方形截面纤维表面气溶胶粒子多机理过滤性能数值分析

采用数值方法求解绕方形截面纤维流场,考虑粒子布朗扩散、拦截效应和惯性碰撞捕集机理的联合作用,用布朗动力学方法研究方形截面纤维的过滤性能,考察了纤维迎风角(θ)、填充率(C)和过滤风速(u?)对捕集效率、质量因子及粒子沉积分布的影响。结果表明,小粒子的扩散捕集或大粒子的惯性捕集在方形纤维表面的粒子沉积行为均表现出显著的局部沉积特征,且与粒子捕集机理和迎风角有关。方形纤维质量因子的分析结果表明,在高填充率下,方形纤维的过滤压降虽高于圆截面纤维,但具有较高的捕集效率,综合过滤性能仍明显优于圆截面纤维,但在低填充率下,方形纤维综合过滤性能劣于圆截面纤维。     

不同相对湿度下亲疏水纳米纤维膜空气过滤性能实验研究

利用静电纺丝法制备了表面静态接触角为23.6°的具有亲水功能的PAN/PVP复合纳米纤维膜、接触角为81.2°的PAN纳米纤维膜、接触角为131.9°的具有疏水功能的PAN/PVDF复合纳米纤维膜。利用自行搭建的空气过滤实验台,在40%、55%、70%三种相对湿度下对三种纳米纤维膜进行空气过滤实验,对纳米纤维膜的过滤效率、阻力损失及品质因子进行分析。结果表明：三种纳米纤维膜的过滤效率随着相对湿度的增大而升高,PAN/PVP膜和PAN膜的阻力损失随着相对湿度的增大而增加,PAN/PVDF的阻力损失随着相对湿度的增大而减小;PAN/PVP膜和PAN膜的品质因子随着相对湿度的增大而减小,PAN/PVDF膜的品质因子随着相对湿度的增大而增大,湿度越大,PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜的过滤性能越显著。     

表面改性玄武岩纤维滤料过滤性能研究

针对玄武岩纤维滤料表面改性后在常温及高温条件下过滤性能及表面形态开展研究。结果表明,在常温及高温条件下,滤料均呈现开始阶段过滤透气性好,阻力增加较慢,随着过滤过程的进行,滤料表面粉尘堆积,阻力增加变快的特点。相比于常温过程,过滤初始阶段由于滤料表面及浸渍纤维处理剂挥发消失,粉尘颗粒直接接触滤料表层直至纤维内部,以致滤料阻力增加速度更快,随着过滤过程的进行,阻力增加速度变慢,但过滤效率依然优秀。     

多层复合丝网过滤效率的研究

用于液—固分离的滤材,其过滤速率是影响过滤设备生产效率的一项重要指标,在实际生产中,要提高设备的过滤效率就要研究如何降低滤材对滤液的阻力。对不同过滤精度的烧结网进行了透水和透油试验,从中发现过滤精度与流体阻力之间的关系。丝网滤材透液率和分离液体的粘度和滤材表面浸润性能及两侧的压差有关。     

荷尘状态单纤维过滤压降数值计算与分析

采用Monte Carlo法和Kuwabara单元模型,模拟了单纤维表面粉尘树枝结构的生长过程。在此基础上,考虑邻近粒子对粉尘树枝中单粒子阻力的影响,给出了荷尘状态单纤维过滤压降模拟模型。结果指出,对所有过滤情形,荷尘单纤维过滤压降随沉积量变化呈现两个阶段性特征;过滤风速、粒子大小和粉尘树枝形态结构对荷尘单纤维过滤压降影响显著;而纤维直径对荷尘单纤维过滤压降影响不明显。在获得单纤维过滤压降随沉积量变化关系后,求解了粒子在模型过滤器中的质量分布,建立了荷尘纤维过滤器过滤压降预测模型,并将模型计算结果与实验结果作了对比。结果表明,过滤风速在0.01~0.3 m·s^-1范围内时,计算值与实验结果吻合较好,模型可适用于荷尘纤维过滤器的压降预测。     

