas diffusing from the chopped fiber and the Z-d fiber. Uniform pore distribution and porosity in preform are necessary for producing C/C composites with high properties.     

碳纤维对镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料性能的影响

研究了镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料中镀铜碳纤维对复合材料电阻、硬度和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明：在镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料中加入镀铜碳纤维可以明显地提高其抗弯强度和硬度，但对材料的电阻率作用并不明显。     

Strength of fiber reinforced metal laminates with a circular hole

The effect of notching on fiber-reinforced metal laminates (FML) is studied 3-2 lay up carbon fiber aluminum laminates specimens containing a circular hole were employed in notch tests. The notch effect for a composite laminate was investigated and compared with carbon/epoxy composites and aluminum sheets. The degradation of notch strength for carbon fiber aluminum laminates was smaller than for carbon/epoxy composites. The point and average stress criteria were used in the notch strength analysis. A finite width correction factor was also used. The strength degradation models involve a single parameter that is a function of the hole size and the characteristic length. These models were compared with experimental data and good agreement was found.     

挤压熔体浸渗法制备金属涂覆碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的润湿性和力学性能改善

为了改善碳纤维与铝基体之间界面的润湿性和结合性能,采用挤压熔体浸渗法制备镍和铜涂覆碳纤维增强铝基复合材料,对两种不同涂层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的界面润湿性、显微组织和力学性能进行比较和研究.显微组织结构分析表明,与无涂层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料相比,在相同的浸渗工艺条件下,在碳纤维表面涂覆两种金属均可以显著改善碳纤维与铝...     

反应压力对炭纤维表面SiC涂层制备及组织结构的影响

以硅粉为硅源,采用原位反应法在炭纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,并研究了反应压力对SiC涂层的制备、组织结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：常压下制备的涂层疏松多孔,表面有较多的SiC纳米线,而负压下制备的涂层致密均匀。静态氧化测试表明：与常压下制备的SiC涂层相比,负压下制备的SiC涂层抗氧化性能更好,主要是由于涂层致密均匀,能够更好地阻隔氧气的扩散。根据实验结果,探讨了反应压力对SiC涂层生长机理的影响。常压下,沉积粒子能量低,难以克服遮蔽效应,因此易形成疏松多孔的涂层;而负压下,沉积粒子能量高,表面扩散率高,易形成致密均匀的涂层。