树形分子对尼龙11/尼龙6共混物的增韧增强

在尼龙11／尼龙6共混物中添加4．0代树形分子，提高了共混物的性能；研究了不同树形分子含量对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明，与尼龙11／尼龙6直接共混物相比，在本实验中添加0．25％树形分子所得共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率有明显提高，缺口冲击强度略有增加。     

聚丙烯亚胺树形分子的合成与应用

聚丙烯亚胺树形分子是一种从中心核开始增长，具有确定代数和末端基的高度分支聚合物，可以通过重复反应顺序的逐步合成获得。由于该化合物具有高度的几何对称性、大量的端基、分子内存在空腔等结构特点，在工业、农业、国防、生命科学、医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景。文中通过介绍聚丙烯亚胺树形分子的合成、表征方法及其性能研究，讨论了聚丙烯亚胺树形分子的改性和应用。     

PA6/PAMAM共混物的加工与流变性能

研究了不同代数、不同用量的PAMAM树形分子对PA6／PAMAM共混物加工和流变性能的影响。结果表明：在PA6中加入少量的PAMAM树形分子即可显著提高PA的流变性能和加工性能,PAMAM可作为PA6的流变学改性剂和新型加工助剂。     

聚酰胺-胺树形分子对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

采用聚酰胺-胺(PAM AM)树形分子改性环氧树脂。用超声波分散工艺、浇铸工艺和试样加工手段,制备了聚酰胺-胺树形分子改性环氧树脂浇铸体。利用Instron试验机测试其性能,用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析了改性体系的断口形貌。结果表明,聚酰胺-胺树形分子能同时提高环氧树脂的力学性能。拉伸强度和冲击强度提高幅度分别为18%(改性2.5G)和96%(树形2.5G),聚酰胺-胺树形分子(2.5G)优于液体丁腈橡胶(CBTN)改性环氧树脂;改性后的材料的冲击断口为塑性断裂。     

稀土有机配合物/树形分子/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及光学性能研究

选择荧光性能较强的稀土元素Eu为金属发光中心,β-二酮为配体,低代树形分子为掺杂剂,合成了高配位数的掺杂树形分子β-二酮配合物;并以蒙脱土为刚性体,采用插层法制得高荧光强度的稀土有机配合物/树形分子/蒙脱土纳米材料.分析结果表明,稀土有机配合物/树形分子/蒙脱土荧光材料较同类稀土有机配合物的荧光性能明显增强.     

以酯端基PAMAM树形分子为模板在N，M-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中制备金纳米粒子

用UV-vis、FT-IR光谱研究了HAuCl4和酯端基聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)树形分子在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中的相互作用，提出HAuCl4与树形分子之间的络合机理：[AuCl4]^-离子与质子化叔胺基团形成离子对，Au^3 离子与PAMAM树形分子上的酯基和酰胺基团形成配位作用。在DMF溶剂中酯端基PAMAM树形分子与HAuCl4配位后用柠檬酸钠还原形成金纳米粒子，UV-vis光谱和TEM图像分析表明了随树形分子代数的增加，金纳米粒子的直径减小，并提出了树形分子-金纳米复合物的结构模型：(1)较低代数的树形分子环绕在金粒子的外围；(2)在较高代数的树形分子空腔内部封装金纳米粒子。     

Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋掺杂铝酸锶长余辉发光材料的研究

用固相法制备出了Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋共掺杂Sr4Al7O25：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋、SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋长余辉发光材料。研究了硼酸含量对其制备过程及发光性能的影响。用XRD对所合成材料进行物相分析，用荧光光谱仪记录其发射光谱，并在暗室里拍摄紫外激发下的发光照片。结果表明：随着硼酸加入量的不同，Eu^2＋、Dy^3＋共掺杂铝酸锶的发光效果、形貌特征均不同。在某一范围内，随着硼酸添加量的增加，材料的发光性能、发光亮度均有所提高，烧结温度有所降低。     

