煤转化过程中汞的释放及其脱除

概述了燃煤烟气中汞的形态分布,重点介绍了吸附法、设备除汞法和化学氧化法等燃煤烟气中汞脱除技术;同时,对煤热解、气化过程中汞的释放量进行了分析。通过分析可知:活性炭吸附法是目前最为成熟的一种脱汞方法,包括活性炭法、改性活性炭法和活性炭纤维法等;在煤热转化过程中,产生的H_2S气体对氧化铁吸附剂的脱汞效率起着非常重要的作用。煤热解、气化过程中,将汞排放控制技术与硫化物的脱除技术相结合的脱汞方法,具有更好的应用前景。     

氯元素对燃煤烟气脱汞的影响研究进展

燃煤电厂是最主要的人为汞排放污染源,氯元素对汞的形态转化及脱除率有非常重要的影响。本文概述了燃煤电厂汞的释放特性和现有控制技术,从氯元素作为烟气组分、活性炭改性物以及燃料添加剂这3个方面详细阐述了氯对汞排放控制的影响。首先氯化氢作为烟气组分,对单质汞向氧化态汞的形态转化有促进作用,这有利于现有除尘、脱硫装置对烟气汞的脱除。含氯化合物改性活性炭吸附剂时,物理吸附和化学吸附同时存在,这能有效提高吸附剂对汞的吸附性能。氯化物作为燃煤添加剂也能有效促进烟气汞的氧化和脱除,其中氯元素在湿法脱硫废水中富集,如何把其利用到烟气汞的脱除对开发高效脱汞技术有重要的意义。同时,比较了以上3种氯添加方案的优缺点。最后指出,深入研究氯元素对汞作用机理是今后的研究方向。     

燃煤烟气中汞去除的研究进展

燃煤电厂是最主要的汞排放源,本文介绍了电厂燃煤过程中汞的存在形态及影响汞去除率的主要因素;通过介绍燃煤电厂的基本烟气净化流程,指出利用现有烟气净化设备协同除汞的可行性;并较为详细地论述了各种汞排放控制技术的研究进展,同时对烟气脱汞技术的研究趋势进行了展望。     

燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝脱汞技术研究现状

文章介绍了三大类燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝脱汞技术,即高能辐射、活性炭以及烟气流化床技术。对其反应原理和工艺特点进行了论述,对比了三种技术在脱硫脱硝脱汞方面的研究进展和发展潜力,最后根据各方法的优缺点及我国燃煤烟气污染现状提出了对今后烟气治理工作的建议。     

燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的研究进展

烟气脱汞主要是先将零价汞氧化为二价汞,再进行脱除。脱汞吸附剂主要包括活性炭、活性焦、飞灰、壳聚糖、粘土、SCR催化剂及其它金属催化荆等。介绍了近年来燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的研究进展,简述了不同种类脱汞吸附剂的脱汞效率,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

燃煤烟气脱汞技术的研究进展

燃煤烟气汞污染近些年来被世界公认为又一大污染问题,本文较为详细地论述了汞排放控制技术现状及研究进展.目前有多种在研的汞控制技术,其中湿法洗涤和烟气中喷入活性炭吸附荆方式等较有发展潜力,但现在还没有一种适用性强的技术可广泛推广.最后介绍了烟气脱汞的一些新技术,并对脱汞技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

燃煤锅炉烟气汞污染控制技术浅析

燃煤电厂汞污染问题严重,已经成为国际最为关注的环境问题之一。分析燃煤烟气中汞的存在形态,利用现有的污染控制设备以提高汞的脱除效率。     

燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的研究

介绍了各种新型吸附剂的研究状况,主要包括壳聚糖、污泥、分子筛、竹炭、稻壳焦、煤焦、SCR几种吸附剂的制备方法、吸附性能和吸附机理,介绍了吸附材料的优缺点,并在最后展望了燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的进展。     

燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的研究

介绍了各种新型吸附剂的研究状况,主要包括壳聚糖、污泥、分子筛、竹炭、稻壳焦、煤焦、SCR几种吸附剂的制备方法、吸附性能和吸附机理,介绍了吸附材料的优缺点,并在最后展望了燃煤烟气脱汞吸附剂的进展。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱汞技术概述

烟气中的汞一般以零价元素汞Hg0和二价汞Hg2+形态存在,Hg0和Hg2+之间的比率与烟气的成分、煤种、未燃碳含量、催化剂等有关。本文就燃煤电厂烟气脱汞技术及适用性进行分析和研究。     

Impact of calcium chloride addition on mercury transformations and control in coal flue gas

Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate mercury transformations in coal flue gas when firing subbituminous coal with a CaCl₂ additive. Cofiring the CaCl₂ additive with the subbituminous coal resulted in approximately 50% oxidized mercury, as a result of reactive chlorine species formed in coal flue gas, compared to the dominance of elemental mercury in the baseline flue gas. The mercury data indicate that mercury-flue gas chemistry reactions may occur at fairly high temperatures (>400 °C) in chlorine-enriched flue gas. Field tests were conducted to further demonstrate the impact of cofiring CaCl₂ on the eventual fate of mercury. These tests were completed on a 650-MW subbituminous coal-fired power plant equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a fabric filter (FF), and a wet scrubber. Overall mercury removals across the SCR-FF-wet scrubber system ranged from 75% to 96% with 200-800 ppm (coal basis) chlorine addition compared to 18-32% during baseline operations. Field data indicate that the SCR enhanced mercury oxidation, possibly as a result of the supplemental formation of reactive chlorine species and the aid of the SCR catalyst. As a result, most of the mercury in the flue gas was in an oxidized state and was removed in the downstream wet scrubber, indicating that cofiring CaCl₂ is an effective mercury control approach for a subbituminous coal-fired plant equipped with an SCR and wet scrubber.     

高纯盐酸生产过程中氯气系统的改进

介绍了高纯盐酸生产过程中氯气系统存在的问题并提出了相应的改进措施。     

玻璃纤维窑炉烟气脱硫除尘技术的研究

针对目前玻璃纤维窑炉烟气成分的特点,提出半干法脱硫除尘技术——循环流化床脱硫塔+布袋除尘器。经工程实践运行监测,该综合治理技术脱硫效率≥90%,除尘效率≥99%,系统运行可靠性高,投资费用低,运行费用低。     

高汞煤燃烧过程中汞的析出规律试验研究

针对3种中国典型的高汞煤,利用马弗炉和管式试验炉进行了燃烧温度、燃烧时间等条件因素影响燃煤汞的析出及形态迁移转化的试验研究。研究表明,燃烧条件下加热时间对典型高汞煤中汞的析出率的影响不明显;高汞煤燃烧后,煤中汞在很短时间内即以气态方式进入烟气,并主要以二价汞(Hg2 )和零价汞(Hg0)形式存在,其形态分布与燃烧温度和煤种有关;随着燃烧温度的升高,烟气中的二价汞含量有逐渐升高和零价汞含量逐渐降低的趋势。     

浮法玻璃窑烟气治理技术探讨

在对平板玻璃行业的烟气污染物的分析基础上,探讨了几种脱硫和脱硝工艺及技术应用。     

Heterogeneous oxidation of mercury in simulated post combustion conditions

Heterogeneous mercury oxidation was studied by exposing whole fly ash samples and magnetic, nonmagnetic, and size-classified fly ash fractions to elemental mercury vapor in simulated flue gas streams. Fly ash from sub-bituminous Wyodak-Anderson PRB coal and bituminous Blacksville coal were used. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, and BET N₂ isothermal sorption analyses were performed to characterize the fly ash samples. Mercury speciation downstream from the ash was determined using the Ontario Hydro method. Results showed that the presence of fly ash was critical for mercury oxidation, and the surface area of the ash appears to be an important parameter. However, for a given fly ash, there were generally no major differences in catalytic oxidation potential between different fly ash fractions. This includes fractions enriched in unburned carbon and iron oxides. The presence of NO₂, HCl, and SO₂ resulted in greater levels of mercury oxidation, while NO inhibited mercury oxidation. The gas matrix affected mercury oxidation more than the fly ash composition.     

远距离输送过程中氯气的防液化措施

采用电伴热方式解决氯气在低温环境、远距离输送过程中的液化问题。     

氯气系统工艺改造总结

对原有氯气干燥系统进行了改造，使氯气含水和硫酸消耗降低，液氯质量提高，减少了系统腐蚀，结垢和堵塞现象。     

Effect of MgO addition to upgraded brown coal on ash-deposition behavior during combustion

The objectives of this study were the evaluation of the effect of MgO addition to coal on the reduction of ash deposition during upgraded brown coal (UBC) combustion, and the elucidation of the mechanisms of the reduction of ash deposition. The melting temperature of UBC ash is 1494 K, which is lower than that of bituminous coal ash. Before the actual ash-deposition experiments, the molten slag fraction in the UBC ash was estimated by means of chemical equilibrium calculations for various mixing mass ratios of MgO to coal ash. The simulation results indicate that MgO addition plays a role in decreasing the molten slag fraction. It was confirmed that Mg formed solid composites with Si, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mn, and played a role in decreasing the molten slag fraction in the ash on the tube. As a next step, ash-deposition tests were conducted using a pilot-scale pulverized coal combustion furnace equipped with a refractory wall. The results showed that MgO addition contributed to decreasing the rate of ash deposition even for UBC. These calculations and experimental results suggested that one of the reduction mechanisms due to MgO addition involved the production of solid-phase aluminosilicates.     

湿法脱硫废水的处理与调试

简述了湿法烟气脱硫废水的特性、处理原理及调试方法;对石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水的形成以及各种污染物做了详细分析,并就废水在各反应池的停留时间、投药量、污泥的排放控制等主要因素对处理效果的影响、及工艺控制过程和最终处理结果进行了讨论。经工艺调试后,脱硫废水处理系统目前已正常投入并运行稳定,各项排放指标均符合标准要求。