基于后悔值准则的个性化产品鲁棒调度

个性化产品的生产过程具有非重复性,致使工序的加工时间不确定且难以估计其概率信息。因此,传统的确定调度和随机调度方法不再适用。采用最小化最大后悔值的鲁棒优化方法,研究变速平行机加工环境下个性化产品的生产调度问题。首先,采用区间情景描述不确定的加工时间,构建基于后悔值准则的个性化产品鲁棒调度模型;其次,证明任意调度方案带来的最大后悔值可通过求解一个指派问题得到;然后,提出基于混合整数规划和迭代松弛过程的两种精确算法获取最优解;最后,通过仿真实验评估两种精确算法的有效性,结果表明基于混合整数规划的精确算法明显优于迭代松弛算法,并且可以快速求解中小规模的调度问题。     

基于多目标贪心策略的增益最大化团队构建算法

研究了满足一定约束条件的协同作业团队的构建。针对传统构建忽略了团队成员在协作过程中个体技能可增加这一因素,提出了团队构建的统一优化目标函数问题,并在综合考虑协同作业任务所需技能集合覆盖约束和团队成员之间交流代价最小化约束的基础上,引入了团队成员增益最大化约束。针对该多目标优化问题,提出了3种基于贪心策略的启发式团队构建算法,即基于最小集合覆盖贪心策略的团队构建算法——贪心集覆盖算法(GSCA)、基于团队增益最大化贪心策略的团队构建算法——贪婪团队增益算法(GTGA)和基于多路径(MR)贪心策略的团队构建算法——MRGTGA。大量实验证明,GSCA较适用于交流代价极高的远程协作环境,MRGTGA较适用于对算法运行效率要求不高、但对整体增益最大化要求极高的场景,GTGA构建的团队整体增益值接近精确解(其值达到暴力枚举算法的96.70%),同时该算法运行效率极高(其计算时间接近GSCA)。     

基于贪心EM算法的HMRF遥感影像变化检测

提出一种基于贪心EM算法的HMRF遥感影像变化检测算法.该算法采取PCA与差值法相结合的方式来构造差分影像.首先,采用隐马尔可夫随机场( Hidden Markov Random Field,HMRF)模型描述空间上下文信息,并构造系统能量函数;然后,利用贪心EM算法克服EM算法假定混合成分数为已知、迭代结果过分依赖初...     

基于绿色生产的混合流水车间调度问题研究

针对绿色可持续发展问题,通过量化绿色指标评价方法,构建最小化最大完工时间、碳排放和噪声的多目标混合流水车间调度模型,并提出一种混合离散多目标帝国竞争算法(hybrid discrete multi-objective imperial competition algorithm,HDMICA)对模型进行求解。采用基于混沌反向学习策略的种群初始化方式提高初始化种群的多样性;基于本文模型设计3种有效的局部搜索策略以提升算法局部搜索能力;通过实验验证所提算法的有效性及优越性。     

金属材料在冲击荷载下局部变形的数值模拟及分析

高应变率载荷作用下金属材料的变形集中于很窄的区域内,即剪切变形局部化。局部化变形带内产生严重的塑性变形,削弱材料的承载能力,甚至导致材料断裂破坏。基于有限元分析软件FEAP(Finite Element Analysis Program),采用混合有限元方法,用Fortran语言编译适用于金属材料在高应变率下的剪切局部化问题的新单元;计算过程中采用与应变、应变率及温度相关的塑性本构关系来描述剪切带现象,同时在能量平衡方程中考虑剪切带形成过程中的热传导作用;同时考虑显式算法与隐式算法的时间离散方法,并将两种算法的结果进行对比。结果表明,虽然剪切带形成过程很短,一般为微秒量级,但剪切带形成过程中的热扩散项与塑性变形产生的热能量级相同,有效地缓解剪切带模拟的网格敏感性;对于金属材料热塑性剪切带问题,为了满足计算精度要求,显式算法需要的时间步太小,计算成本比隐式迭代高很多;而基于该单元采用隐式算法模拟热塑性剪切带问题迭代收敛稳定,计算精度高,且因为考虑了热传导作用,网格敏感性小。     