以酯端基PAMAM树形分子为模板在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中制备金纳米粒子

用UV-vis、FT-IR光谱研究了HAuCl4和酯端基聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)树形分子在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中的相互作用,提出HAuCl4与树形分子之间的络合机理:[AuCl4]-离子与质子化叔胺基团形成离子对,Au3 离子与PAMAM树形分子上的酯基和酰胺基团形成配位作用.在DMF溶剂中酯端基PAMAM树形分子与HAuCl4配位后用柠檬酸钠还原形成金纳米粒子,UV-vis光谱和TEM图像分析表明了随树形分子代数的增加,金纳米粒子的直径减小,并提出了树形分子-金纳米复合物的结构模型:(1)较低代数的树形分子环绕在金粒子的外围;(2)在较高代数的树形分子空腔内部封装金纳米粒子.     

Co2O3掺杂对SnO2-Ni2O3-Nb2O5系压敏材料性能的影响

研究并分析了Ni^2＋掺杂和Co^2＋掺杂对SnO2压敏电阻致密度和电学非线性性能的影响。研究了掺Co^3＋对Sno2-Ni2O3-Nb2O5压敏材料性能的影响。实验结果表明，Co2O3在高温下可转变为CoO。Co^2＋的掺入不仅能够增大Sno2-Ni2O3-Nb2O5材料的质量密度，而且在线性系数，在较大程度上提高了Sno2-Ni2O3-Nb2O5压敏材料的性能。     

电解液中Ce^3＋／Ce^4＋含量对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化膜特性和表面形貌的影响

用微弧氧化方法在铸造铝合金表面获得性能优良的陶瓷层对于提高其表面耐热、耐蚀及耐磨性，扩大其应用范围将具有重要意义。在微弧氧化过程中，通过控制电解液组成可以改善膜层性能。稀土金属离子化学性质活泼而且有助于普通陶瓷的烧结。研究了ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1合金在Na2SiO3电解液体系中微弧氧化时，Ce^3＋／Ce^4＋的引入对微弧氧化陶瓷层性能的影响，测定陶瓷层的厚度、硬度，用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析其相组成，扫描电镜（SEM）观察其表面形貌，并初步探讨了Ce^3＋／Ce^4＋对陶瓷层形成机理的影响。结果表明：Ce^3＋在0．1～0．7g／L变化时，对陶瓷层的厚度和硬度影响较小，分别为165～193μm和449～935Hv。Ce^4＋在0．1～0.7g／L变化时，陶瓷层的厚度和硬度分别为126～148μm和463～1022HV。XRD分析结果显示，陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、Al2SiO5和非晶相组成，加入Ce^3＋后，陶瓷层中Al2SiO5衍射强度明显降低。     

石墨烯量子点/CdS/CdSe共敏化太阳能电池

以三维锐钛矿TiO₂微球为上层光散射层材料, 以商业纳米TiO₂为下层连接材料, 采用刮刀法制备了一种新颖的双层TiO₂薄膜, 并应用于量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSC)。其中, 石墨烯量子点(GQDs)采用滴液法引入, CdS/CdSe量子点采用连续离子层吸附法(SILAR)制备。采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱及荧光光谱对样品进行表征。实验还制备了CdS/CdSe量子点敏化及石墨烯量子点/CdS/CdSe共敏化太阳能电池, 并研究了石墨烯量子点及CdS不同敏化周期及对电池性能影响。研究结果表明, 石墨烯量子点及CdS不同敏化周期对薄膜的光学性质、电子传输及载流子复合均有较大影响。优选条件下, TiO₂/QGDs/CdS(4)/CdSe电池的光电转换效率为1.24%, 光电流密度为9.47 mA/cm², 显著高于TiO₂/CdS(4)/CdSe电池的这些参数(0.59%与6.22 mA/cm²)。这主要是由于TiO₂表层吸附石墨烯量子点后增强了电子的传输, 减少了载流子的复合。     

