Automatic Real-Time Medical Mask Detection Using Deep Learning to Fight COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is a virus that has disastrous effects on human lives globally; still spreading like wildfire causing huge losses to humanity and economies. There is a need to follow few constraints like social distancing norms, personal hygiene, and masking up to effectively control the virus spread. The proposal is to detect the face frame and confirm the faces are properly covered with masks. By applying the concepts of Deep learning, the results obtained for mask detection are found to be effective. The system is trained using 4500 images to accurately judge and justify its accuracy. The aim is to develop an algorithm to automatically detect a mask, but the approach does not facilitate the percentage of improper usage. Accuracy levels are as low as 50% if the mask is improperly covered and an alert is raised for improper placement. It can be used at traffic places and social gatherings for the prevention of virus transmission. It works by first locating the region of interest by creating a frame boundary, then facial points are picked up to detect and concentrate on specific features. The training on the input images is performed using different epochs until the artificial face mask detection dataset is created. The system is implemented using TensorFlow with OpenCV and Python using a Jupyter Notebook simulation environment. The training dataset used is collected from a set of diverse open-source datasets with filtered images available at Kaggle Medical Mask Dataset by Mikolaj Witkowski, Kera, and Prajna Bhandary. To simulate MobilNetV2 classifier is used to load and pre-process the image dataset for building a fully connected head. The objective is to assess the accuracy of the identification, measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of algorithms for precision, recall, and F1 score.     

Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approach for COVID-19 Detection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a newly discovered strain of the coronaviruses. As by the end of 2020, Covid-19 is still not fully understood, but like other similar viruses, the main mode of transmission or spread is believed to be through droplets from coughs and sneezes of infected persons. The accurate detection of Covid-19 cases poses some questions to scientists and physicians. The two main kinds of tests available for Covid-19 are viral tests, which tells you whether you are currently infected and antibody test, which tells if you had been infected previously. Routine Covid-19 test can take up to 2 days to complete; in reducing chances of false negative results, serial testing is used. Medical image processing by means of using Chest X-ray images and Computed Tomography (CT) can help radiologists detect the virus. This imaging approach can detect certain characteristic changes in the lung associated with Covid-19. In this paper, a deep learning model or technique based on the Convolutional Neural Network is proposed to improve the accuracy and precisely detect Covid-19 from Chest Xray scans by identifying structural abnormalities in scans or X-ray images. The entire model proposed is categorized into three stages: dataset, data pre-processing and final stage being training and classification.     

Leveraging Multimodal Ensemble Fusion-Based Deep Learning for COVID-19 on Chest Radiographs

Recently, COVID-19 has posed a challenging threat to researchers, scientists, healthcare professionals, and administrations over the globe, from its diagnosis to its treatment. The researchers are making persistent efforts to derive probable solutions for managing the pandemic in their areas. One of the widespread and effective ways to detect COVID-19 is to utilize radiological images comprising X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. At the same time, the recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models show promising results in medical imaging. Particularly, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be applied to identifying abnormalities on chest radiographs. While the epidemic of COVID-19, much research is led on processing the data compared with DL techniques, particularly CNN. This study develops an improved fruit fly optimization with a deep learning-enabled fusion (IFFO-DLEF) model for COVID-19 detection and classification. The major intention of the IFFO-DLEF model is to investigate the presence or absence of COVID-19. To do so, the presented IFFO-DLEF model applies image pre-processing at the initial stage. In addition, the ensemble of three DL models such as DenseNet169, EfficientNet, and ResNet50, are used for feature extraction. Moreover, the IFFO algorithm with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classification model is utilized to identify and classify COVID-19. The parameter optimization of the MLP approach utilizing the IFFO technique helps in accomplishing enhanced classification performance. The experimental result analysis of the IFFO-DLEF model carried out on the CXR image database portrayed the better performance of the presented IFFO-DLEF model over recent approaches.     

Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia via a Novel Deep Learning Architecture

COVID-19 is a contagious infection that has severe effects on the global economy and our daily life. Accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is of importance for consultants, patients, and radiologists. In this study, we use the deep learning network AlexNet as the backbone, and enhance it with the following two aspects: 1) adding batch normalization to help accelerate the training, reducing the internal covariance shift; 2) replacing the fully connected layer in AlexNet with three classifiers: SNN, ELM, and RVFL. Therefore, we have three novel models from the deep COVID network (DC-Net) framework, which are named DC-Net-S, DC-Net-E, and DC-Net-R, respectively. After comparison, we find the proposed DC-Net-R achieves an average accuracy of 90.91% on a private dataset (available upon email request) comprising of 296 images while the specificity reaches 96.13%, and has the best performance among all three proposed classifiers. In addition, we show that our DC-Net-R also performs much better than other existing algorithms in the literature.     

