PU对改善PSF/PU共混超滤膜性能的影响

为提高聚砜(PSF)超滤膜亲水性,增强其抗污染能力,以聚氨酯(PU)作为改性剂,采用沉淀相转化法制备PSF/PU共混超滤膜。用溶解度参数和共溶剂法等预测了PSF/PU是部分相容体系。同时,用接触角测定仪和拉伸强度仪对膜的亲水性、机械性能等进行了表征。结果表明,PU加入后,共混膜的接触角从90.17°下降到73.9°,亲水性提高;对明胶的吸附量从122.36μg/cm2下降为88.64μg/cm2,抗污染性提高;在m(PSF)/m(PU)=80/20时,膜的断裂伸长率由17.78%升高到36.78%,机械性能提高。     

凝固浴温度对PVDF/PES-C共混膜结构及性能的影响

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为混合稀释剂,采用热致相分离法(TIPS)制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/酚酞型聚醚砜(PES-C)共混膜,考察了不同凝固浴温度对膜结构和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观察了膜的结构,测试了膜的纯水通量。运用DSC和XRD方法检测了膜的结晶性能。将制备的膜在膜生物反应器(MBR)中运行测试了膜的污水通量和出水指标。随凝固浴温度的升高,共混膜的最高熔融温度上升,膜中α晶型的含量增加。在凝固浴温度为25℃时,膜形成了较为致密的皮层结构和较为疏松的支撑层结构,此时共混膜的纯水通量和污水通量达到最大值,且MBR出水COD和NH4+-N含量达到排放要求。     

铸膜液中水含量对聚砜超滤膜结构和性能的影响

试验在环境温度20℃、相对湿度50%、凝胶浴温度20℃的条件下制膜,在聚砜(PS)铸膜液中添加水为非溶剂添加剂,研究水添加量对铸膜液粘度、膜性能和结构的影响.结果表明,水的添加对铸膜液起到了增粘的作用;30℃ PS的质量分数为14%铸膜液所成膜的纯水通量随铸膜液中水的添加量的增加大体上呈增加的趋势,从59.1增大到126.4 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1);截留率则略有下降;相应的膜表面的孔径增大、孔增多;相同水添加量(质量分数0.05%)PS的质量分数为14%的铸膜液粘度随温度的升高而减小;铸膜液温度的升高,相应的膜的纯水通量随之增加,截留率则略有下降.     

PEO改性PVDF/SMA膜结构和性能

将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)添加到聚偏氟乙烯/苯乙烯马来酸酐树脂(PVDF/SMA)膜体系中,通过非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS)制备了添加不同PEO含量的PVDF/SMA共混膜。其中PEO质量分数为2%的共混超滤膜性能最好,水通量为531.1L/(m²·h),牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率为65.8%,水接触角为63.6°,膜剥离强度为0.2756kN/m。接着以PVDF/SMA膜为主要研究对象测试了凝固浴温度对共混超滤膜的纯水通量以及BSA截留率的影响,该实验的结果表明凝固浴温度的改变对膜性能没有产生明显的影响。因此,选择在常温凝固浴温度下测试不同凝固浴成分对共混膜性能的影响。探究了膜在凝固浴成分分别为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)(质量分数为3%、6%、9%)、氯化钠(NaCl)(0.05mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L)和乙醇(质量分数为3%、6%、9%)时的膜性能变化,以及对各个组分得到的膜样本进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征。结果表明,随着DMAc含量增加,膜表面的孔在减少,且膜皮层的厚度增加,使得膜的水通量减少而BSA截留率提高。而随着NaCl浓度...     