Interface/surface optical phonon in onion-like quantum dots

We calculate the interface/surface phonon in onion-like quantum dots by using dielectric continuum approach. The form of the phonon potential of the onion-like quantum dots and the electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonian are obtained. Core/shell quantum dots and quantum dot quantum well are studied in detail. The interface/surface phonon modes and corresponding frequencies as a function of the sizes of the structure are investigated. We observe that the asymptotic behavior is depended on the host medium. The sensitivity of the interface/surface phonon frequencies are decreasing with the increasing of the shell thickness. The contribution of different angular momentum quantum numbers to the electron-phonon interaction are given for the onion-like quantum dots. Numerical calculations are performed on the CdS/ZnS and CdS/ZnS/CdS heterostructure which is embedded in the polyethylene.     

树形分子包覆硫化镉量子点的抗老化性能研究

以聚酰胺-胺树形分子为模板制备了平均粒径为2.5nm的CdS量子点, 采用HRTEM、EDS、UV-vis、PL等手段对样品进行表征, 研究了其在室温避光条件下的老化过程. 结果表明, CdS量子点在刚制备的前5d里UV-vis、PL谱峰半峰宽变窄, 发光效率迅速上升, 表明量子点以尺寸窄化生长为主; 5d后UV-vis、PL谱峰半峰宽逐渐宽化, 发光效率缓慢下降, 表明量子点以尺寸宽化(Ostwald 熟化)过程为主. 树形分子的配位作用和模板作用赋予CdS量子点良好的抗老化性能, 6个月后量子点粒径增量<0.3nm, PL强度约降低22%.     

水溶性Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的合成、表征及细胞毒性检测

采用水相法合成了Cu掺杂CdTe量子点,并用CdS壳层进行包覆,得到了Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳结构量子点。采用荧光发射光谱(FL)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电镜(TEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)等手段对CdTe量子点和Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点进行了表征。研究了不同Cu掺杂浓度、CdS壳层生长时间以及Cd/硫脲物质的量比对Cu∶CdTe掺杂量子点光学性能的影响,并采用人成骨肉瘤细胞(MG-63细胞)对样品做了细胞毒性分析。研究结果表明:通过掺杂和包壳的步骤,合成的Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点在CdTe量子点的基础上实现了荧光发射红移,荧光强度提高,以及细胞毒性降低。     

Effect of solvent-induced structural modifications on optical properties of CdS nanoparticles

We have investigated the effects of solvent used during synthesis on structural and optical properties of CdS quantum dots. Different methods of synthesis for the production of CdS quantum dots are presented. These are: (a) wet chemical co-precipitation in non-aqueous medium (i.e. methanol); (b) wet chemical co-precipitation in aqueous medium (deionized water) and (c) solid state reaction. It is demonstrated that the use of methanol as solvent leads to a strong enhancement of PL intensity of CdS quantum dots for use in optoelectronic devices. These products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change in bandgap with size-quantization was investigated by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. CdS nanocrystals prepared in non-aqueous medium have narrow size distribution than those prepared in aqueous medium and solid state reaction. Phase transformation of CdS nanocrystals from a cubic to hexagonal structure was observed in methanol solution. The formation of CdS/Cd(OH)₂ nanostructure was also confirmed using X-ray diffraction pattern. This suggests that the strong enhancement of the PL intensity may have originated from the remarkable reduction of non-radiative recombination process, due to surface defects of quantum dots. The red shift of the Raman peaks compared to that for bulk CdS may be attributed to optical phonon confinement.     

