碳黑/聚乙烯醇电纺复合纤维的制备与气敏特性研究

通过碳黑(CB)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合溶液的电纺,制备了掺纳米CB的PVA复合纤维,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了它的形貌。CB/PVA复合纳米纤维的形貌取决于混合物中CB的含量。随CB含量的增加,CB颗粒在纤维中的分布逐渐变得均匀;最佳CB/PVA的质量比为3∶10;继续增加CB含量,CB颗粒聚合成团析出,杂乱分布于PVA纤维中。乙醇蒸气测试表明:质量比为3∶10的CB/PVA纤维具有灵敏度高、响应恢复快等特点。     

用Origin软件进行聚乙烯醇胶凝特性研究

提出了一种用线性相关性分析聚乙烯醇溶液在Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O的水溶液引发下的胶凝特性的方法。建立了聚乙烯醇溶液表观粘度随引发剂加入量变化关系的数学模型,给出了两种线性相关性分析方法。用Origin 6．1分析了胶凝过程的数据特点并给出了参数特征。当引发剂加入量(相对于聚乙烯醇溶液的体积分数)≤0．23%时,表观粘度对引发剂加入量呈较高的线性正相关性；随着引发剂加入量的增加,线性相关性破坏,至引发剂加入量0．929%时,表观粘度随引发剂加入量呈近指数增加。整个过程表观粘度对引发剂加入量可用模型η=-282．994 2857．966V 21939．843exp[(V-2．051)/0．113]进行拟合,相关系数r~2=0．99581。按此模型得胶凝转变点Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O的水溶液加入量为2．051%,对应的聚乙烯醇溶液表观粘度为27518．6 mPa·s。XRD分析结果表明,该加入量引发后的聚乙烯醇完全转变为非晶态。     

Improvements in the long-term stability of a LiCl dew-point sensor using cross-linked porous poly(vinyl alcohol) film

A novel sensing film for a LiCl dew-point sensor was prepared by incorporating LiCl into the cross-linked porous PVA film. Their impedance characteristics and long-term stability was examined. The porous PVA film cross-linked with formaldehyde exhibited superior stability for more than 50 days, even when the film was stored in 50% RH atmosphere where dewdrops appear on the surface of the film. FTIR analysis, dielectric measurements, and SEM observation suggested that this superior stability may be attributed to the unique layered morphology of the coating, which is composed of a cross-linked PVA exterior layer and a primarily porous PVA interior layer that holds LiCl inside.     

Structural and water diffusion of poly(acryl amide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulations

To study the effects of composition ratios and temperature on the diffusion of water molecules in PVA/PAM blend films, five simulation models of PVA/PAM with ten water molecules at different composition ratios (4/0, 3/1, 2/2, 1/3, 0/4) were constructed and simulated by using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The diffusion behavior of water molecules in blends were investigated from the aspects of the diffusion coefficient, free volume, pair correlation function (PCF) and trajectories of water molecules, respectively. And the hydrophilicity of blend composite was studied based on the contact angle and equilibrium water content (EWC) of the blend films. The simulation results show that the diffusion coefficient of water molecules and fractional free volume (FFV) of blend membranes increase with the addition of PAM, and a higher temperature can also improve the diffusion of water molecules. Additionally, the analysis of PCFs reveals the main reason why the diffusion coefficient of water in blend system increases with the addition of PAM. The measurement results of contact angle and EWC of blend films indicate that the hydrophilicity of blend films decreases with the addition of PAM, but the EWC of blends increases with the addition of PAM.     

Efficiency enhancement in blue organic light emitting diodes with a composite hole transport layer based on poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) doped with TiO2 nanoparticles

Blue color organic/polymeric light emitting diodes are very important because they can be used for tri-color display applications, fluorescence imaging, and exciting yellow phosphor for generating white light for general illumination. But the efficiency of blue organic/polymeric light emitting diodes is considerably low due to their large band gap that requires higher energy for effective emission. In this paper we report the enhancement in polyfluorene blue organic light emitting diodes with a polymer nano-composite hole transport layer. Blue light emitting diode based on polyfluorene as an emissive layer and poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)–titanium dioxide nanocomposite as the hole transport layer were fabricated and studied. Different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were doped in poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) in the hole transport layer and the performance of the devices were studied. Significant enhancement in the blue peak at 430 nm of polyfluorene has been observed with increase in concentration of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the hole transport layer. The turn on voltage of the device has also been found to improve significantly with the incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the hole transport layer. The optimized concentration of titanium dioxide in the hole transport layer for most efficient device has been found to 15 wt.%.     

Preparation of chemical vapor sensing materials from composites of esterified poly(vinyl alcohol) and carbon black

Poly(vinyl alcohol) was modified by esterification to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers. The degree of esterification on poly(vinyl alcohol) was elucidated by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis. The obtained products were poly(vinyl benzoate)-co-poly(vinyl alcohol) (B-PVA) and poly(vinyl p-toluoate)-co-poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-PVA). The chemical vapor sensors were fabricated by the mixtures of polymer and carbon black in dimethyl sulfoxide and their subsequent preparation as thin films onto the interdigited electrodes by the application of the spin-coating technique. The chemical vapor sensing properties of the sensors were examined with various solvents, such as hexane, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. The experimental results indicated that modifying the chemical structure of PVA results in the decreased polarity of the obtained products. The composites of modified PVA consequently responded well to low polarity solvents, such as THF or ethyl acetate.     

