高活性生化腐植酸对酶催化活性的影响

以葡萄、苹果、番茄等果渣类废弃物,树皮、树叶、杂草等植物类废弃物作为生化腐植酸(BHA)的制备原料,在不同菌种、不同发酵时间下进行固态发酵,合成几种含吲哚乙酸、脱落酸或赤霉素的高活性生化腐植酸。研究了这几种高活性生化腐植酸对α-淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶和植酸酶的活性及对植物种子萌芽的生长情况的影响。试验结果表明:生化腐植酸在浓度适宜的情况下对α-淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶和植酸酶的活性以及植物种子的生长有促进作用,但浓度过高时就出现抑制现象。本研究以廉价的原料制备高附加值的生化腐植酸,农业应用前景广阔。     

硝基腐植酸生产原料和工艺的选择

以云南各产地褐煤为原料制备硝基腐植酸,对褐煤水分、灰分、总腐植酸、游离腐植酸进行了分析和评价。给出了各种原料煤腐植酸中总酸性基、羧基、酚羟基的分析数据。采用云南罗茨褐煤进行催化氧化,由氧化褐煤制备硝基腐植酸,对制备工艺进行了考察,并对产品质量进行分析。试验结果对腐植酸资源和硝基腐植酸生产工艺的选择利用具有指导意义。     

不同形貌纳米CuO催化氧化风化煤制取腐植酸的研究

分别采用超声辅助热沉淀法和水热法制备了片状纳米CuO(Cu O-s)和棒状纳米CuO(CuO-r)催化剂。以X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)手段对产物进行了表征。考察了两种形貌的纳米CuO催化剂在碱性条件下催化氧化风化煤制取腐植酸的活性。利用元素分析、红外光谱和E_4/E_6值分析研究了腐植酸产物的结构和性质,讨论了两种形貌的纳米CuO催化氧化对腐植酸产率、元素组成和官能团种类的影响。结果表明,两种形貌的纳米CuO均可显著提高腐植酸的产率,以CuO-r催化活性最高。与仅加入H_2O_2相比,加入CuO-r催化剂,腐植酸产率可提高16.36%,并且催化氧化所得腐植酸与天然腐植酸具有相似的元素组成和结构特征。     

全国腐植酸肥料标准工作组就标准讨论稿向全行业广泛征询意见

一全国肥料和土壤调理剂标准化技术委员会腐植酸肥料工作纽（SAC／TC105／WG1）2008年11月4日正式成立后,各项工作开展得有条不紊。在2009年1月10～15日召开的工作组成立大会及第一次工作会议上,中国腐植酸工业协会曾宪成理事长及工作组各位成员就《腐植酸类液体原料包装》《腐植酸加工原料分类》《腐植酸类肥料分类》《腐植酸类固体原料包装》和《腐植酸有机肥》等5项标准进行了讨论。     

腐植酸基磁性复合材料制备及其吸附性能研究

以腐植酸(HA)为原料,采用低温还原-高温氧化缩合法制备了绿色、无污染、成本低廉的磁性Fe/C复合材料(FCH),并将其应用于水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附和去除.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的形貌和微观结构进行了表征,并用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的磁场强度进行了分析.吸附等温线...     

腐植酸树脂制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附性能

以水溶性酚醛树脂为交联固化剂,天然腐植酸为原料,制备了颗粒状腐植酸树脂;研究了该腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)分离富集性能。结果表明:腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)有较强的吸附能力,改变介质的pH,实现Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集。建立了腐植酸树脂分离富集,火焰原子吸收测定铬形态的新方法,用于自来水和清洁地表水中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的测定,结果满意。     

酚醛-腐植酸树脂对Cd^2＋的吸附性能研究

以泥炭和水溶性酚醛树脂为原料,制备酚醛-腐植酸树脂吸附剂,研究了酚醛-腐植酸树脂吸附剂对Cd2 的吸附和解吸性能,讨论了溶液pH、吸附时间对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:酚醛-腐植酸树脂对Cd2 具有良好的吸附和解吸特性,吸附实验数据大致符合Freundlich吸附等温模型.     