PEG对PES/SPSF复合超滤膜分离和抗污染性能的影响

采用非溶剂相转化工艺制备聚醚砜/磺化聚砜（PES/SPSF）复合超滤膜,系统探讨聚乙二醇（PEG）分子量（400-2 000）和浓度（5%～12%）对膜结构和性能的影响,通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜分析膜的微观结构和粗糙度,并根据吸水率、孔隙率、通量、截留率和通量恢复率对膜的性能进行评估。结果表明,PEG的加入可以改善膜的分离性能和抗污染性能,复合超滤膜的通量随着PEG浓度的增加先升高后降低,随着PEG分子量的增加而增加,当PEG的分子量为1 000,浓度为7%时,其纯水通量达到497.86 L/（m2·h）,牛血清蛋白（BSA）截留率和抗污染能力也都得到了提升。     

DMI增塑二醋酸纤维素超滤膜的制备与性能研究

以绿色环保的1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)为增塑剂,采用复合热致相分离法制备了二醋酸纤维素(CDA)超滤膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察以及纯水通量、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)截留率、孔隙率和拉伸强度等测试,研究了CDA固含量对超滤膜结构和性能的影响。同时,通过综合比较不同固含量CDA膜的纯水通量和蛋白截留率,确定了最佳铸膜液配方。结果表明:提高CDA的固含量可以消除膜截面中的大孔结构,但同时降低了膜的孔隙率。其中,当铸膜液中CDA固含量为20%时,所制备平板膜的拉伸强度高达6.10 MPa,对0.1 g/L BSA水溶液的渗透通量为47.7 L/(m~2·h),截留率达到96.4%。     

热塑性聚氨酯溶液组成对其黏度及所制备膜微孔结构的影响

聚氨酯1180 A为原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,考察了不同溶剂、溶解温度、固含量对聚氨酯溶液黏度和非溶剂致相转化所制备膜微孔形貌结构的影响。结果表明：聚氨酯溶液的黏度受固含量、溶液温度、溶剂等多因素影响。其中,溶剂影响最为显著,15%固含量80℃完全溶解后,溶液的表观黏度呈NMP>DMAc>DMF的趋势。适宜溶剂条件下固含量增大黏度升高,溶解温度升高溶液黏度降低,高温下溶液的表观澄清透明。聚氨酯溶液固含量、凝胶浴不同对膜的形貌结构均有影响。在纯水、20%乙醇(EtOH)和40%EtOH中分相后膜的断面结构呈指状孔;在60%EtOH中分相后膜断面呈球粒状的双连续结构;80%EtOH中分相呈疏松的蜂窝状孔;EtOH中分相呈海绵孔。     

超滤膜改性技术及其抗污染性能的研究

超滤作为膜分离技术的一个重要分支,因其能量消耗低,设备体积不大,结构比较简单,工艺流程容易掌握,容易操作等特点。可是至今为止还没有得到充分的应用,其根本原因就是现存的商用超滤膜通量低,易污染,所以需要对它进行改性。本文介绍了国内外常用的几种超滤膜改性方法,以及改性后膜的抗污染性能的变化。     

PVC/PU共混超滤膜性能研究

PVC膜对糖类化合物有较强的排斥力,但其亲水性差,而聚氨酯有较强的亲水性,本课题研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)与聚氨酯(PU)的共混膜,探讨相转化法制备PVC/PU共混超滤膜的性能。实验结果表明,当聚合物浓度为16%,PVC/PU以8/2(质量分数)共混时,可制的水通量、截留率较好的多孔膜。     

凝固浴组成对PVDF/PVDF-g-PAA共混膜结构与性能的影响

为了进一步提高PVDF膜的亲水性及渗透性能,本文通过在膜内引入聚偏氟乙烯接枝聚丙烯酸(PVDF-g-PAA),提高共混膜的亲水性,并在凝固浴中加入N, N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),改善聚偏氟乙烯/聚偏氟乙烯接枝聚丙烯酸(PVDF/PVDF-g-PAA)共混膜的结构与性能。利用浊点法对PVDF/PVDF-g-PAA共混膜的成膜热力学进行了研究,相比于水/乙醇凝固浴,水/DMAc凝固浴的使用会抑制PVDF/PVDF-g-PAA的相分离速度,体系变得更加稳定。采用傅里叶红红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征聚合物及膜的化学结构,并通过原子力显微镜和扫描电镜观察膜的表断面结构。结果表明,随着凝固浴中DMAc含量的增加,膜的致密皮层逐渐变薄,膜断面中的指状孔结构逐渐向海绵状结构转变,膜表面变粗糙,平均孔径增加,共混膜纯水通量变大。当DMAc含量为50%时,膜的纯水通量最高,可达(1 084±74)L/(m~2·h),同时具备较高的断裂强度(2.6±0.1)MPa。     

