基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络路由算法

为了提高无线传感器网络的生存时间,针对当前LEACH算法存在的能量不均衡难题,提出一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络节点路由算法。首先将监测区域看成以基站为中心的扇形区域,并将扇形区域分割成不同大小的弧形方块,每个弧形方块中的节点组成一个簇,根据节点剩余能量产生簇头,然后采用单跳和多跳相结合的簇间通信机制,最后采用仿真实验测试算法的性能。结果表明,本文算法有效提高了网络的能量利用率,能够实现节点之间的能耗均衡,使无线传感器的网络生存时间得到延长,适用于对网络生命周期要求较高的应用。     

NMR inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - This paper presents a naked mole rat (NMR) inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. NMR uses strategic deployment among three types of nodes...     

基于节能策略的无线传感器网络MAC协议

由于无线传感器网络的特殊性,针对其节能问题的媒体访问控制(MAC)协议研究越来越受到人们的关注.首先分析了无线传感器网络中能源损耗的原因,接着对近年来典型的基于节能策略的无线传感器网络MAC协议进行了分析总结,并综合其它性能指标比较了协议性能,最后提出了一些未来的研究方向.     

WSN中最小代价前向协议的研究与改进

对无线传感器网络（WSN）中的最小代价前向协议进行了研究，通过引入随机选择和数据融合功能改进原有协议。用跳数作为代价分析了改进后的协议性能，并进行计算机仿真，结果表明改进后的协议具有更低的网络负荷和更长的生命周期。     

An energy efficient middleware for an ad-hoc AAL wireless sensor network

DIA (Dispositivo Inteligente de Alarma, in Spanish) is an AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) system that allows to infer a potential dangerous action of an elderly person living alone at home. This inference is obtained by a specific sensorisation with sensor nodes (portables and fixes) and a reasoning layer embedded in a PC that learns of the users behaviour patterns and advices when actual one differs significantly of the normal patterns. In AAL systems, energy is a limited resource therefore sensor devices need to be properly managed to conserve energy. In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of innovative and specific mechanisms at the sensory layer middleware which is capable of, first to discriminate spurious motion detections assuming that these signals do not resemble the patterns of real motion detections and, second to reduce the dynamics of messages by a sensor signal processing in order to compress the whole information in one single event. The middleware achieves power saving by modifying the raw information from sensors and adapting it to the predefined semantic of the reasoning layer. It manages the important task of data processing from sensors (raw information), and transfers the pre-processed information into the top layer of reasoning in a more energy efficient way. We also address the trade-off between reducing power consumption and reducing delay for incoming data. We present results from experiments using our implementation of these mechanisms at the middleware that comprises from node firmware to the PC driver. The number of messages of the proposed method with respect to the raw data is reduced by approximately 98.5%. The resources used in the PIR signal processing is reduced by approximately 85%. The resulting delay introduced is small (10–19 s) but system dynamics is slow enough to avoid contextualisation errors or reduction of system performance. We consider these results as very satisfactory.     

低功耗无线传感器网络

全球对＂绿色＂科技和能源使用效率的需求推动着新一代超低功耗无线网络的发展。这种新一代网络正在不断发展以用于工业和控制应用中基于传感器的远程系统;此外,它也促使更多应用更好地使用无须任何网络电缆或电源线的真正无线解决方案。     

Co-operative beam forming selection with energy balanced operation for wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - To make the network more reliable and to address energy imbalance issues the cooperative selection of dynamic relay beamforming and energy balanced operation is proposed....     

浅谈无线传感器网络

要做到目视千里,耳听八方是人类长久的梦想,现代卫星技术的出现虽然使人们离这目标又进了一步,但卫星高高在上,洞察全局在行,明察细微就不管用了。这个时候,本文的主角一无线传感器网络就排上用场了。将大量的传感器节点遍撒指定区域,数据通过无线电波传回监控中心,监控区域内的所有信息就会尽收观察者的眼中了。     

A proposal of a wireless sensor network routing protocol

This paper presents a proposal of a routing protocol to Wireless Sensor Networks, called SHRP (Simple Hierarchical Routing Protocol), whose primary objective is to save battery energy. SHRP also provides both reliability and a load balance solution. As a novel proposal, it is a proactive protocol that chooses efficient routes, by selecting just the nodes that can contribute to extend the network lifetime. In addition this protocol is also able to inform to a central point about any possible disconnection caused by a reduction of battery power or a long interference period. The data defined by SHRP protocol can be aggregated during the sending and forwarding tasks. Redundant data are not sent, which contributes to energy saving. This protocol uses the IEEE 802.15.4 under of CC2420 radio chips and it has been implemented on TinyOS operation system.     