腐植酸活化原料指标评价研究

在传统碱溶酸析的基础上,采用活化剂直接与腐植酸混合活化腐植酸,研究游离腐植酸含量、腐植酸水分及细度对腐植酸活化的影响。确定适宜的腐植酸原料指标为:w(游离腐植酸)40%～45%,w(H_2O)20%～25%,粒径250μm。     

一种含腐植酸矿物的土壤重金属复合钝化剂及制备方法

申请(专利权)人:中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所申请(专利)号:201110078053.1申请日期:2011.03.30主分类号:C09K17/40(2006.01)I本发明公开了一种含腐植酸矿物的土壤重金属复合钝化剂及其制备方法。它由腐植酸矿粉、钙镁磷肥和生石灰按一定比例配制,其步骤包括:A.腐植酸矿粉制备:选用腐植酸原矿经球磨过110～140目筛备用;B.将步骤(A)所制备的原料与钙镁磷肥、生石灰混合均匀,并将     

不同腐植酸原料中的微生物分离与鉴定(上)

从32种不同产地、不同种类的腐植酸原料中分离微生物,以验证腐植酸原料中是否存在微生物;如果存在,则对其进行菌种鉴定。目前,关于腐植酸中存在微生物的研究鲜有报道。但是腐植酸中可能会存在一些有益的微生物,对其进行研究,可以为以后研究腐植酸与微生物两者之间的相互作用及应用奠定基础。试验结果表明,腐植酸原料中(除上海生化腐植酸外)存在细菌、放线菌、真菌,并且不同腐植酸中微生物的种类、数量不同,但优势菌大致相同;从中分离得到细菌优势菌8株、放线菌优势菌4株、真菌优势菌5株,通过菌落形态、菌体形态以及生理生化特征等方面鉴定各菌种。鉴定结果明确,它们属于短小杆菌属(Curtobacte-rium Yamada etc.,1972)、芽孢杆菌属的短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)、灰褐类群阿拉伯链霉菌(S.arabicus Shibata etc.,1957)等。     

Structural changes in humic acids during the coalification process

Humic acids from four coals, varying in rank from peat to subbituminous coal, have been characterized by elemental analysis, acidic groups, molecular weight, electrophoresis and visible, FT-i.r. and CP/MAS ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy. The humic acids increase in carbon content, molecular weight, condensation degree and aromaticity (f_a) with increasing maturation of the parent coals, while the oxygen content decreases with a loss of oxygen functional groups. The presence of lignin-like polymers, poly-saccharides and peptidic materials in humic acids from peat was established using i.r. and ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy. The structural changes observed in humic acids are in agreement with the recognized coalification theory and tend to support the hypothesis of condensation of humic acids into insoluble humin of coal.     

泥炭腐植酸类物质作为水煤浆分散剂的性能研究

通过将泥炭改性处理或分离分级腐植酸各组分,制备腐植酸类水煤浆添加剂,考察其对水煤浆的分散性能。结果表明,泥炭腐植酸类添加剂对煤浆有较好的分散性。不同类型泥炭腐植酸对煤浆的分散性不同,以低灰分、高腐植酸的草本泥炭最好,泥炭藓泥炭最差;腐植酸各级分受其分子量和官能团的影响,黑、棕腐植酸好于黄腐植酸;泥炭进行改性处理可增加腐植酸中的亲水和疏水基团,不同程度改善了对水煤浆的分散性能。     