Effect of support material on ultrafiltration membrane performance

Supported ultrafiltration (UF) membranes based on polyacrylonitrile were prepared by phase inversion method using nonwoven polyester fabric as support with different origin. The membrane preparation parameters, including dope solution composition and casting conditions, were kept same while changing the support fabric. Various analyses performed, viz. water flux, protein rejection, porosity, and membrane compaction indicated that the support used for UF membrane preparation affects the membrane properties to a great extent, and a right support need to be chosen for a preparation of membrane with desired properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3389–3395, 2006     

超滤膜技术概述

当今社会,超滤作为一种新型膜分离技术,应用的领域十分广泛,而且也获得了良好的效果。本文首先介绍了超滤技术的原理、四大有机高分子膜材料和相转化制膜中常用的浸没沉淀法和溶剂蒸发法,然后简述了超滤膜的优点、四大领域的应用、三大污染物质及防治措施,并把超滤膜技术多年后的研究方向和未来前景总结出来。指出超滤膜具有在水处理净化、食品提纯和中药分离等方面的诸多优势,接下来在广泛总结颗粒物、有机物和微生物污染的基础上,通过针对性的污染类别,遴选出高效的处理措施,并且能够显著提升超滤膜的抗菌抗污染性能,从而为超滤膜发展和实践运用提供可能。文中提出：今后研究的重点将是制备高性能、低成本、绿色化的超滤膜,并与其他膜分离技术协同作用于生产生活。     

金属-聚乙烯醇-二醋酸纤维素共混复合亲水超滤膜的制备

在大孔径金属纤维毡上制备了金属-聚乙烯醇-二醋酸纤维素(金属-PVA-CA)共混复合超滤膜及金属-NaCl改性PVA-CA共混复合超滤膜。该复合超滤膜在操作压力为0.25-0.45 MPa,处理质量浓度为1000 mg/L的含油乳化液,可获得40-70 L／(m2·h)的透液通量,COD截留在90％以上。研究还表明金属-NaCl改性PVA-CA共混复合超滤膜的综合性能略优于金属-PVA-CA共混复合超滤膜。     

聚乙烯醇-醋酸纤维素共混超滤膜的制备与性能研究

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、醋酸纤维素(CA)、冰醋酸、水为制膜原料,用相转化制备了PVA-CA共混超滤膜.在一定范围内研究了不同膜液组成对超滤膜性能的影响,得到了较佳的膜液配方.制备的PVA-CA共混超滤膜在操作压力0.30MPa下,处理质量浓度为1000mg/L的水油型模拟含油乳化液,其渗透速率约40L/(m2@h2),除油率可达90%以上,并且此超滤膜的耐水性和溶胀性均优于未改性的PVA超滤膜.     

Cellulose acetate and sulfonated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes. I. Preparation and characterization

Modification of polymeric membrane materials by incorporation of hydrophilicity results in membranes with low fouling behavior and high flux. Hence, Polysulfone was functionalized by sulfonation and ultrafiltration membranes were prepared based on sulfonated polysulfone and cellulose acetate in various blend compositions. Polyethyleneglycol 600 was employed as a nonsolvent additive in various concentrations to the casting solution to improve the ultrafiltration performance of the resulting membranes. The total polymer concentration, cellulose acetate, and sulfonated polysulfone polymer blend composition, additive concentration, and its compatibility with polymer blends were optimized. The membranes prepared were characterized in terms of compaction, pure water flux, membrane resistance, and water content. The compaction takes place within 3–4 h for all the membranes. The pure water flux is determined largely by the composition of sulfonated polysulfone and concentration of additive. Membrane resistance is inversely proportional to pure water flux, and water content is proportional to pure water flux for all the membranes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1749–1761, 2002     