Routing in mobile wireless sensor network: a survey

The Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is an emerging technology with significant applications. The MWSN allows the sensor nodes to move freely and they are able to communicate with each other without the need for a fixed infrastructure. These networks are capable of out-performing static wireless sensor networks as they tend to increase the network lifetime, reduce the power consumption, provide more channel capacity and perform better targeting. Usually routing process in a mobile network is very complex and it becomes even more complicated in MWSN as the sensor nodes are low power, cost effective mobile devices with minimum resources. Recent research works have led to the design of many efficient routing protocols for MWSN but still there are many unresolved problems like retaining the network connectivity, reducing the energy cost, maintaining adequate sensing coverage etc. This paper addresses the various issues in routing and presents the state of the art routing protocols in MWSN. The routing protocols are categorized based on their network structure, state of information, energy efficiency and mobility. The classification presented here summarizes the main features of many published proposals in the literature for efficient routing in MWSN and also gives an insight into the enhancements that can be done to improve the existing routing protocols.     

Game theory based distributed energy efficient access point selection for wireless sensor network

In this paper, the distributed energy consumption optimization of sensors in wireless sensor network (WSN) is studied. The access point selection for sensors is critical to the energy consumption because of the limited scope of wireless communication. Due to the high complexity of the central optimization, the desired approach of optimization is the distributed one with lower computation complexity. A game model is proposed for the energy efficient AP selection problem, which is proved to be an exact potential game. Also, a distributed learning algorithm is proposed to achieve the globally optimum in a distributed manner. Simulation results show that the proposed would improve the energy efficiency in the WSN.     

能量高效利用的动态节点选择传感网路由算法

无线传感网中由于节点具有有限的能量,因此需最大化它们的网络生存期。在网络生存期问题中,所有节点都在发送广播信息,同时请求中继节点集。选择包含一个主节点的动态中继集是一种特殊情况,在一般性设置中它提供了最优生存期的下界。文中提供了一个基于动态主节点选择算法的初步分析,该分析比较了转播和直接路由。通过仿真结果表明,初始电池不均匀分布及几何设置时,最优主节点选择算法优于直接传输算法;均匀分布情况下,直接传输算法优于最优主节点选择算法。     

An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption

Wireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.

     

Cluster head selection for energy efficient and delay-less routing in wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is comprised of tiny, cheap and power-efficient sensor nodes which effectively transmit data to the base station. The main challenge of WSN is the distance, energy and time delay. The power resource of the sensor node is a non-rechargeable battery. Here the greater the distance between the nodes, higher the energy consumption. For having the effective transmission of data with less energy, the cluster-head approach is used. It is well known that the time delay is directly proportional to the distance between the nodes and the base station. The cluster head is selected in such a way that it is spatially closer enough to the base station as well as the sensor nodes. So, the time delay can be substantially reduced. This, in turn, the transmission speed of the data packets can be increased. Firefly algorithm is developed for maximizing the energy efficiency of network and lifetime of nodes by selecting the cluster head optimally. In this paper firefly with cyclic randomization is proposed for selecting the best cluster head. The network performance is increased in this method when compared to the other conventional algorithms.

     

Developing wireless sensor network applications in a virtual environment

We describe our “holistic” platform for developing wireless ad hoc sensor networks and focus on its most representative and essential virtualization component: VUE² (the Virtual Underlay Emulation Engine). Its role is to provide a vehicle for the authoritative emulation of complete networked applications before physically deploying any wireless nodes. The goal is to be able to verify those applications exhaustively before programming the hardware, such that no further (field) tests are necessary. We explain how VUE² achieves this goal owing to several facilitating factors, most notably the powerful programming paradigm that our platform adopts. As implied by the holistic nature of the discussed system, our work touches upon operating systems, simulation, network protocols, real-time systems, and programming methodology.     

一种姿态自校正无线网络地震传感器的设计

针对复杂的地理环境中地震数据采集多采用分布式无线采集系统,但是地震传感器布排的随机性和不确定性对地震波数据的采集有很大影响的问题。提出一种对加速度传感器姿态自校正的方法,其能够消除传感器安装位置的影响,提高地震数据质量。以C8051F020主控制器为核心,利用MEMS传感器模块采集地震波数据,通过Xbee-Pro无线射频模块实现无线数据传播,设计一种无线网络地震传感器系统。结果表明,该系统能够实现无线数据采集并对采集到的数据进行姿态校正,对复杂环境下地震波数据采集领域具有广泛的应用价值。