多级结构静电纺纳米纤维膜在空气过滤领域研究进展

静电纺纳米纤维膜具有纤维直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高等优势,使其在空气过滤领域具有广阔的应用前景。相比特殊结构的纳米纤维膜,常规的静电纺纤维膜堆积密度大、过滤阻力高,增加了在实际使用中的能源消耗。从静电纺纤维膜结构和过滤性能的角度探讨了高效低阻空气过滤纳米纤维膜的构筑,介绍了珠粒、突起和多孔结构纤维膜在空气过滤领域的研究进展,指出了多级结构静电纺纳米纤维膜是高效低阻空气过滤膜的重点研究方向。     

静电纺纳米纤维/串珠纤维在低阻力过滤材料中的应用

利用浓度分别为15%和8%的二醋酸纤维素纺丝液,采用静电纺丝的方法在商业聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)非织造布表面同时复合沉积纳米纤维/串珠纤维混合均匀的纤维膜,并在纤维膜上再覆盖一层PET无纺布,制备了复合过滤材料。研究了纤维形貌对复合过滤材料过滤性能的影响,并分析了复合时间、复合电压和纳米纤维/串珠纤维纺丝液供液比对复合过滤材料过滤性能的影响。结果表明,在纳米纤维中加入串珠纤维有利于在保证过滤效率的前提下降低过滤阻力;随着复合时间的增加,过滤阻力先缓慢增长而后迅速增加,过滤效率则先迅速上升而后缓慢增加;随着复合电压的增加,过滤阻力有所下降而过滤效率变化不大,当复合电压增加到24 k V时,过滤效率得到提升但同时过滤阻力大幅增加;随着串珠纤维含量的增加,过滤效率和阻力总体上呈先下降后增大的趋势。当复合时间为60 min,复合电压为22 k V,纳米/串珠纤维供液比为10∶5时,所制备的复合过滤材料的过滤阻力仅为115 Pa,对0.5μm以上微粒的过滤效率达到96%以上。     

纳米纤维复合材料在污水过滤领域的研究进展

纳米纤维在污水过滤领域是最有发展前途的过滤材料。阐述了静电纺纳米纤维过滤材料对液体的过滤机制,总结了有关静电纺纳米纤维过滤材料对重金属离子和有机污染物及细菌的应用研究现状,简单讨论了纳米复合过滤材料当前存在的问题和挑战,并展望了静电纺纳米纤维过滤材料在污水处理领域的应用。     

恒压操作下深层过滤阻力模型的研究

分析了流体在深层滤床中所受的阻力,从经典的达西公式和科泽尼——卡曼方程着手,推导出清洁滤层的过滤阻力及过滤速度表达式,在此基础上结合深层过滤物理模型,引入微元概念,得到恒压操作下截污滤层的过滤阻力和过滤速度数学模型,明确了过滤阻力随各种参数的变化关系,对恒压操作深层过滤的应用有指导意义。     

基于纤维取向的纳米纤维滤料设计及其性能

通过基于霍夫变换的图像分析法获取静电纺纳米纤维取向分布信息,分析纤维取向对纳米纤维滤料性能的影响,并据此设计制备了中间为杂乱纤维层、两侧为相互垂直的取向纤维层构成的复合纳米纤维膜滤料。采用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜形貌进行观察并获取SEM图像,进行了透气性、拉伸性能、孔径尺寸和过滤性能测试。结果表明,纳米纤维膜纤维分布方向拉伸断裂强度高,纤维取向各向异性比例理论值和实验值相吻合,纤维取向是影响纳米纤维膜力学各向异性的主要参数;取向纳米纤维膜滤料孔径较大且有许多微粒可逃逸的通道,其过滤效率和过滤阻力均较低,与文献中报道的数值模拟结果相一致;所设计制备的复合纳米纤维膜滤料结合了取向纳米纤维膜滤料力学性能优良和杂乱纳米纤维膜滤料过滤效率高的优点,其纵向和横向断裂强度分别为8.85MPa和8.71MPa,气流流速为25L/min时过滤效率高达99.691%。     

