压电纤维复合材料的管道结构健康监测应用

管道实时结构健康监测对工程应用具有重要意义,压电纤维复合材料在与管道结构共形时保持压电阻抗特性,对管道结构进行健康监测。本文制备了压电纤维复合材料,研究了复合材料厚度对电阻抗特性的影响,厚度大于250μm时阻抗峰值下降50%。基于压电纤维复合材料进行了结构载荷监测应用验证,通过相关系数偏差值(R_C)和均方根偏差(R_M)方法对结构受到损伤时的压电纤维复合材料阻抗敏感特征进行量化,并基于无损状态建立了损伤阈值(U_l)。当管道结构受到50 N载荷时,R_C指数达到0.51(U_l=0.005);螺栓结构松动50%时,R_M指数达到7.96(U_l=0.63)。结果表明,压电纤维复合材料可以对管道结构应力状态变化和螺栓松动进行灵敏响应,适用于管道等复杂曲面结构进行结构健康监测,应用前景广阔。     

基于有限元法压电纤维复合物结构的模拟优化

利用有限元软件ANSYS模拟分析电极结构、压电陶瓷纤维厚度及体积分数等结构参数对纤维内部电场分布及复合物驱动应变性能的影响规律。结果表明:具有交叉指形电极结构的压电纤维复合物在纤维内部存在不均匀电场区域,其强度和体积分数共同制约着复合物的驱动应变性能。在恒定电场条件下,当交叉指形电极宽度为纤维厚度的一半时,复合物具有最大应变量;厚度较小的压电陶瓷纤维内部的均匀电场强度较高和体积分数较大,进而有利于提高复合物的驱动应变性能。在恒定电压条件下,电极指间距越大,复合物的驱动应变量越小。当指间距和指宽的比>10时,应变量可达到理想状态的90%。压电陶瓷纤维体积分数越高的复合物越容易获得较大的驱动应变性能。     

纤维增强铝基复合材料的发展现状

从纤维增强铝基复合材料组成的角度出发，对该材料的发展现状进行了综述。首先简要介绍了常用纤维增强体的制备方法和性能特点，随后概述了纤维增强铝基复合材料的主要制造方法以及各种常见纤维增强复合材料的性能特点和应用现状，最后讨论了目前存在的问题及发展趋势。     

纤维增强铝基复合材料的发展现状

从纤维增强铝基复合材料组成的角度出发,对该材料的发展现状进行了综述。首先简要介绍了常用纤维增强体的制备方法和性能特点,随后概述了纤维增强铝基复合材料的主要制造方法以及各种常见纤维增强复合材料的性能特点和应用现状,最后讨论了目前存在的问题及发展趋势。     

纤维增强铝基复合材料及其应用

纤维增强铝基复合材料由于具备各种特殊性能或优良的综合性能,越来越受到人们的重视。讨论了纤维增强铝 基复合材料的主要组成部分——作为增强剂的纤维,并列举了若干典型纤维增强铝基复合材料的性能,以及纤维增强铝基 复合材料应用实例。     

金属基复合材料的发展及展望

综述了金属基复合材料的发展，指出了在其制造和使用中的主要问题及应取对策；重点分析了金属基混杂复合材料、金属间化合物基复合材料、功能梯度材料及金属基智能复合材料的发展前景。     

纤维增强金属基复合材料的应力集中及力学性能

本文提出了一种多裂纹模型，用此模型可以分析复合材料中的应力集中，界面脱粘、基体屈服及裂纹间交互作用，分析结果表明，在纤维中存在着较高的应力集中，基体屈服及反应层中裂纹密度增加都促进应力集中，而界面脱粘则使应力急中松弛，对于涂ＳｉＣ涂层的Ｃ／Ａｌ复合材料，最佳界面结合强度在１００￣３００ＭＰａ之间。     

KH570对PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料性能的影响

采用丙烯酰氧基的硅烷偶联剂(KH570)对压电陶瓷锌铌锆钛酸铅(PZN-PZT)进行表面改性.然后将改性后的PZN-PZT陶瓷粉体与聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)复合,制备出PZN-PZT/PVDF 0-3型压电复合材料,研究了KH570含量对压电复合材料铁电性、介电性及压电性能的影响.结果表明:KH570的加入有效地改善了复合材料的压电性,当KH570含量为1.2%时压电复合材料的d33达到29.8pC/N.     

纤维增强铝基复合材料凝固偏析模拟研究

由凝固过程中的三大守恒定律,建立了金属基复合材料凝固数学模型。根据所建立的模型对Al2O3／Al-4．5Cu复合材料进行数值模拟,并在与模拟计算相同条件下进行了实验验证。模拟结果表明：Al2O3短纤维周围存在第二相偏析;随凝固冷却速度增大,复合材料基体偏析加剧;随复合材料中纤维体积分数增大,基体中偏析减小;模拟结果与实验结果十分吻合。     

悬臂梁基板对压电纤维复合物驱动性能的影响

压电纤维复合物在驱动、传感、结构健康检测等领域具有广泛应用,研究压电纤维复合物的驱动性能对于压电纤维复合物实际应用具有重要意义。通过实验研究不同驱动电压条件(峰值、频率及偏置)对压电纤维复合物悬臂梁结构顶端位移的影响,探讨悬臂梁基板材料与压电纤维复合物驱动性能的关系,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论利用悬臂梁顶端位移计算压电纤维复合物的驱动力。结果表明:压电纤维复合物的驱动性能具有明显的迟滞性。悬臂梁顶端位移的大小与驱动电压峰的峰值呈线性关系,且其不仅与驱动电压的峰值有关,还与驱动电压的偏置、频率有关。压电纤维复合物的驱动性能随基板不同而不同,其对刚性铝板的驱动力为5.2 m N,对柔性麦拉膜的驱动力为0.2 m N。     

Oxidation and particle deposition modeling in plasma spraying of Ti-6Al-4V/SiC fiber composites

Plasma spraying is known to be a promising process for the manufacturing of Ti/SiC long-fiber composites. However, some improvements remain for this process to be applied in an industrial route. These include: oxygen contamination of the sprayed material through that of titanium particles before and during spraying, damage to fibers due to a high level of thermal stresses induced at the spraying stage, adequate deposition of titanium-base powder to achieve a low-porosity matrix and good impregnation of the fiber array. This article deals with work that resulted in a threefold study of the process. Oxidation was studied using electron microprobe analysis of elementary particles quenched and trapped into a closed box at various given flight distances. Oxygen diffusion phenomena within the particles are discussed from a preliminary theoretical approach coupled with experimental data. Isothermal and thermomechanical calculations were made using the ABAQUS code to determine stresses arising from contact of a liquid Ti-6Al-4V particle onto a SiC fiber. On the scale of the sprayed powder flow, a two-dimensional new type of model simulating the deposition of droplets onto a substrate was developed. This new type of model is based on a lattice-gas automaton that reproduces the hydrodynamical behavior of fluids.     

短碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的挤压浸渗工艺

采用挤压浸渗法制备了短碳纤维增强铝基复合材料 ,研究了浸渗压力、铝液浇注温度、纤维预热温度等对复合材料组织的影响。结果表明 :合适的工艺参数为铝液浇注温度 740～ 80 0℃ ,预制块预热温度 35 0～ 40 0℃ ,浸渗压力 2～ 5MPa;在氩气保护下 ,无须对碳纤维表面进行涂层处理 ,可获得组织均匀的铝基复合材料。加入Al2 O3 颗粒可以改善纤维分布的均匀性     

Wear and transfer characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under water lubrication

The tribological characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under distilled-water-lubricated-sliding and dry-sliding against stainless steel were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine composite microstructures and modes of failure. The typical chemical states of elements of the transfer film on the stainless steel were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Wear testing and SEM analysis show that all the composites hold the lowered friction coefficient and show much better wear resistance under water lubricated sliding against stainless steel than those under dry sliding. The wear of composites is characterized by plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling under both dry-sliding and water lubricated conditions. Plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling, however, are significantly abated under water-lubricated condition. XPS analysis conforms that none of the materials produces transfer films on the stainless steel counterface with the type familiar from dry sliding, and the transfer of composites onto the counterpart ring surface is significantly hindered while the oxidation of the stainless steel is speeded under water lubrication. The composites hinder transfer onto the steel surface and the boundary lubricating action of water accounts for the much smaller wear rate under water lubrication compared with that under dry sliding. The easier transfer of the composite onto the counterpart steel surface accounts for the larger wear rate of the polymer composite under dry sliding.     

纤维及颗粒增强Al/Ti叠层复合材料制备方法和性能研究

Al/Ti叠层复合材料具有低密度、高比强度、高比刚度和高抗冲击性的优异性能,是一种理想的轻质高强材料,但是金属间化合物Al3Ti的脆性限制了其实际应用。通过复合纤维、陶瓷颗粒可以降低Al3Ti的脆性,提高Al/Ti叠层复合材料的强度和韧性,使其在航空航天、武器装甲等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文简述了部分典型纤维、陶瓷颗粒增强Al/Ti叠层复合材料的制备方法,比较了不同材料和制备方法的优缺点。提出了碳化硼(B4C)增强Al/Ti叠层复合材料的可行方法,并采用真空热压法制备了0.2 mm厚的B4C薄片强化的Al/Ti叠层复合材料,该方法通过B4C薄片直接承载吸能和形成硬度梯度诱导裂纹偏转的方式强化基体,使其冲击韧性达到89 J/cm2,抗弯强度可达756 MPa,相较基体分别提高51%和38%。     

Role of Al2O3 fiber in eutectic Al-Si alloy composites

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纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料与激光连接研究进展

为研究碳纤维增强复合材料和铝合金搭接激光焊接过程的温度变化规律,文中以6061铝合金和碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料(CF/PA66)为研究对象,建立了基于热传导的有限元模型,使用SYSWELD软件对两种材料搭接激光焊接过程进行数值模拟,并通过试验验证了模型的准确性;在此基础上研究了激光功率、焊接速度、搭接宽度、冷却条件、工装导热条件对接头温度场的影响规律;研究发现, CF/PA66树脂熔化区域随着激光功率的增大而增加,随冷却速度的增大而减小,同种工艺参数下材料搭接尺寸对界面树脂最大熔化宽度无影响,水冷条件能够显著降低CF/PA66树脂熔化量,导热材料热导率越大,对PA66树脂熔化量的降低作用越显著.

     

Effect of rare earth additives on alumina fiber development in Ti-Al intermetallic matrix composites

Al2O3（1）/TiAl composites were synthesized by an exothermic reaction method using Ti, Al and TiO2 powders doped with Nb205 and La2O3. The effect of Nb205 and La2O3 additives on the growth and morphology of the fibers, the phases and microstructure of the composites were investigated by means of XRD and SEM. The result indicates that the in situ alumina fiber can be developed in Ti-Al matrix with the Ti/Al mole ratio of 1：2 1：7, and the addition of rare earth powders can improve the dispersion of the fibers in the matrix and increase the length-to-diameter ratio of the fibers.