共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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随着石油工业的发展,石油泄漏事故频发,污染日益严重,使得石油污染成为一个迫切需要解决的世界性问题.与传统的物理、化学修复方法相比,微生物修复由于其经济性和环保性,已经成为修复土壤石油污染的主要方法之一.而在石油污染盐碱土壤中盐碱化改变了土壤的理化性质、抑制了土壤微生物的生长和代谢,已经成为微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的主要难点.因此,石油污染盐碱土壤微生物修复须利用具有耐盐碱能力的石油烃降解菌.综述了石油污染盐碱土壤的现状和危害,耐盐碱石油烃降解菌的筛选,微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的难点、方法及研究进展,并对微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的未来研究方向和应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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为揭示化学氧化法与微生物法联合修复技术在石油污染土壤修复中应用可行性,本研究采用正交实验设计和联合修复实验,以过氧化尿素(UHP)为氧化剂,Fe2+为激活剂,研究了UHP去除石油烃的条件及其与微生物联合修复土壤石油污染物的效果。结果表明,利用UHP氧化土壤中石油烃的最佳条件为:UHP添加质量分数4%、UHP∶Fe2+ (摩尔比)=30∶1及水∶土=3∶2。过氧化尿素氧化法与微生物法联合作用下,石油烃降解率比单一微生物修复法和过氧化尿素氧化修复法分别提高了35.45%~47.26%和3.35%~15.16%。过氧化尿素与微生物的修复顺序优化结果显示,过氧化尿素预氧化联合微生物修复比先进行微生物修复再进行过氧化尿素氧化对土壤中石油烃的降解率提高了11.81%。研究结果证明过氧化尿素联合微生物修复对降解土壤中石油烃污染的可行性。 相似文献
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以典型石油烃正十六烷为特征污染物,采用批次实验研究机械化学处理对模拟石油烃污染土壤的修复效果及影响因素;采用GC/MS分析土壤中正十六烷的降解产物,通过XRD、FTIR、SEM和BET对处理前后土壤样品进行表征,并分析土壤有机碳含量的变化,揭示石油烃污染土壤的机械化学法修复机理。结果表明,在球磨机转速为500r/min,球料比为35∶1,大、中、小钢球配比为2∶5∶3,正十六烷投加量为2.5μL/g时,球磨4h后正十六烷降解率达95.86%。球磨处理过后土壤颗粒表面变粗糙,助磨效果较好的石英含量显著增多。与处理前相比,球磨处理后未检出短链烷烃,表明正十六烷降解较为彻底。土壤有机碳含量和吸附能力显著提高,使得残留低浓度石油烃难以全部去除。机械化学法修复石油烃污染土壤具有快速、高效、彻底等优势,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Boutheina Gargouri Fathi Aloui Sami Sayadi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(2):238-243
BACKROUND: Hydrocarbon contamination of groundwater resources has become a major environmental and human health concern in many parts of the world. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, through either naturally occurring processes or engineered systems, has been successfully used to reduce concentrations of these pollutants. In order to develop an aerobic bioreactor tailored for this purpose, the present study aims to investigate petroleum contaminated wastewater remediation and toxicity reduction by acclimated microbial consortium enriched in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor (CSTR). Characterization and quantification of refinery wastewater components were performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. RESULTS: The petroleum hydrocarbons were significantly degraded (97%) by the microbial consortium. After continuous aerobic treatment in the CSTR, the CODeffluent and BOD5effluent average removals were high reaching 97% and 78%, respectively. Also, strong degradation of C10? C35 n‐alkanes was observed. The concomitant use of GC/MS and FTIR proved to be a useful complementary tool to assess the impact of treatment strategies on hydrocarbon‐contaminated wastewater. In addition, the toxicity of the contaminated wastewater decreased drastically after bioremediation. CONCLUSION: This work shows the ability of this consortium to degrade hydrocarbons and reduce toxicity, which makes them useful candidates for environmental restoration applications at other hydrocarbon‐contaminated environments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为了解油污土壤中石油烃含量测量方法应用效果,分别用微波萃取、索氏萃取、超声萃取、快速溶剂萃取法,对污染样中石油烃类物质进行了萃取措施。并利用红外分光光度法,对石油及副产品污染土壤中石油烃含量进行了测试。得出快速萃取——红外分光光度法萃取率较高,且萃取剂用量少。可以为石油及其副产物污染土壤中石油烃含量的高效、精确测定提供依据。 相似文献