腐植酸产品特性及其对真菌和植物生长的影响

天然腐植酸主要来自风化煤和褐煤等,其产品主要有Pak腐植酸盐、腐植酸盐肥料、Pak Humax、Humkara和Humide等,它们在使用之前必须了解其功效。本研究比较了4种腐植酸肥料的理化性质、光学特性以及对小麦(栽培品种Sehr)、绿豆(绿豆-54)、玉米(C-12)和田菁种子萌发和生长的影响,同时研究了它们对4种真菌的影响。4种腐植酸肥料的含水量为52%~71.11%,溶解度为30.2%~98.2%,密度为1.67~4.17 g/mL,2%腐植酸肥料水溶液pH值为5.39~10.11,EC值为3.140~1.143 mS/cm。4种腐植酸肥料的碳含量为22.95%~36.56%、氮含量为0.658%~1.183%,相应的C/N比为30.91~44.16。将4种腐植酸肥料用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液溶解,分离获得腐植酸和黄腐酸,按含碳量计算,含碳量40.3%~77.5%的为腐植酸,含碳量22.5%~59.7%的为黄腐酸。对腐植酸在400 nm、500 nm、600 nm和700 nm下的光学性质进行了研究,并对465 nm和665 nm条件下的吸光度进行测量,计算其比值E4/E6(即消光系数)。结果表明,E4/E6比值变化在3.64~5.48之间,且光密度随着波长的增加而降低,与腐殖质的碳含量具有显著相关性。供试的4株真菌中,根据菌落直径观察,Trichoderma harzianum,T.hamatum和Alternaria alternate3种真菌在0.025%腐植酸培养基上生长最好。4种腐植酸肥料对小麦、玉米、绿豆种子萌发都有抑制作用,但对田菁种子萌发具有促进作用;对小麦和玉米的根具有促进生长的作用,同时可以提高小麦和玉米芽的干物质含量,而对绿豆和田菁没有影响。研究发现,巴基斯坦市场上销售的腐植酸肥料差异很大,为保障使用者的利益,对这些肥料进行质量监测十分必要。     

珠江河口水体沉积物中腐殖酸的提取与表征

采用NaOH碱提法提取和纯化了珠江河口水体沉积物中的腐殖酸,并用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜、原子力显微镜等方法对提取的腐殖酸进行了表征。结果表明,提取的腐殖酸由C、H、O、N、S元素组成,含有羧基、羟基等多种活性官能团,其中芳香族不饱和物质较多;透射电镜观察发现在较高浓度时腐殖酸聚集体呈现枝状结构,原子力显微镜扫描发现,腐殖酸胶体粒子在较低浓度时呈球形聚集体形貌,直径在100 nm左右。     

Sorption of humic acids by quartz sands

The sorption of humic acids on different types of silicon-containing materials was studied. It was shown that the interaction of humic acid fragments with a mineral surface depends on acid-base and surfaceactive properties and on the composition of the mineral sorbent surface. An increase in the aluminum content of the sorbent strengthens the interaction of humic substances with the mineral surface. It was established that the humic acids of peat were better sorbed on the silicon-containing surface due to the predominance of oxygen-containing groups in the composition of fragments.     

Effects of Ozonation on Molecular Weight Distribution of Humic Substances and Coagulation Processes – A Case Study: The Úzquiza Reservoir Water

In this article the influence of preozonation on the effectiveness of NOM removal via coagulation processes will be studied (focusing on the influence of the calcium hardness) as well as changes in MW (molecular weight) distribution of humic substances caused by ozonation. Additionally, THMFP removal in both ozonation and preozonation-coagulation processes is assessed. Three different types of water have been used in this study: a natural water from the Úzquiza Reservoir (Burgos, Spain), a synthetic water prepared using natural fulvic acids extracted from the Úzquiza Reservoir and a synthetic water prepared using a commercially supplied humic acid. Molecular weights of humic substances were determined using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC); average molecular weights calculated for the unozonated humic substances are 4500 Da for the commercial humic acids and 1000 Da for the natural fulvic acids extracted from the Úzquiza Reservoir. Preozonation shifted the molecular weight distribution of humic substances (both humic and fulvic acids) towards lower average molecular weight values. For the natural water from the Úzquiza Reservoir (with low levels of calcium hardness and hydrophobic fraction (humic substances) being the main fraction of NOM), preozonation has a negative effect on the effectiveness of the coagulation process for NOM removal: the percentages of TOC removal via coagulation decrease with increasing ozone dosage; the maximum TOC removal (33%) is achieved for the unozonated water. Also for this water, ozonation reduced 5–25% of THMFP with ozone doses varying from 0.25 to 2.5 mg O₃/L. A preferential THMFP removal, that is to say, higher reduction in THMFP (43%) relative to TOC (28%) is achieved by the coagulation-flocculation process; this also occurs when preozonation is used, independently of ozone dosage.     