图像超分辨率深度学习研究及应用进展

图像超分辨率重建是用低分辨率图像重建出对应的高分辨率图像的过程。目前,图像超分辨率技术已经成功应用于计算机视觉和图像处理领域。近年来,由于深度学习具有能够从大量数据中自动学习特征的能力,因此被广泛应用于图像超分辨率领域中。介绍了图像超分辨重建的背景,详细总结了用于图像超分辨率的深度学习模型,阐述了图像超分辨率技术在卫星遥感图像、医学影像、视频监控、工业检测任务方面的应用。总结了图像超分辨算法的当前研究现状以及未来发展方向。     

Learning Patterns from COVID-19 Instances

Coronavirus disease, which resulted from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread worldwide since early 2020 and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease is also termed COVID-19. It affects the human respiratory system and thus can be traced and tracked from the Chest X-Ray images. Therefore, Chest X-Ray alone may play a vital role in identifying COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) approach that utilizes the X-Ray images to classify the healthy and affected patients based on the patterns found in these images. The article also explores traditional, and Deep Learning (DL) approaches for COVID-19 patterns from Chest X-Ray images to predict, analyze, and further understand this virus. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach achieves 97.5% detection performance using the DL model for COVID-19 versus normal cases. In contrast, for COVID-19 versus Pneumonia Virus scenario, we achieve 94.5% accurate detections. Our extensive evaluation in the experimental section guides and helps in the selection of an appropriate model for similar tasks. Thus, the approach can be used for medical usages and is particularly pertinent in detecting COVID-19 positive patients using X-Ray images alone.     

COVID-19医学影像数据集及研究进展

由于影像学技术在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的诊断和评估中发挥了重要作用,COVID-19相关数据集陆续被公布,但目前针对相关文献中数据集以及研究进展的整理相对较少。为此,通过COVID-19相关的期刊论文、报告和相关开源数据集网站,对涉及到的新冠肺炎数据集及深度学习模型进行整理和分析,包括计算机断层扫描（CT）图像数据集和X射线（CXR）图像数据集。对这些数据集呈现的医学影像的特征进行分析;重点论述开源数据集,以及在相关数据集上表现较好的分类和分割模型。最后讨论了肺部影像学技术未来的发展趋势。     

Automatic Detection of COVID-19 Infection Using Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning

The new coronavirus(COVID-19),declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic,has infected more than 1 million people and killed more than 50 thousand.An infection caused by COVID-19 can develop into pneumonia,which can be detected by a chest X-ray exam and should be treated appropriately.In this work,we propose an automatic detection method for COVID-19 infection based on chest X-ray images.The datasets constructed for this study are composed of194 X-ray images of patients diagnosed with coronavirus and 194 X-ray images of healthy patients.Since few images of patients with COVID-19 are publicly available,we apply the concept of transfer learning for this task.We use different architectures of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)trained on Image Net,and adapt them to behave as feature extractors for the X-ray images.Then,the CNNs are combined with consolidated machine learning methods,such as k-Nearest Neighbor,Bayes,Random Forest,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and support vector machine(SVM).The results show that,for one of the datasets,the extractor-classifier pair with the best performance is the Mobile Net architecture with the SVM classifier using a linear kernel,which achieves an accuracy and an F1-score of 98.5%.For the other dataset,the best pair is Dense Net201 with MLP,achieving an accuracy and an F1-score of 95.6%.Thus,the proposed approach demonstrates efficiency in detecting COVID-19 in X-ray images.     

基于深度学习的图像风格迁移研究进展

图像风格迁移是计算机视觉领域的一个热点研究方向.随着深度学习的兴起,图像风格迁移领域得到了突破性的发展.为了推进图像风格迁移领域的发展,对基于深度学习的图像风格迁移的现有研究方法进行综述.对基于深度学习的图像风格迁移方法进行分类和梳理,并对比分析基于卷积神经网络和基于生成对抗网络的风格迁移方法,介绍了图像风格迁移的改进...     