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生物修复一直是石油烃污染场地修复技术的研究热点,已经取得了很多实验和理论认知。但是,现有研究主要集中在中高温环境下,而在实地修复中,生物修复往往要跨越中低温期,此时,无论是土著还是外源微生物的生理特性都将发生改变;由于细胞活力低,这一时期经常在修复过程中被忽视,或是采用缺乏针对性的常规工艺而事倍功半。本文围绕低温生物修复技术,概述了低温石油烃降解微生物的研究现状,重点介绍了长链烷烃、苯及其同系物、多环芳烃三大类典型石油烃的低温代谢机制和主要代谢途径;在此基础上,从脂肪酸的组成、蛋白的低温表达、特殊蛋白的合成以及酶的结构适应性等4个方面,进一步剖析了低温环境下细胞生理生化特性的微观变化,这种低温微生物独有的适冷机制决定了其特有的低温降解特性,并成为低温修复的核心。分析表明,低温期生物修复应该得到足够重视:一方面,充分而合理地利用漫长的低温期,针对性实施低温期受控修复,提高营养盐利用率,可以有效提高生物修复效率;另一方面,深入研究细胞低温代谢和适冷机制有助于指导低温修复手段的实施,将成为切实可行的发展方向。 相似文献
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F. Holzer D. Buchenhorst R. Köhler A. Gaffron H. Weiß F.‐D. Kopinke U. Roland 《化学工程与技术》2013,36(7):1108-1116
In situ radio‐frequency heating (ISRFH) combined with soil vapor extraction was demonstrated at a contaminated field site of a former hydrotreatment plant in Zeitz near Leipzig. The project was carried out in several phases including cold soil vapor extraction for comparison. During the test, a soil volume of about 300 m3 was heated to an average temperature of 54 °C. As expected, the extraction rate for hydrocarbons (especially the main contaminant benzene) was markedly enhanced by soil heating. Furthermore, microbial degradation of organic compounds was supported. Although a total amount of approximately 1.4 t of hydrocarbons was removed from the soil, the demonstration project was not aimed at complete remediation of the site. Conditions limiting the extent of cleanup are discussed in detail and conclusions for an efficient application of ISRFH in soil remediation are derived whereas experiences from other sites are also implied. 相似文献
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石油产品是海洋和陆地上广泛存在的水和土壤污染物。石油污染土壤问题一直受到国内外学者关注。相比于其他修复技术,生物修复是一种很有前途的土壤污染处理技术,微生物易获取,且不存在二次污染,生物修复以其优良的特性逐渐成为研究热点。概述微生物法处理土壤污染的原理、影响因素及修复用微生物特性与驯化研究的进展。 相似文献
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The removal of hydrocarbons from contaminated soil is an essential practice because of environmental concerns, and in order to avoid surface and groundwater contamination. There are different methods applied to remove the hydrocarbons from the soil environment. However, the efficiency of soil remediation depends on several factors, such as the penetration depth of the oil into the soil, the type of oil and polluted soil and the age and degree of contamination. Chemical extraction is one of the approaches employed in handling contaminated sites. Many operations in the petroleum exploration, production and transportation have the potential to affect the environment in different degrees. Leakages from pipelines and stranded oil spills are the major sources of oil‐contamination. If hydrocarbon contamination occurs in the soil, the affected portion of soil must be treated to prevent subsequent pollution of groundwater. In this study, a laboratory investigation of factors affecting the chemical extraction using different solvents was conducted to remove the hydrocarbon from artificially contaminated soil samples in presence of water. Moreover, two different types of crude oil were used to study the effect of oil composition on the removal process. The results have identified large variation in the removal efficiency of the applied solvents, depending mainly on the solvent and the type of oil. The main factors affecting the removal process are presented and investigated. In addition, these results were compared with those of dry soil samples. 相似文献