Functionalized poly (vinyl alcohol) polymer as chemodosimeter material for the colorimetric sensing of cyanide in pure water

New poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) derivative containing pendant chemoselective functionality is prepared for the cyanide detection in pure water. Particularly, incorporation of the chemodosimeter 4 on PVA is performed by direct coupling of the hydroxyl group of the dye 4 and PVA hydroxyl groups via ethereal linkage using di-bromoalkane as a cross-linking agent. The chemosensory capacity of the polymeric material for the colorimetric sensing of cyanide in water is based on the reactivity of this anion toward the chemodosimeter, and its water solubility is given by PVA moiety. The chemodosimeter is developed on the basis of the trifluoroacetyl group as electrophile receptor of the cyanide anions. The final water soluble functionalized polymer presents a sensible selectivity toward cyanide anions in pure water.     

Fluorescence quenching of benzo[k]fluoranthene in poly(vinyl alcohol) film: a possible optical sensor for nitro aromatic compounds

Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) is a condensed multi-ring compounds with high fluorescence quantum yield and Stokes’ shift. Nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) are known to be good electron acceptors and quenchers. The fluorescence quenching of benzo[k]fluoranthene in poly(vinyl alcohol) film by different NACs, e.g. nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, p-nitrobromobenzene, o-nitroaniline, p-nitrophenol, etc. has been studied. The BkF film shows a strong quenching in the NACs concentration range from 1×10⁻⁴ to 1×10⁻³ M. The Stern–Volmer plots for NACs are found to be non-linear, but regular in this concentration range, which can be used for estimation of these compounds. The typical response time of the sensing film is found to be 2–10 s. The sensor film also shows minimal interference from different organic molecules and has good reversibility and reproducibility. The sensor gives a sensitivity of 1×10⁻⁵ M for p-nitrophenol.     

基于电聚合硫堇膜与纳米复合材料界面的直接电化学免疫传感器的构建

本工作采用电聚合手段在玻碳电极表面制备聚硫堇基质膜,借硫堇膜上富含的氨基基团实现对碳纳米管与纳米金颗粒二元纳米复合材料的化学组装,制备稳定的碳纳米管/纳米金/聚硫堇传感界面, 以此传感界面固定免疫活性物质,发展了一种无电子媒介的酶免疫传感器.结果表明,电极采用碳纳米管/纳米金颗粒界面固定免疫活性物质,其传感响应性能明显优于单独采用碳纳米管的情况.以人IgG免疫体系为例,电极以此界面固定人IgG抗体,并通过夹心方式直接响应酶催化H2O2的还原电流信号,实现了对人IgG浓度的灵敏测定.此外,采用甘氨酸-HCl缓冲液洗涤使用后的传感器,可有效洗脱其表面的免疫复合物,实现传感器的重复使用.     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物钠盐/聚苯乙烯磺酸钠复合物的湿敏特性

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物钠盐(NaSMA)与聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaPSS)复合物为湿敏材料,在叉指金电极上浸涂成膜制备了电阻型湿度传感器,考察了NaSMA和NaPSS浓度对复合湿度传感器响应特性的影响.研究表明,加入NaPSS可降低传感器在低湿下电阻,同时提高传感器的高湿灵敏度.在最佳条件下,当环境湿度从33%RH增...     

Gas sensing properties of a composite composed of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers and in situ polymerized polyaniline

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers with different diameters were fabricated by electrospinning and their composites with polyaniline (PANI) were formed by virtue of in situ solution polymerization. The coaxial composite nanofibers so prepared were then transferred to the surface of a gold interdigitated electrode to construct a gas sensor. The structure and morphology of the PANI/PMMA composite fibers were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which indicated that the coaxial nanofibres of PANI emeraldine salt and PMMA were successfully prepared. The electrical responses of the gas sensor based on the composite nanofibres towards triethylamine (TEA) vapors were investigated at room temperature. It was revealed that the sensor showed a sensing magnitude as high as 77 towards TEA vapor of 500 ppm. In addition, the responses were linear, reversible and reproducible towards TEA vapors ranging from 20 to 500 ppm. The diameters of the electrospun PMMA fibers had an effect on the sensing magnitude of the gas sensor, which is proposed to relate to the difference in the surface-to-volume ratio of the fibers. Furthermore, it was found that the concentration of doping acids only led to changes in resistance of the sensor, but could not affect its sensing characteristics. In contrast, the nature of the doping acids was determinative for the sensing magnitude of the sensor. The gas sensor with toluene sulfonic acid as the doping acid exhibited the highest sensing magnitude, which is explained by taking into account of the sensing mechanism and the interactions of doping acids with TEA vapor.