3D modeling of filtration process via polyurethane nanofiber based nonwoven filters prepared by electrospinning process

Full 3D particle filtration modeling at low pressures considering slip/transition/free molecular flow regime, particle–fiber interactions, air/particle slip, sieve and homogenous flow field has been performed for the polyurethane nanofiber filter prepared by electrospinning process and the obtained theoretical predictions for the filtration efficiency have been compared with the corresponding experimental data. Moreover, the effect of air velocity, viscosity, temperature, pressure and particle–fiber friction coefficient on the produced polyurethane nanofiber filter efficiency has been investigated in more details. In order to take all real structure features of the nanofiber filter into account (such as varying fiber diameter, curvature along its length, inhomogeneity and mat defects), a new approach for 3D nanofiber mat model construction from corresponding SEM images has been proposed and utilized.     

On the importance of fibers' cross-sectional shape for air filters operating in the slip flow regime

In this paper, we investigate the effects of fibers' cross-sectional shape on the performance of a fibrous filter in the slip and no-slip flow regimes. The slip flow regime is expected to prevail when fiber diameter is comparable in size to the mean free path of the gas molecules (about 65 nm at normal temperatures and pressures), whereas the no-slip flow regime describes the aerodynamic condition of flow through media with large fibers. Our numerical simulations conducted for flow around single fibers with different geometries indicate that, while the collection efficiency is only weakly affected by the cross-sectional shape of nanofibers, the fiber drag (i.e., permeability of the media) can be considerably influenced by the fiber's shape. Simulating the flow field around nano- and microfibers with circular, square, trilobal, and elliptical cross-sections, it was found that the more streamlined the fiber geometry, the lower the fiber drag caused by a nanofiber relative to that generated by its micron-sized counterpart.     

Modeling permeability of 3-D nanofiber media in slip flow regime

Over the last few decades, numerous analytical and/or numerical expressions have been developed for predicting the permeability of a fibrous medium. These expressions, however, are not accurate in predicting the permeability of media made up of nanofibers. This is because the previous expressions were mostly developed for coarse fibers, where using the so-called no-slip velocity boundary condition at the fiber surface is quite justified. Removing the no-slip velocity restriction in this work, we study the effect of slip flow on the permeability of fibrous materials made up of nanofibers. This has been accomplished by generating a large series of 3-D virtual geometries that resemble the microstructure of a nanofiber (e.g., electrospun) material. Stokes flow equations are solved numerically in the void space between the nanofibers, with the slip flow boundary condition developed based on the Maxwell first order model. The influence of fiber diameter and solid volume fraction (SVF) on the media's permeability is studied, and used to establish a correction factor for the existing permeability expressions when used for nanofiber media.     

Computer program for filter media design optimization

This paper presents a computational approach for designing, mixed fiber filter media for depth filtration. The goal is to find an optimum solution, given the range, for a set of design parameters: thickness of the media, diameter of microfiber, and diameter of nanofiber, surface area ratio of nanofiber to microfiber and mass of microfiber. The objective of this work is to develop a software program that can be used as an aid to accelerate filter design and reduce the number of laboratory experiments.This program applies a Genetic Algorithm to search for an optimum filter media design based on quality factor which quantifies the filter performance. A user friendly computer program is developed that provides inputs, outputs and controls to design a filter media. The program provides a starting point for constructing filter media for testing and design for particular applications.     