Pervaporation properties of humic acid–added membranes

The saving and recycling of chemical substances, which may be hazardous to human health and ecosystems, constitute a desirable goal worldwide. It is important to use a natural polymer that has a highly specific function and an environmental friendliness. In this study, humic acid was added to a natural polymer, a pectin membrane, and a hydrophobic poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PMSP) membrane to enhance the affinity for phenol or aniline. Also, the separation performance, based on the membrane materials and methods of addition, was investigated. The effect of the adsorption of phenol and aniline by humic acid was investigated. A high rate of aniline adsorption was observed. The interaction of the humic acids and the aniline was mainly observed by polar bonding. For the PMSP membrane with humic acid added to the surface, the humic acid exists in a colloidal state. During pervaporation, the permeation of water was prevented by the adsorbed solute. Because the permeability of aniline increased and the permeability of water significantly decreased, the PMSP membrane with humic acid added to the surface had a high permeate aniline concentration, and the permselectivity was improved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 461–468, 2004     

盐胁迫环境下腐植酸类物质对小麦生长及矿物营养吸收的影响

对在不同浓度的盐胁迫条件下,叶面喷施液态腐植酸和土壤施用腐植酸类物质对小麦作物生长和矿物营养吸收的影响进行了研究。通过添加不同量的NaCl得到不同的盐浓度环境。腐植酸类物质在作物种植前一个月施用,液态腐植酸在种苗发芽后20d和35d喷施于小麦叶面。腐植酸类物质的施用量为0、1g/kg、2g/kg,液态腐植酸的浓度为0、0.1%、0.2%。盐度对小麦生长具有负面影响,它会降低小麦对除Na、Mn以外的矿物营养的吸收,影响小麦干重。通过在土壤施用腐植酸类物质可以增加小麦对N的吸收,叶面施用腐植酸可增加其对P、K、Mg、Na、Cu和Zn的吸收。研究结果显示：在土壤中施用腐植酸类物质,不同盐浓度与施用量之间存在较好的相关性,但叶面喷施时盐度和喷施量之间相关性并不明显。在盐胁迫环境的影响下,叶面喷施腐植酸的初始浓度和土壤中施用的腐植酸类物质的初施量都增加了作物对营养元素的吸收。     

巴塔哥尼亚（阿根延）海洋与河水中腐植酸组成比较

比较了Enga西。海湾海水（大西洋）和丘布特河水（阿根廷的巴塔哥尼亚）中腐殖质的结构。这些腐殖质被分离、纯化后,通过元素分析法,核磁共振法（C13和1H谱）,红外光谱法,紫外吸收法和荧光法等对其结构特性进行了分析鉴定,并以氮含量、氧含量、H／C比、C／N比、红外波段中氮和羧基官能团含量、核磁共振吸收谱线中官能团的斜率系...     

Effects of Ozonation on Natural Organic Matter Reactivity in Adsorption and Biodegradation Processes – A Case Study: The Úzquiza Reservoir Water

In this paper the influences of preozonation on the effectiveness of NOM adsorption and biodegradation processes are studied. Three different types of water have been used in this study: A natural water from the Úzquiza Reservoir (Burgos, Spain), synthetics waters prepared using natural humic substances (fulvic and humic acids extracted from the Úzquiza Reservoir) and a synthetic water prepared using a commercially supplied humic acid. The effect of preozonation on NOM adsorption by activated carbon is evaluated: adsorption of humic acids (hydrophobic, high molecular weight compounds) is improved following preozonation; however, for the fulvic acids (hydrophilic, low molecular weight compounds), no net appreciable effect of preozonation on adsorption was observed. Preozonation increases the biodegradability of NOM: biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), which was determined using two different bioassays (Billen-Servais method and Joret-Lévi method), increases with increasing ozone dosage. A characterization of humic substances based on their adsorption and biodegradability properties is also reported, showing the effect of ozone.