Properties of electrospun CdS and CdSe filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibres

Electrospinning technique was used to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibres incorporating CdS and CdSe quantum dots (nanoparticles). Different nanoparticle loadings (2, 5 and 10 wt% with respect to PMMA) were used and the effect of the quantum dots on the properties of the fibres was studied. The optical properties of the hybrid composite fibres were investigated by photoluminescence and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectrophotometry were also used to investigate the morphology and structure of the fibres. The optical studies showed that the size-tunable optical properties can be achieved in the polymer fibres by addition of quantum dots. SEM images showed that the morphologies of the fibres were dependent on the added amounts of quantum dots. A spiral type of morphology was observed with an increase in the concentration of CdS and CdSe nanoparticles. Less beaded structures and bigger diameter fibres were obtained at higher quantum dot concentrations. X-ray diffractometry detected the amorphous peaks of the polymer and even after the quantum dots were added and the FTIR analysis shows that there was no considerable interaction between the quantum dots and the polymer fibres at low concentration of quantum dots however at higher concentrations some interactions were observed which shows that QDs were present on the surfaces of the fibres.     

Synthesis spectrum properties of high-quality CdS quantum dots

High-quality CdS quantum dots with zinc-blende structure were prepared in noncoordinating solvent 1-octadence (ODE), using N-oleoyl-morpholine as an alternative solvent for sulfur powder, oleic acid (OA) as capping ligand. Sulfur powder could be dissolved in N-oleoyl-morpholine at room temperature. The kinetics of nucleation/growth was monitored via the temporal evolution of optical properties of the as-prepared CdS quantum dots. Various synthetic parameters were systematically investigated, such as growth temperature of 190 degrees C-260 degrees C, OA concentrations of 1.5 mL-2 mL, and the feed molar ratios of (0.5-3) Cd/1S. With increasing feed molar ratio of Cd/S, little trap emission could be observed. The feed molar ratio of 3Cd/1S was suggested to be the optimal synthetic window, together with the amount of OA 1.5 mL and the growth temperature of 210 degrees C. The quantum dots with growth periods ranging from 0 to 900 s at 210 degrees C exhibited their first excitonic absorption peak changing from 359 nm to 429 nm and the corresponding average size moved from 2.26 nm to 4.41 nm. The narrowest PL FWHM we obtained was 16 nm. Typical HRTEM images revealed that the as-prepared CdS quantum dots had narrow size distribution and high crystallinity.     

CdS量子点的制备和光学性质

以醋酸镉、硫粉为原料制备CdS量子点,研究了硫的加入量对其光学性质的影响,结果表明:合成的CdS量子点粒径均匀,分散性较好,随着硫加入量的增加CdS量子点的粒径增大;反应中过量的硫能有效地填补硫空位,从而抑制表面态发光,同时,ODA的修饰也能有效地钝化表面态,减小表面态的发光强度.     

Cd^2＋参量对于CdSe／CdS／ZnS量子点荧光特性的影响

测量了CdSe、CdSe／CdS／ZnS量子点的吸收光谱和发射光谱,讨论了两种不同量子点的光谱特性。改变核层内Cd^2＋浓度以及壳层内Cd^2＋／Zn^2＋比例,分别测量多组CdSe／CdS／ZnS量子点发射光谱并计算量子产率,结果表明,Cd^2＋浓度45mmol／L或者Cd^2＋／Zn^2＋比例为1／2时,CdSe／CdS／ZnS量子产率最高,从而确定最佳的Cd^2＋定量参数。     

One-step and rapid synthesis of composition-tunable and water-soluble ZnCdS quantum dots

ZnCdS quantum dots have been successfully prepared at room temperature in aqueous solution with sodium hexametaphosphate as stabilizer and thioacetamide as the source of S. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra and UV-Vis absorption spectra of the ZnCdS quantum dots were determined on the basis of the initial Cd/Zn mole ratio (Cd/Zn = 8/0, 7/1, 6/2, 5/3, 4/4, 3/5, 2/6, 1/7 and 0/8) and the concentration of thioacetamide. The emission peaks first showed a red shift and then a blue shift with the increasing initial Zn concentration, which provided the evidence of formation of CdS/ZnCdS core/shell and ZnCdS alloyed quantum dots. The ZnCdS quantum dots were compared with CdS (ZnS) quantum dots doped with Zn2+ (Cd2+). The samples have also been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS).