基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络路由算法

为了提高无线传感器网络的生存时间,针对当前LEACH算法存在的能量不均衡难题,提出一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络节点路由算法。首先将监测区域看成以基站为中心的扇形区域,并将扇形区域分割成不同大小的弧形方块,每个弧形方块中的节点组成一个簇,根据节点剩余能量产生簇头,然后采用单跳和多跳相结合的簇间通信机制,最后采用仿真实验测试算法的性能。结果表明,本文算法有效提高了网络的能量利用率,能够实现节点之间的能耗均衡,使无线传感器的网络生存时间得到延长,适用于对网络生命周期要求较高的应用。     

基于无线传感器网络能耗系统的研究

节能已经成为无线传感器网络研究的核心部分。该文研究了无线传感器网络拓扑结构的邻近节点数对网络能耗的影响,主要采用动态电压调节技术(DVS)来降低无线传感器网络中节点的能耗。动态电压调节主要通过减少门等效电容、供电电压以及降低转换因子、时钟频率来达到降低动态能耗的目的,其中,降低供电电压节能效果最佳。与其他方法相比,动态电压调节降低能耗更加明显、效率更高。通过在CC2430节点芯片上测试验证,通过改变其分频比,得出了功耗和频率的近似线性关系。     

NMR inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - This paper presents a naked mole rat (NMR) inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. NMR uses strategic deployment among three types of nodes...     

WSN中最小代价前向协议的研究与改进

对无线传感器网络（WSN）中的最小代价前向协议进行了研究，通过引入随机选择和数据融合功能改进原有协议。用跳数作为代价分析了改进后的协议性能，并进行计算机仿真，结果表明改进后的协议具有更低的网络负荷和更长的生命周期。     

一种无线传感网节能安全路由策略

摘 要: 针对现有无线传感网络研究中缺乏统筹能量意识、安全机制等网络性能的问题,本文提出一种GPSR-EDM策略。该策略基于能量意识和安全机制,并在传统节能安全策略上增加一种量化均衡的概念,致力于在节能和安全之间寻找平衡点,以达到信息传输最优化的目的。该策略以节点剩余能量和下一跳的距离为选择主路径的标准,同时加入监督节点形成监督路径（副路径）,并在数据传输时引入选择唤醒和休眠机制。其中,主路径主要担负数据传输的任务,而副路径具有路由保护和数据传输的作用。仿真实验结果表明：该策略在统筹节能和安全等网络性能方面较GPSR有明显优势。     

基于节能策略的无线传感器网络MAC协议

由于无线传感器网络的特殊性,针对其节能问题的媒体访问控制(MAC)协议研究越来越受到人们的关注.首先分析了无线传感器网络中能源损耗的原因,接着对近年来典型的基于节能策略的无线传感器网络MAC协议进行了分析总结,并综合其它性能指标比较了协议性能,最后提出了一些未来的研究方向.     

An energy efficient middleware for an ad-hoc AAL wireless sensor network

DIA (Dispositivo Inteligente de Alarma, in Spanish) is an AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) system that allows to infer a potential dangerous action of an elderly person living alone at home. This inference is obtained by a specific sensorisation with sensor nodes (portables and fixes) and a reasoning layer embedded in a PC that learns of the users behaviour patterns and advices when actual one differs significantly of the normal patterns. In AAL systems, energy is a limited resource therefore sensor devices need to be properly managed to conserve energy. In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of innovative and specific mechanisms at the sensory layer middleware which is capable of, first to discriminate spurious motion detections assuming that these signals do not resemble the patterns of real motion detections and, second to reduce the dynamics of messages by a sensor signal processing in order to compress the whole information in one single event. The middleware achieves power saving by modifying the raw information from sensors and adapting it to the predefined semantic of the reasoning layer. It manages the important task of data processing from sensors (raw information), and transfers the pre-processed information into the top layer of reasoning in a more energy efficient way. We also address the trade-off between reducing power consumption and reducing delay for incoming data. We present results from experiments using our implementation of these mechanisms at the middleware that comprises from node firmware to the PC driver. The number of messages of the proposed method with respect to the raw data is reduced by approximately 98.5%. The resources used in the PIR signal processing is reduced by approximately 85%. The resulting delay introduced is small (10–19 s) but system dynamics is slow enough to avoid contextualisation errors or reduction of system performance. We consider these results as very satisfactory.     

低功耗无线传感器网络

全球对＂绿色＂科技和能源使用效率的需求推动着新一代超低功耗无线网络的发展。这种新一代网络正在不断发展以用于工业和控制应用中基于传感器的远程系统;此外,它也促使更多应用更好地使用无须任何网络电缆或电源线的真正无线解决方案。     

Co-operative beam forming selection with energy balanced operation for wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - To make the network more reliable and to address energy imbalance issues the cooperative selection of dynamic relay beamforming and energy balanced operation is proposed....     

An efficient energy consumption model using data aggregation for wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in recent years. Small and low-power sensor nodes make up these sensor networks. A random distribution of nodes is made throughout an unmanaged target region. One of WSN's key challenges is its limited and irreplaceable energy supply. In most situations, sensor nodes cannot be replaced since they operate in a hostile physical environment. The act of gathering and aggregating usable data from different sensor nodes situated to perceive almost the same attribute of the occurrence is known as data aggregation. The mathematical model is used in this research study to generate cluster-based data aggregation, which is an effective technique to increase energy usage by minimising the number of data transfers. The proposed mathematical model-based data aggregation (MM-DA) attains a 97% packet delivery ratio with minimal energy consumption. The MM-DA outperforms other existing approaches in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumption (EC), network lifetime and control overhead.     

浅谈无线传感器网络

要做到目视千里,耳听八方是人类长久的梦想,现代卫星技术的出现虽然使人们离这目标又进了一步,但卫星高高在上,洞察全局在行,明察细微就不管用了。这个时候,本文的主角一无线传感器网络就排上用场了。将大量的传感器节点遍撒指定区域,数据通过无线电波传回监控中心,监控区域内的所有信息就会尽收观察者的眼中了。     

多总线控制的无线传感器网络

为了实现传感器节点之间无线通信并组网,开发了一种将各多总线器件集成到一起进行无线温、湿度测量的网络系统.系统各节点主要包括由SPI总线控制的无线射频器件QRF-0400,I~2C总线控制的硬时钟器件PCF8563,以及单总线控制的温、湿度传感器等.节点通过无线射频器件将传感器采集的温、湿度实时传递到监控主机,工作结束自动进入睡眠模式以降低节点功率,延长工作寿命.实验表明,节点在80m范围内自动组网并采集周边环境的温、湿度,误差低于0.01°.     

A proposal of a wireless sensor network routing protocol

This paper presents a proposal of a routing protocol to Wireless Sensor Networks, called SHRP (Simple Hierarchical Routing Protocol), whose primary objective is to save battery energy. SHRP also provides both reliability and a load balance solution. As a novel proposal, it is a proactive protocol that chooses efficient routes, by selecting just the nodes that can contribute to extend the network lifetime. In addition this protocol is also able to inform to a central point about any possible disconnection caused by a reduction of battery power or a long interference period. The data defined by SHRP protocol can be aggregated during the sending and forwarding tasks. Redundant data are not sent, which contributes to energy saving. This protocol uses the IEEE 802.15.4 under of CC2420 radio chips and it has been implemented on TinyOS operation system.     

无线传感器网络协议探究

随着物联网技术的深入发展,无线传感器网络的应用也越来越广泛.然而,无线传感器网络的技术还有待进一步的发展,也促使人们对于无线传感器网络协议的深入探究.本文针对无线传感器网络协议的网络层协议和MAC层协议的分类做了详细的描述和总结,为后续人们进一步研究做好铺垫.     

An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption

Wireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.

     

Cluster head selection for energy efficient and delay-less routing in wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is comprised of tiny, cheap and power-efficient sensor nodes which effectively transmit data to the base station. The main challenge of WSN is the distance, energy and time delay. The power resource of the sensor node is a non-rechargeable battery. Here the greater the distance between the nodes, higher the energy consumption. For having the effective transmission of data with less energy, the cluster-head approach is used. It is well known that the time delay is directly proportional to the distance between the nodes and the base station. The cluster head is selected in such a way that it is spatially closer enough to the base station as well as the sensor nodes. So, the time delay can be substantially reduced. This, in turn, the transmission speed of the data packets can be increased. Firefly algorithm is developed for maximizing the energy efficiency of network and lifetime of nodes by selecting the cluster head optimally. In this paper firefly with cyclic randomization is proposed for selecting the best cluster head. The network performance is increased in this method when compared to the other conventional algorithms.