一种辅助新型冠状病毒肺炎检测的肺实质分割算法

新型冠状病毒肺炎给人类健康及社会经济造成了巨大的负面影响,而X光胸片中的肺实质提取成为新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断过程中的关键环节.在U-Net的基础上,提出一种结合编解码模式的肺实质分割算法.应用特征融合思想,构建A形特征融合模块,充分学习深层特征的语义信息.引人注意力机制,在深层卷积神经网络中加入密集空洞卷积模块和残差多核...     

Prediction of Covid-19 Based on Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning with CNN

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused trouble in people’s daily lives and ruined several economies around the world, killing millions of people thus far. It is essential to screen the affected patients in a timely and cost-effective manner in order to fight this disease. This paper presents the prediction of COVID-19 with Chest X-Ray images, and the implementation of an image processing system operated using deep learning and neural networks. In this paper, a Deep Learning, Machine Learning, and Convolutional Neural Network-based approach for predicting Covid-19 positive and normal patients using Chest X-Ray pictures is proposed. In this study, machine learning tools such as TensorFlow were used for building and training neural nets. Scikit-learn was used for machine learning from end to end. Various deep learning features are used, such as Conv2D, Dense Net, Dropout, Maxpooling2D for creating the model. The proposed approach had a classification accuracy of 96.43 percent and a validation accuracy of 98.33 percent after training and testing the X-Ray pictures. Finally, a web application has been developed for general users, which will detect chest x-ray images either as covid or normal. A GUI application for the Covid prediction framework was run. A chest X-ray image can be browsed and fed into the program by medical personnel or the general public.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的深度学习诊断方法综述

新型冠状病毒肺炎的高感染率导致其在全球范围内迅速传播,常用的逆转录-聚合酶反应（RT-PCR）检测方法存在耗时、假阴性率偏高和医学用具不足的缺陷,因此开发高效、准确、低成本的影像检测技术对新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊断和治疗至关重要。随着人工智能在医学领域的成功应用,深度学习技术成为辅助检验和识别新型冠状病毒肺炎的有效方法。对近年来涌现的新型冠状病毒肺炎的深度学习诊断方法进行了研究和总结：介绍了深度学习方法使用的两种新型冠状病毒肺炎数据集;介绍了基于VGGNet、Inception、ResNet、DenseNet、EfficientNet和CapsNet模型的六种深度学习诊断方法;介绍了三种深度学习与其他机器学习方法结合的诊断方法;对基于深度学习的新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断方法的研究趋势进行了展望。     

深度学习的单幅图像超分辨率重建方法综述

图像超分辨率重建即使用特定算法将同一场景中的低分辨率模糊图像恢复成高分辨率图像.近年来,随着深度学习的蓬勃发展,该技术在很多领域都得到了广泛的应用,在图像超分辨率重建领域中基于深度学习的方法被研究的越来越多.为了掌握当前基于深度学习的图像超分辨率重建算法的发展状况和研究趋势,对目前图像超分辨率的流行算法进行综述.主要从...     

基于深度学习的COVID-19智能诊断系统

本研究旨在探索运用深度学习的方法辅助医生利用胸部X光片进行COVID-19诊断的可行性和准确性。首先利用公开的COVID-QU-Ex Dataset训练集训练一个UNet分割模型,实现肺部ROI区域的自动分割。其次完成对该公共数据集肺部区域的自动提取预处理。再次利用预处理后的三分类影像数据（新冠肺炎、其它肺炎、正常）采用迁移学习的方式训练了一个分类模型MBCA-COVIDNET,该模型以MobileNetV2作为骨干网络,并在其中加入坐标注意力机制（CA）。最后利用训练好的模型和Hugging Face开源软件搭建了一套方便医生使用的COVID-19智能辅助诊断系统。该模型在COVID-QU-Ex Dataset测试集上取得了高达97.98%的准确率,而该模型的参数量和MACs仅有2.23M和0.33G,易于在硬件设备上进行部署。该智能诊断系统能够很好的辅助医生进行基于胸片的COVID-19诊断,提升诊断的准确率以及诊断效率。     

