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流动稳定性问题是稠油水环输送的难点。使用CFD软件,从油水密度差、黏度差、油水两相速度几个因素出发展开研究。模拟结果表明,缩小油水密度差会减小压降梯度降低偏心率增加输油效率η,η最高可达11.54;油相黏度的增加虽然会增加压降梯度但输油效率会提高,η最高可达92.47。变水速情况下,水速过小会形成大压降的分层流,稳定水环形成后水速过大会增大管输总流量减小输油效率;变油速情况,油速增长会增加压降梯度,输油效率存在峰值,存在最优速度范围。 相似文献
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依托流体可视化环道装置,设计并加工稠油掺气减阻模拟装置,实验研究水平管内两种稠油模拟油掺气流动阻力特性,拍摄不同气液流量比下的管流流型,分析不同实验条件下气相对稠油的减阻效果并建立相应的压降预测模型。结果表明:在气液比0~15范围内,共观察到六种流型,分别是泡状流、弹状流、分层流、段塞流、环状流、雾状流。220#与440#模拟油所对应的管路减阻率分别在气液比1.17和0.96时达到最大值48.19%和33.76%,当掺气比为0.9~1.2时,减阻率均可维持在20%以上。其机理可归结为空气使油-油接触转变为油-气-油接触,降低了混合相的层间剪切应力。Dukler法不适用于高黏气液两相流,所建立的稠油-气两相压降模型预测值与实测值吻合良好,平均相对误差在20%以内。 相似文献
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针对稠油水环输送的中心油流偏心问题,提出稠油流动边界层在AFS-2水基泡沫作用下的模拟实验方法,设计加工相应的管流模拟装置及泡沫发生、注入与泡沫层生成系统.用201甲基硅油模拟稠油,实验研究稠油在水基泡沫作用下的水平管流阻力特性,分析泡沫与硅油的流速与流量比对硅油流动流型和减阻效果的影响.基于上部泡沫-下部液膜复合边界层假设,建立硅油-泡沫-液膜中心环状水平管流的压降预测模型.结果表明:20℃室温下,当泡沫与硅油流量比为0.2~0.5时,硅油流动减阻率高于70%,其机理可归结为油壁间形成了上部泡沫-下部液膜的复合隔离润滑层;理论预测值与实验测量值吻合良好,相对误差为-17.55%~9.76%. 相似文献
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以聚丙烯酰胺为减阻剂,在内径40mm的光滑管中,对比研究了两相流与单相流的减阻规律.单相流为水在管中的流动,两相流为空气与水的混合流动.实验结果表明:一般情况下,单相减阻率大于两相减阻率,少数工况两相减阻率大于单相减阻率;单相流体减阻率最大可达到55.5%,两相流体减阻率最大可达到50.5%.建立了两相流减阻率与单相流减阻率的基本关系式,该关系式以Lockhart-Martinelli模型中的参数为函数,依据这一基本关系提出了由单相流减阻率预测评价两相流减阻率的新方法,预测结果与实验结果相符合. 相似文献
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Experimental simulations of model well‐bore flows in laboratory pipelines show that frictional energy losses (i.e., pressure drops) are reduced when water is present with heavy oil. The reduction has been shown to increase with the water fraction. The mixtures are not oil in water emulsions in the classical sense of the term. At the low axial velocities which characterize wellbore flows, the flow regime is inherently intermittent. Using a variety of methods the structure of the flow has been examined to identify the flow regime and the cause of the reduced pressure gradients. It has been found that the water travels as large slugs and that oil is invariably present at the wall when the mixture flows through a steel pipe. The evidence suggests that a significant fraction of the oil is transported within the water slugs. A tentative flow regime boundary between the regions of intermittent and continuous water‐assisted flow is proposed in terms of the mixture Froude number and the injected water fraction. 相似文献
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对内径40mm的钢管和有机玻璃管内油水二相水平流动时的流型、摩擦压降特性进行了详细的实验研究,结果表明:油包水向水包油的转变发生在含水体积分数约0. 4时。随含水体积分数的增大,油水二相流的摩擦压降先是急剧减小,其后在含水体积分数大于0. 4时压降变化趋于平缓。油水二相流的摩擦压降受含水体积分数、管壁润湿特性、管壁粗糙度以及混合物流速的影响,当二相流体处于水包油状态时,钢管内的摩擦压降比有机玻璃管内的大;而当处于油包水时,有机玻璃管内的摩擦压降则比钢管内的摩擦压降大。 相似文献