聚砜/聚苯胺-嵌段式聚醚Pluronic F127复合超滤膜的制备及性能

选用具有不同改性机理的嵌段式聚醚Pluronic F127与聚苯胺(PANI)纳米纤维共同作为添加剂共混改性聚砜(PSf)超滤膜,利用浸没沉淀相转化法制备出PSf/PANI-F127复合超滤膜。考察、比较并分析两种改性材料同时存在对膜结构和膜性能的影响。膜结构通过傅里叶衰减全反射红外(ATR-FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角等测试表征。膜性能通过纯水通量、截留率、抗污染性能以及添加剂稳定性结果进行评价。实验结果表明,Pluronic F127的加入可以更有效地提高膜表面亲水性,而PANI纳米纤维的加入则可以使膜孔隙率增大、表面孔径尺寸降低、皮层变薄。实验进一步发现,两种添加剂在改善膜结构与性能上起协同作用。PANI-F127一方面提高了膜纯水通量与抗污染性能,另一方面克服了单独使用Pluronic F127时添加量大、截留率低、添加剂易流失的缺点。     

Effect of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether additive on the structure,morphology, and performance of polysulfone flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane

In this work, effects of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) 5000 additive on the structure, morphology, and performance of polysulfone (PSF) membrane have been investigated. The membranes are prepared with direct blending of PEGME5000 (0–9 wt %) with two compositions of PSF (12 and 15 wt %) into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and further characterized in terms of morphology, structure, fouling, and ultrafiltration performance. The ternary phase diagram is plotted to investigate the thermodynamic stability of the system. Moreover, protein adsorption tests are conducted using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to see the effect of PEGME5000 on surface hydrophilicity. The ultrafiltration experiments are performed using humic acid (HA) solution and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. The result showed that, the contact angle decreased from 64° to 46° and from 67.6° to 49° for 12M and 15M membranes, respectively, indicating an improved hydrophilicity. The 12M and 15M membranes with 9 wt % of PEGME5000 have the lowest BSA adsorption due to highest antifouling property. The maximum permeability was obtained 0.72 and 0.51 L/m² h kPa for 12M5 and 15M3, respectively, due to maximum porosity which is also supported by the morphological result. In HA permeation, 12M5 and 15M3 achieved a maximum Flux _RR around 0.95 and 0.91, respectively, which was remarkably higher compared to 0.61 and 0.62 Flux _RR of 12M0 and 15M0. Also, PEGME5000 significantly affected the structure and morphology of the membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47163.     

Effect of ethanol in the coagulation bath on the structure and performance of PVDF-g-PEGMA/PVDF membrane

This report investigated the effect of ethanol content in the coagulation bath on the surface composition, membrane pore size structure, pure water flux, and permeability of the amphiphilic polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-g-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA)-modified PVDF membrane. The study found that pore size and their distribution and, as a result, membrane permeability, can also be easily controlled by adjusting ethanol content in the coagulation bath. Membrane water fluxes formed by the coagulation baths with 0, 10, 20, and 30% of ethanol were 1843.65, 2774.61, 4391.88, and 5142.35 L (m⁻²·h⁻¹). When the content of ethanol in the coagulation bath is high, the surface enrichment of PEGMA slightly decreases, and the surface becomes rougher. Thus, the decrease of the hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the membrane and the increase of the roughness leads to the deterioration of the hydrophilicity of the membranes surface. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47380.     

Effects of operation conditions,solvent and gelation bath on morphology and performance of PPESK asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane

The effect of gelation temperature, evaporation time, solvent and gelation bath on the structure and performance of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane via phase inversion are investigated; the relationship between gelation thickness of dope solutions (X) and time for several polymer solutions with different solvents and gelation bath by online optical microscope–CCD camera experimental system (OM–CC system) are obtained. The results show that gelation temperature has much stronger influence on aperture opening ratio of membrane surface (AOR) and average diameter of membrane surface (AD) than evaporation time, whereas evaporation time has greater effect on the structure factor of membrane cross-section (S). Bovine serum albumin rejection (R) is mainly determined by surface structure; however, pure water flux (J) is controlled not only by the structure of surface and cross-section, but also the connectivity of the pores. PPESK membranes with fine performance can be fabricated under appropriate gelation temperature and evaporation time. In addition, the membrane structure and performance vary widely when various solvents and gelation bath are employed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008