基于深度学习的磁芯表面缺陷检测研究

在产品表面缺陷智能检测过程中,存在缺陷样本收集困难、样本不平衡、目标尺寸小和难以定位等问题。针对磁芯表面缺陷检测中存在的问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于深度学习的图像增强和检测方法,首先利用结合高斯混合模型的深度卷积生成对抗网络生成磁芯缺陷图像,然后结合泊松融合方法产生增强的数据集,最后基于YOLO-v3网络,实现了磁芯表面缺陷的智能检测。实验表明,该方法能够生成质量更高、缺陷更明显的图像,检测准确度提升了5.6%。     

新冠肺炎CT影像的DNN对抗攻击研究

在深度学习应用于新型冠状肺炎CT智能识别的研究中,大量研究人员通过构建深度神经网络训练模型,从而理解医学影像数据内容,辅助新冠肺炎诊断。提出AMDRC-Net架构,其中的残差结构,通过恒等映射解决了网络退化问题,与此同时,针对残差结构阻碍新特征探索的新问题,受到注意力机制等最新研究启发,研究了长短注意力引导机制。关注深度学习模型安全性问题,讨论基于梯度上升的对抗攻击方法;为了解决其单一性问题,通过长短注意力机制,增加有效对抗扰动的同时减少冗余扰动,紧接着,提出的对抗攻击算法A-IM-FGSM,将对抗攻击问题转化为自适应约束问题,即可微变换思想用于迭代攻击中,探究注意力引导机制与DNN对抗攻击的相互关系。最后进行的实验中,在新型冠状肺炎CT数据集上,通过AMDRC-Net进行模型训练,设计对比实验、可视化实验、对抗攻击实验。     

Covid-19 Detection Using Deep Correlation-Grey Wolf Optimizer

The immediate and quick spread of the coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease around the globe. The widespread illness has dramatically changed almost all sectors, moving from offline to online, resulting in a new normal lifestyle for people. The impact of coronavirus is tremendous in the healthcare sector, which has experienced a decline in the first quarter of 2020. This pandemic has created an urge to use computer-aided diagnosis techniques for classifying the Covid-19 dataset to reduce the burden of clinical results. The current situation motivated me to choose correlation-based development called correlation-based grey wolf optimizer to perform accurate classification. A proposed multistage model helps to identify Covid from Computed Tomography (CT) scan image. The first process uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for extracting the feature from the CT scans. The Pearson coefficient filter method is applied to remove redundant and irrelevant features. Finally, the Grey wolf optimizer is used to choose optimal features. Experimental analysis proves that this determines the optimal characteristics to detect the deadly disease. The proposed model’s accuracy is 14% higher than the krill herd and bacterial foraging optimization for severe accurate respiratory syndrome image (SARS-CoV-2 CT) dataset. The COVID CT image dataset is 22% higher than the existing krill herd and bacterial foraging optimization techniques. The proposed techniques help to increase the classification accuracy of the algorithm in most cases, which marks the stability of the stated result. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed classification technique to predict COVID-19 with maximum accuracy of 98% outperforms other competitive approaches.     

基于深度学习的图像隐写研究进展

图像隐写是信息安全领域的研究热点之一.早期隐写方法通过修改载体图像获得含密图像, 导致图像统计特性发生变化, 因此难以抵抗基于高维统计特征分析的检测.随着深度学习的发展, 研究者们提出了许多基于深度学习的图像隐写方法, 使像素修改更隐蔽、隐写过程更智能.为了更好地研究图像隐写技术, 对基于深度学习的图像隐写方法进行综述.首先根据图像隐写过程, 从3个方面分析了基于深度学习的图像隐写方法:1)从生成对抗网络和对抗样本2个角度介绍载体图像获取方法; 2)分析基于深度学习的隐写失真设计方法; 3)阐述基于编码-解码网络的含密图像生成方法.然后, 分析和总结了无载体图像隐写方法的优缺点, 该类方法无需载体图像即可实现图像隐写, 因此在对抗统计分析方面存在天然优势.最后, 在深入分析与总结基于深度学习的图像隐写与无载体图像隐写2类方法优缺点的基础上, 对图像隐写的发展方向进行了探讨与展望.     

基于深度学习的新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断研究综述

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)具有高传染性和高致病性,严重威胁人民群众的生命安全和身体健康,快速准确地检测和诊断COVID-19对于疫情控制至关重要.目前COVID-19检测诊断方法主要包括核酸检测和基于医学影像的人工诊断,但是核酸检测耗时较长并且需要专用的测试盒,而基于医学影像的人工诊断过于依赖专业知识,分析耗...