混合花朵授粉算法在作业车间调度中的应用

对最大完工时间最短的作业车间调度问题进行了研究,总结了当前求解作业车间调度问题的研究现状,提出一种花朵授粉算法与遗传算法的混合算法。混合算法以花朵授粉算法为基础,重新定义其全局搜索和局部搜索迭代公式,在同化操作过程中融入遗传算法的选择、优先交叉和变异操作,进一步增强算法的勘探能力。通过26个经典的基准算例仿真实验,并与近5年的其他算法比较,结果表明所提算法在求解作业车间调度问题具有一定优势。     

基于IHHO算法的光伏电池工程模型的参数辨识

针对HHO算法存在搜索过程调整不够灵活,不能针对性地进行阶段性搜索,有时会陷入局部最优使算法搜索精度相对较差等问题,提出了一种基于改进哈里斯鹰优化(IHHO)算法的参数辨识方法.对HHO算法进行了两项改进:引人柔性递减策略,在迭代初期扩大全局搜索范围,在迭代后期延长局部搜索时间,从而加强了初期的全局搜索能力和后期的局部...     

多类型现金的押运路线问题

以现金物流为研究背景,提出了一种基于在途风险的多类型现金的押运路线优化问题,以新币配送均衡、旧币回收和在途风险减少为优化目标,建立了相应的混合整数规划模型,并设计了一种混合禁忌搜索算法进行求解,其中禁忌搜索算法用以确定路线决策,嵌入的精确算法、贪心算法和混合贪心算法用以确定新币配送决策、旧币回收决策和风险决策。数值实验对问题特性和算法性能进行了分析,结果表明:(1)新币券别均衡优化和旧币回收导致在途风险增加;(2)混合禁忌搜索算法能求解更大规模的问题,并得到较好的解,嵌入算法很好地平衡了运行时间和求解质量。     

基于TSP的改进差分进化算法

针对TSP问题,提出一种改进的差分进化算法:利用贪心算法产生初始种群,定义特有的编码匹配函数进行变异操作,排序法修复变异个体,并采用顺序交叉,在变异操作之后,加入新的选择机制,防止交叉操作破坏变异出的优良个体,实验结果表明改进后的差分进化算法能够高效地解决TSP问题,体现良好的优化性能。     

基于改进遗传算法的铸造造型任务批调度模型

以单件小批量生产模式为主导的铸造生产具有订单种类多样、产品制造周期长、车间自动化程度低等现象,针对铸造企业客户订单多材质、铸件产品多类别以及造型熔炼多约束的特点,建立了一个以造型任务总完工时间最小的铸造造型任务批调度模型,并提出了一种改进的遗传算法对模型进行求解。算法设计了一种基于单件与砂箱类型的双层编码方案,在初始化阶段通过结合批首次匹配(BFF)规则进行分批,以提高初始种群的质量,在迭代阶段设计了一种基于批次交换的局部搜索方法,以避免算法陷入局部次优解。最后通过对某铸造企业的实际生产数据进行案例分析,验证了所提模型的有效性和算法的优越性。     

Hybrid flowshop scheduling with family setup time and inconsistent family formation

This research considers a hybrid flowshop scheduling problem where jobs are organised in families according to their machine settings and tools. The family setup time arises when a machine shifts from processing one job family to another. The problem is compounded by the challenges that the formation of job families is different in different stages and only a limited number of jobs can be processed within one setup. This type of problem is common in the production process of standard metal components. This paper aims to propose two approaches to solve this problem. One is a metaheuristic in the form of a genetic algorithm and the other is a heuristic. The proposed approaches are compared and contrasted against the two relevant metaheuristic and heuristic adapted from solving a generalised sequence-dependent setup flowshop problem. Comparative results indicate that the proposed genetic algorithm has better performance on minimising makespan and the heuristic is more effective on reducing family setup time.     