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Different methods of reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil to enhance the flow properties were investigated. Experimental measurements were conducted using RheoStress RS100 from Haake. Several factors such as shear rate, temperature and light oil concentration on the viscosity behavior have been studied. This study shows that the blending of the heavy crude oil with a limited amount of lighter crude oil provided better performance than the other alternatives. Experimental measurements in terms of shear stress τ-shear rate and yield stress τ0 were conducted on the mixture of heavy crude oil-light crude oil (O-light). The results showed a significant viscosity reduction of 375 mPa s at a room temperature of 25 °C. This study shows that the heavy crude oil required a yield stress of 0.7 Pa, whereas no yield stress was reported for the heavy crude oil-light crude oil mixture. 相似文献
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稠油节能增输是解决常规原油日渐枯竭、保障原油接替的紧迫需求,然而稠油黏度高、流道黏附性强,使其输送异常困难,是稠油节能增效输送技术瓶颈。根据前期研究本文作者发现,活性水作用下稠油乳化降黏的同时可改变稠油与管内壁界面特性,以及稠油提高采收率——润湿性之润湿反转,提出管输稠油乳化降黏及其流固界面润湿耦合作用流动减阻新思路。本文基于国内外相关研究成果的系统分析,探讨稠油乳化降黏、流固界面润湿及耦合减阻的有效性,剖析活性水作用乳化/润湿耦合减阻存在的主要问题,理论分析稠油在管输过程中实现乳化/润湿耦合减阻的可行性。结果表明,乳化/润湿减阻思路在理论上是可行的,而且在表面活性剂作用下乳化降黏的同时管输流固界面润湿反转更容易实施,然而,乳化/润湿减阻实际应用缺乏充分认识尚需深入研究其相关科学问题;其深入研究有望理解与认识流固界面特性对流动阻力的影响作用,可解决管输稠油流动阻力之难题,将为稠油流动改进提供理论与技术支撑,在稠油管输节能增效方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Experimental investigations of the flow of water‐heavy oil mixtures at velocities typical of oil‐field gathering systems show that continuous water assisted flow at very low pressure gradients can be achieved. The principal criterion to be satisfied in establishing this desirable flow regime appears to be use of sufficient water, with the velocity also playing a role. It also appears that oil viscosity and water fraction effects on pressure gradient are small provided the beneficial flow regime is established. The flows resemble core‐annular flow, which has been observed previously in Bitumen froth and water‐heavy oil flows, with an oil layer on the pipe wall. However, the correlation for pressure gradient is somewhat different from that reported previously for Bitumen froth flows. 相似文献
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针对海上平台稠油管线停输置换、再启动难题,以旅大稠油为研究对象,利用Rheolab QC流变仪测量系统剖析稠油及其乳状液启动过程与初始阶段力学响应特性,讨论含水率、启动温度、静置时间与恒定剪切速率对启动屈服应力的影响作用,自主研制并加工搭建了室内小型再启动环道实验装置,测量与验证再启动压力理论预测值可靠性。实验结果表明:稠油乳状液启动过程可划分为屈服、衰减和平衡3个阶段,启动屈服应力均在反相点附近达到最大值,随着启动温度升高而降低,随恒定剪切速率增大而增大;适当增大启动流量可缩短管线启动时间,但同时也增大了启动压力;基于启动屈服应力的启动压力预测值是环道实验装置测量值的2~3倍,而基于平衡剪切应力的启动压力预测值与实测值吻合较好,平均相对误差为4.5%。 相似文献