脂肪酸酯的均相催化制备的研究

研究了天然油脂与甲醇、乙醇、丁醇进行酯交换的反应.发现在无水体系中,实现均相催化是反应顺利进行和提高脂肪酸酯收率的关键.棉籽油和甲醇,用1%的NaOH实现均相催化,常温常压下,甲酯收率可达98%;随着油碳链和醇碳链的增长,适当提高反应温度、增加NaOH用量,酯交换反应都可以收到较好效果.讨论了在均相催化条件下,酯交换反应的条件和影响因素.     

环糊精与季盐协同增效羟基苯乙酸的相转移催化合成

系统地研究了环糊精包合增效与季盐缔合增效及两者混用协同增效的复合相转移催化作用，并应用于有机合成，它们均一定程度甚至显著提高了合成收率。用β－环糊精及氯化苄基三乙铵（β－ＣＤ／ＢＴＥＡＣ）催化由芳醛、氯仿、ＮａＯＨ进行反应合成α－羟基苯乙酸的过程，收率由不足５０％提高至８０％以上。     

α—磺化硬脂酸甲酯钠的研制

硬脂酸（Ｃ１２－Ｃ１８）和甲醇在浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４催化征生成硬脂酸甲酯，在通ＳＯ３下进行反应生成α－磺化硬脂酸甲酯再与ＮａＯＨ中和得到α－磺化硬脂酸甲酯钠。     

受阻胺类光稳定剂Tinuvin-770的合成

综述了受阻胺类光稳定剂Ｔｉｎｕｖｉｎ－７７０的合成方法、工艺条件及发展、生产状况。详细地阐述了催化剂、溶剂、癸二酸二酯种类、温度、压力等因素对产品收率的影响。得出在ＮａＯＣＨ３为催化剂、正庚烷为溶剂、常压（后期一般负压反应）及回流温度下,选用癸二酸二甲酯与２,２,６,６－四甲基－４－哌啶醇进行酯交换反应４～５ｈ,得目的产物,其收率在９７％以上。     

硫酸氢铵盐离子液体催化亚麻油制备生物柴油的研究

以浓硫酸和三乙胺为原料制备了酸性离子液体硫酸氢铵盐[Et3NH][HSO4],作为催化剂用于亚麻油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察了催化剂添加量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯交换产品收率的影响。试验结果表明:硫酸氢铵盐离子液体对酯交换反应有很高的催化活性,在甲醇与亚麻油摩尔比为8∶1、催化剂占原料油质量分数6%、反应温度120℃和反应时间5 h的优化条件下,酯交换产品收率可达90%以上。产物中含有十五酸甲酯、软脂酸甲酯等长链酯类物质,与生物柴油的化学组成分相似,说明离子液体硫酸氢铵盐能够催化制备生物柴油。     

受阻胺类稳定剂Tinuvin—770的合成

综述了受阻胺类光稳定剂Ｔｉｎｕｖｉｎ－７７０的合成方法、工艺条件及发展、生产状况。详细地阐述了催化剂、溶剂、癸二酸二酯种类、温度、压力等因素对产品收率的影响。得出在ＮａＯＣＨ３为催化剂、正庚烷为溶剂、常压及回流温度下，选用癸二酸二甲酯与２，２，６，６－四甲基－４－哌啶醇进行酯交换反应４－５ｈ，和目的产物，其收率在９７％以上。     

甲基—β—环糊精的微波辐射合成

通过用无ＮａＯＨ碱性条件下,以硫酸二甲酯作为甲基化试剂,采用微波辐射技术对β－环糊精分子进行甲基化反应,收率为７６．３％,反应时间缩短。     

氯化铁催化合成茴香脑

研究了利用ＦｅＣｌ２．６Ｈ２Ｏ催化合成茴香脑的条件，结果表明，在最佳反应条件下，产品收率达９６％。     

富硼渣的碱解反应及活性评价方法的研究

研究了富硼渣与ＮａＯＨ溶液反应时时，液固比、ＮａＯＨ溶液及反应时间对碱解率的影响规律；考察了一定条件下碱解率与碳解率的对应关系；确定了评价富硼渣活性的适宜碱解反应条件。     

溴化N—[3—长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧—2—羟]丙基—N,N,N—三甲基铵的合成及表？…

以脂肪醇和乙二醇或一缩二乙二醇为原料合成长链烷基（双）氧乙烯醇,收率为７５％。后在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到长链烷基氧乙烯缩水甘油醚,收率为９０％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。