Hybrid algorithm based on improved extended shifting bottleneck procedure and GA for assembly job shop scheduling problem

With the makespan as the optimisation goal, we propose a hybrid solving method that combines improved extended shifting bottleneck procedure (i-ESB) and genetic algorithm (GA) for the assembly job shop scheduling problem (AJSSP). Hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) uses a GA based on operation constraint chain coding to achieve global search and a local search based on an i-ESB. In the design of i-ESB, an extended disjunctive graph model (EDG) corresponding to AJSSP is presented. The calculation method of the operation head and tail length based on EDG is studied, as well as the searching method of key operations. The Schrage algorithm with disturbance is used to solve the single-machine scheduling subproblem. The selection criterion for bottleneck machines is increased. A greedy bottleneck machine re-optimisation process is designed. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified by testing and analysing the relevant examples in the literature.     

Parallel machine scheduling with step-deteriorating jobs and setup times by a hybrid discrete cuckoo search algorithm

This article considers the parallel machine scheduling problem with step-deteriorating jobs and sequence-dependent setup times. The objective is to minimize the total tardiness by determining the allocation and sequence of jobs on identical parallel machines. In this problem, the processing time of each job is a step function dependent upon its starting time. An individual extended time is penalized when the starting time of a job is later than a specific deterioration date. The possibility of deterioration of a job makes the parallel machine scheduling problem more challenging than ordinary ones. A mixed integer programming model for the optimal solution is derived. Due to its NP-hard nature, a hybrid discrete cuckoo search algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In order to generate a good initial swarm, a modified Biskup–Hermann–Gupta (BHG) heuristic called MBHG is incorporated into the population initialization. Several discrete operators are proposed in the random walk of Lévy flights and the crossover search. Moreover, a local search procedure based on variable neighbourhood descent is integrated into the algorithm as a hybrid strategy in order to improve the quality of elite solutions. Computational experiments are executed on two sets of randomly generated test instances. The results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm can yield better solutions in comparison with the commercial solver CPLEX^® with a one hour time limit, the discrete cuckoo search algorithm and the existing variable neighbourhood search algorithm.     

Ant colony optimisation algorithms for two-stage permutation flow shop with batch processing machines and nonidentical job sizes

This paper focuses on minimising the maximum completion time for the two-stage permutation flow shop scheduling problem with batch processing machines and nonidentical job sizes by considering blocking, arbitrary release times, and fixed setup and cleaning times. Two hybrid ant colony optimisation algorithms, one based on job sequencing (JHACO) and the other based on batch sequencing (BHACO), are proposed to solve this problem. First, max-min pheromone restriction rules and a local optimisation rule are embedded into JHACO and BHACO, respectively, to avoid trapping in local optima. Then, an effective lower bound is estimated to evaluate the performances of the different algorithms. Finally, the Taguchi method is adopted to investigate and optimise the parameters for JHACO and BHACO. The performances of the proposed algorithms are compared with that of CPLEX on small-scale instances and those of a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) and a hybrid discrete differential evolution (HDDE) algorithm on full-scale instances. The computational results demonstrate that BHACO outperforms JHACO, HDDE and HGA in terms of solution quality. Besides, JHACO strikes a balance between solution quality and run time.     

Effective hybrid genetic algorithm for minimizing makespan on a single-batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes

The paper addresses minimizing makespan by a genetic algorithm (GA) for scheduling jobs with non-identical sizes on a single-batch-processing machine. A batch-processing machine can process up to B jobs simultaneously. The processing time of a batch is equal to the longest processing time among all jobs in the batch. Two different GAs are proposed based on different encoding schemes. The first is a sequence-based GA (SGA) that generates random sequences of jobs using GA operators and applies the batch first fit heuristic to group the jobs. The second is a batch-based hybrid GA (BHGA) that generates random batches of jobs using GA operators and ensures feasibility by using knowledge of the problem based on a heuristic procedure. A greedy local search heuristic based on the problem characteristics is hybridized with a BHGA that has the ability of steering efficiently the search toward the optimal or near-optimal schedules. The performance of proposed GAs is compared with a simulated annealing (SA) approach proposed by Melouk et al. (Melouk, S., Damodaran, P. and Chang, P.Y., Minimizing makespan for single machine batch processing with non-identical job sizes using simulated annealing. Int. J. Prod. Econ., 2004, 87, 141–147) and also against a modified lower bound proposed for the problem. Computational results show that BHGA performs considerably well compared with the modified lower bound and significantly outperforms the SGA and SA in terms of both quality of solutions and required runtimes.     