Filter life comparison of different levels of nanofiber coated cleanable-surface filter for gas turbine

High-efficiency air filtration is a basic requirement for the most cost-effective operation of high-efficiency gas turbines. The filtration system protects the gas turbine from damaging debris. In gas turbine/dust collector applications, higher efficiency filtration could be achieved with nanofibers, which provide higher equipment protection than traditional media. With a nanofiber performance filter layer, the dust accumulates on the surface of the filtration media rather than within the media and could be cleaned off easily with a back pulse resulting in long filter life and a low-operating pressure drop. In this study five type of gas tribune nanofiber coated corrugated cellulose/synthetic filter media were developed. Nanofiber coating was adjusted for five filtration efficiency level, 50 ≤ E < 60, 60 ≤ E < 70, 70 ≤ E < 85, 85 ≤ E < 95 and 95 ≤ E, pore size and filter-life of the developed media were evaluated. One of the developed nanofiber coated media was also compared with two other commercial nanofiber coated gas tribune filter media, a glass fiber type filter media and a commercial fine fiber gas tribune filter media. It was seen that, with decreasing penetration levels due to nanofiber coating level, initial 30 cycle durations of filter life evaluation could reach about 229.9 to 250.7 min. Highest final cycle duration of 188.7 min belonged to cellulose/synthetic blend corrugated filter media with penetration of 13.66%. Nanofiber based surface filter media was cleaned up better than fine fiber media and final 30 cycle sequences were significantly higher. Surface of the nanofiber coated media was smoother when compared to fine fiber media and during the initial and final cycle test dust could not penetrate inside and could not hang to this smooth surface. So, with back pulse cleaning cake releasing have performed easily. It was also seen that, for higher filter life nanofiber coating should be uniform and robust to back pulse cleaning.     

Performance of nanofiber/microfiber hybrid air filter prepared by wet paper processing

High-performance air filters composed of a hybrid structure of nanofiber/microfiber were fabricated using wet paper processing. Two types of nanofibers (NF) with average diameters of 180 and 234?nm were mixed with a suspension of microfibers (11.5 and 11.7?µm) in various mixing fractions. Then, the suspension was filtered to fabricate hybridized fiber sheets with a known nanofiber/microfiber composition. The effects of NF diameter and mixing fraction on the performance of the hybrid filters were experimentally investigated. With increasing NF fraction, both the particle collection efficiency and the pressure drop increased. The quality factor (Q_f) was used to evaluate the performance of the prepared filters. As predicted by the single fiber filtration theory, the experimentally obtained Q_f was almost independent of the mixing fraction of the NF. The collection efficiency and pressure drop of the hybrid filters could be controlled by the NF fraction at the same Q_f. Moreover, the inhomogeneity factor of fiber packing (δ) did not significantly affect Q_f over the δ range from 3 to 23 for our filters. This implies that the lower particle capturing efficiency due to heterogeneous packing could be compensated by a decrease in the pressure drop, resulting in the same Q_f value. Therefore, Q_f for particles smaller than 100?nm, which are in the diffusion-controlled regime, can be increased by reducing the NF diameter.

Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Gas transport properties of electrospun polymer nanofibers

Although the basic principles of gas flow through unidirectional fibers have been widely studied and well understood since the 1950s, questions arise when these principles are applied to electrospun polymer nanofibers. Classic theories based on orderly packed coarse fibers are inadequate in accounting for the influences of random fiber distribution and slip flow. In this work, a mechanistic model in terms of fiber volume fraction and fiber radius is presented to determine the through-plane permeability of electrospun nanofiber layers. The fibrous system is subdivided into a series of cells of orthogonal fibers with random volumes. A single factor is proposed to quantify the effect of randomness of fiber distribution on flow behaviors. When the fiber radius is comparable with the mean free path of air molecules, the slip flows in the nanoscale fibrous media are particularly explored. The solutions obtained are successfully validated through comparison with experimental and numerical results. It is demonstrated that the through-plane permeability of electrospun nanofibers is enhanced by the slip effect and randomly distributed fibers are more permeable than ordered structures.