考虑生产过程时间的柔性作业车间调度优化

通过研究生产过程时间,重新细分和定义等待时间,建立包括运输时间、调整时间、故障时间、等待时间、加工时间在内的柔性作业车间生产过程的时间模型,研究了柔性作业车间调度优化问题并设计了混合遗传算法的求解算法。最后,采用经典柔性作业车间调度用例,验证和对比了柔性作业车间调度的结果。结果表明,基于生产过程时间模型研究柔性作业车间调度问题,其优化性能有较好的改进,具有更好的实际应用价值。     

Scheduling job shop problems with sequence-dependent setup times

In this work we consider job shop problems where the setup times are sequence dependent under minimisation of the maximum completion time or makespan. We present a genetic algorithm to solve the problem. The genetic algorithm is hybridised with a diversification mechanism, namely the restart phase, and a simple form of local search to enrich the algorithm. Various operators and parameters of the genetic algorithm are reviewed to calibrate the algorithm by means of the Taguchi method. For the evaluation of the proposed hybrid algorithm, it is compared against existing algorithms through a benchmark. All the results demonstrate that our hybrid genetic algorithm is very effective for the problem.     

Bi-objective optimisation for integrated scheduling of single machine with setup times and preventive maintenance planning

This paper deals with an integrated bi-objective optimisation problem for production scheduling and preventive maintenance in a single-machine context with sequence-dependent setup times. To model its increasing failure rate, the time to failure of the machine is subject to Weibull distribution. The two objectives are to minimise the total expected completion time of jobs and to minimise the maximum of expected times of failure of the machine at the same time. During the setup times, preventive maintenance activities are supposed to be performed simultaneously. Due to the assumption of non-preemptive job processing, three resolution policies are adapted to deal with the conflicts arising between job processing and maintenance activities. Two decisions are to be taken at the same time: find the permutation of jobs and determine when to perform the preventive maintenance. To solve this integrated problem, two well-known evolutionary genetic algorithms are compared to find an approximation of the Pareto-optimal front, in terms of standard multi-objective metrics. The results of extensive computational experiments show the promising performance of the adapted algorithms.     

A rework-based dispatching algorithm for module process in TFT-LCD manufacture

This paper presents development of a scheduling methodology for module processing in thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing. The problem is a parallel machine scheduling problem with rework probabilities, sequence-dependent setup times and due dates. It is assumed that rework probability for each job on a machine can be given through historical data acquisition. The dispatching algorithm named GRPD (greedy rework probability with due-dates) is proposed in this paper focusing on the rework processes. The performance of GRPD is measured by the six diagnostic indicators. A large number of test problems are randomly generated to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Computational results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly superior to existing dispatching algorithms for the test problems.     

Production and maintenance integrated planning

This paper introduces an expert system for the planning and management of a multi-product and one-stage production system made up of flexible machines operating in parallel. The following characteristics of the production system were considered: production costs depending on the machine and on the job processed, setups depending on the machine and on the job-processing sequence, preventive maintenance, order portfolio defined by order quantities, release dates and due dates.

The system schedules both production and maintenance at the same time. It pursues three objectives: to meet release and due dates, to minimize the total cost of the plan (sum of the expected maintenance cost, the setup cost and the production cost) and to minimize the total plant utilization time (sum of the total job processing time, the total setup time, the total machine idle time and the total maintenance time).